PrefacePreface
ZigBee is a new personal-area network (PAN) standard developed by the ZigBee Alliance. The ZigBee standard can be used to establish a wireless PAN, specifically a low-rate/power wireless sensor and control network. Wireless sensor and control networking is one the most rapidly growing technologies and has a wide variety of applications, including smart energy; commercial building automation; home automation; personal, home, and hospital care; remote-control applications for consumer electronics; telecom applications; and wireless sensor network applications.
This book presents an overview of the ZigBee technology and its applications, allowing the wireless system designer, manager, or student access to this new and growing field of wireless sensor and control networking. For the uninitiated in wireless technology, the book provides a helpful overview of wireless technology, giving the reader the background necessary for understanding ZigBee. It goes into detail about the ZigBee protocol stack, describing ZigBee’s use of IEEE 802.15.4, which defines the Media Access Control (MAC) and physical layers for the low-rate wireless personal-area network (LR-WPAN), and ZigBee’s implementations of the network, security, and application layers.
Organization
This book is divided into 11 chapters, which commence by introducing you to wireless technology and then proceed up the ZigBee protocol stack. In aggregate, the chapters provide comprehensive coverage of IEEE 802.15.4 and the ZigBee protocol architecture. In addition, three appendixes describe alternative technologies that can also be used to establish a PAN.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Wireless Networks,” covers the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model; error detection; the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band; modulation techniques; wireless local-area networks (WLANs), frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS); direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS); wireless metro-area networks (MANs); and Bluetooth.
Chapter 2, “ZigBee Wireless Sensor and Control Network,” presents an overview of ZigBee applications, ZigBee characteristics, ZigBee device types, ZigBee topologies, ZigBee protocol architecture, and characteristics of ZigBee Pro.
Chapter 3, “IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer,” covers frequency bands, data rate, channels, the physical layer data and management services, transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, received signal strength indication (RSSI), and link-quality indication.
Chapter 4, “IEEE 802.15.4 Media Access Control (MAC) Layer,” covers MAC data and management services, the MAC layer information base, access methods, the beacon frame, the MAC data frame and control frame, and the command frame format.
Chapter 5, “Network Layer,” covers the network layer data entity; the Network Information Base (NIB); the configuration of a new device; starting a network; addressing, joining, and leaving a network; network discovery; channel scanning; the network-formation process; route discovery; and the network command frame format.
Chapter 6, “Application Support Sublayer (APS) ,” covers the application support sublayer data and management entities, the APS Information Base, the APS sublayer frame format, and the APS command frame format.
Chapter 7, “Application Layer,” presents the application profile, the attribute, the cluster, the cluster format, general cluster commands, ZigBee cluster libraries, the simple application profile, the ZigBee device profile, the node descriptor, and binding and network management commands.
Chapter 8, “Security,” covers elements of network security, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), ZigBee security and the Trust Center, ZigBee Residential, Standard and High-Security modes, ZigBee security management primitives, counter mode encryption (CTR) and cipher block chaining encryption (CBC).
Chapter 9, “Address Assignment and Routing,” covers address assignment using distributed schemes, stochastic address assignment, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing protocol, unicast routing discovery, multicast routing discovery, dynamic source routing, ZigBee routing attributes, tree hierarchical routing, ZigBee Pro routing, and routing commands.
Chapter 10, “ZigBee Home Automation and Smart Energy Network,” examines the ZigBee home automation cluster, home automation network requirements, devices used for home automation, commissioning, the Smart Energy network, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and home-area networks (HANs).
Chapter 11, “ZigBee RF4CE,” covers the Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics (RF4CE) protocol, RF4CE nodes and topology, network layer data and management services, and the pairing process.
Appendix A, “6lowpan,” covers IPv6 over low-power wireless personal-area network (6LoWPAN).
Appendix B, “Wireless HART,” covers wireless HART.
Appendix C, “Z-Wave,” covers Z-Wave technology.
Acknowledgments
Many people contributed to the development of this book. We want to express our deep appreciation to Spiro Sacre of National Technical System for his in-depth review of the manuscript and his valuable suggestions and comments, which enabled us to improve the quality of this book. We also want to thank the following reviewers who reviewed the manuscript and provided valuable suggestions for its improvement: Ryan J. Maley, vice president of operations at Software Technologies Group; and Ian Marsden, director of Integration Associates, Dr. Farid Farahmand, assistant professor, Sonoma State University.
And for their encouragement and support, we also want to thank Dr. Edward Harris, dean of the School of Communication, Information and Library Science; Professor Winnie Yu, chairperson of Computer Science at Southern Connecticut State University; and Reza Khani, vice president of operations, Petra Solar Inc. And a special thanks to the staff of Pearson, especially Bernard Goodwin, Lori Lyons, Keith Cline, and Michelle Housley.
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