Written for research chemists, process engineers and students interested in new catalyst materials and new catalytic methods for organic synthesis and organic processes, this work describes novel catalyses and reaction-promoting functions of zeolites, clays and heteropoly acids, stressing the remarkable catalytic performance of these catalyst materials in various types of organic reactions. Chapter 1 deals with a new approach to applying zeolites and clays to several types of liquid-phase organic synthesis as efficient catalysts and promotors, demonstrating the merits of using inorganic solids in place of homogeneous catalysts and promotors. Acid and base concerted functions of zeolite, zeolite-supported reagents, and superacid-like catalysis of metal cation-exchanged are described in detail. Clay catalysts are currently the focus of a great deal of attention. In Chapter 2, new catalytic aspects of various kinds of clays are shown through their applications to several types of organic reactions. The catalytic efficiency-determining factors of clays are described for better design of clay catalysts. Unique catalytic performance of synthetic clays and a new modification method to enhance the acidity of clay are also demonstrated. In the final chapter, acid-base and redox molecular catalysis by heteropoly acid is described for various types of organic reactions, stressing the important role of heteropoly anion. A novel catalytic function of heteropoly anion which enables the modification of several transition metal catalysts is also presented.
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