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Russia's First World War: A Social and Economic History 1st Edition

4.7 out of 5 stars 3 customer reviews
ISBN-13: 978-0582328181
ISBN-10: 0582328187
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Product Details

  • Paperback: 344 pages
  • Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (April 7, 2005)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0582328187
  • ISBN-13: 978-0582328181
  • Product Dimensions: 6.2 x 0.8 x 9.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.7 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (3 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,339,509 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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By John Matlock on June 16, 2005
Format: Paperback
The usual treatment given to the Russians in regard to their actions during World War I has been one of two choices. On the one hand there was the seemingly minor inconvenience (to the Germans) of the Battle of Tannenberg which took some divisions from France. On the other hand was the impact on Russia itself as a precursor to the revolution a few years later.

In this book the author, an expert on Russian history, has written an excellent history of the actions of the Russians during the war. This includes not only the military campaigns but the impact on the Russian citizens, both the elite and the plebeian. Like the rest of the world, Russian industry was mobilized to dramatically increase production. In Tsarist Russia this was somewhat less effective than in other places like the United States. Likewise Russia had problems in feeding themselves.

These situations seem to have started the problems that remained with the Soviet Union for generations to come. This is a book that points out the beginnings of recent history as we have come to know it.
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Format: Paperback
Comparatively little is known about Russia's economic mobilization during World War I. However, it was a rapidly expanding Russian economy that spurred a slower growing Germany to a 'preventive' war in 1914 - the longer Germany waited the more uneven the contest would be in economic terms. Apparently, no one either in Germany or Russia bothered to look at a map - almost all of Russia's imports and exports passed through either the Dardanelles or the Baltic, both of which were easily closed. And when these were closed by Turkey and Germany, Russia's international trade (and military imports) quickly evaporated and their economic problems really began.

Peter Gatrell, the author, organizes the book into 11 chapters covering: military administration, educated society and volunteer economic organizations, soldiers/workers/peasants/refugees, tsarist rule, the lack of industrial coordination, financing, food shortages, pogroms and discrimination, the Provisional Gov't, social collapse, and a final accounting. Gatrell concludes that the collapse of Tsarist gov't (compared to other belligerent nations which didn't experience revolution) was that ordinary Russians had no legitimate way to voice their protests, institute reforms, and participate more meaningfully in gov't. The result was the February and then the October Revolutions.

This is one of the very few books written about economic mobilization during WWI, and the only one I have found exclusively about the Russian experience. (About half of Gatrell's huge list of sources come from little-used Russian-language documents.) The book is well-organized, easy to read, and certainly well-documented.
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Format: Paperback
This useful and concise book is an analytically oriented survey of the social and economic history of WWI Russia. This book will be useful primarily to individuals with prior knowledge of the basic political history. An important feature of this book is Gatrell's synthesis of considerable secondary literature, much of it in Russian and unavailable to English language readers. As stated by the subtitle, Gatrell focuses on the effects of the war on Russian society and on the Russian economy. Using a somewhat chronological approach, Gatrell addresses social and economic changes at each major phase of the war from the outbreak of hostilities to the aftermath of the Bolshevik takeover. Social and demographic impacts are addressed for each strata of Russian society; the aristocracy, peasantry, urban workforce, and middle classes. There is a fairly detailed description and analysis of the economic changes and dislocations imposed by the war effort, resulting ultimately in disintegration of the economy. Unlike many historians, Gatrell makes good use of tabular data, so this book has considerably more information than its length would suggest.

Gatrell is a thoughtful and articulate analyst. A major theme of this book is the way that the events of WWI exacerbated many of the social conflicts in Russian society. The tensions between the Tsarist state and liberal-parliamentary reformers, between business interests and the state bureaucracy, and between classes were considerable exacerbated by the war, particularly with serial defeats and a failing economy. Military and economic failure, and Nicholas II's disastrous decision to assume personal responsibility ultimately discredited the regime.
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