The Last Alchemist: Count Cagliostro, Master of Magic in the Age of Reason (Paperback)

~ Iain Mccalman (Author) "COUNT GIOVANNI GIACOMO CASANOVA was bored out of his mind..." (more)
Key Phrases: maître inconnu, last alchemist, diamond necklace affair, Count Cagliostro, Saint Petersburg, San Leo (more...)

Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Cultural historian McCalman (editor, An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age) presents an enlightening account of the career of one of the most famous charlatans of the 18th century, Count Alessandro di Cagliostro. He was born poor, in 1743, in Sicily, where he began his career as a petty street thug. Setting the pattern for the rest of his life, Cagliostro was forced to flee Sicily after defrauding a local merchant. He traveled all over Europe, usually one step ahead of the authorities, spreading his brand of Freemasonry and billing himself as an alchemist and healer. Tremendously charismatic, he gained legions of followers. In Russia, he tried to convert Catherine the Great to Freemasonry, but she viewed him as politically subversive and harried him out of the country. Cagliostro's journeys finally brought him to Italy, where he was hounded as a fake by the newspapers. The amorous adventurer Casanova described Cagliostro as a fraud who fleeced the gullible. While in Italy, his wife, Seraphina, grew tired of all the traveling and the constant bad publicity, and betrayed him to the Inquisition, which, shocked by his Freemasonry and his claims to have supernatural powers, sentenced him to life in prison; he died there in 1795. McCalman's account is adeptly researched and written with a light, charming touch; as the author makes abundantly clear, the Age of Reason was also an age of mysticism and downright quackery. 26 b&w illus.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From Booklist

McCalman recounts the astounding adventures of Count Alessandro di Cagliostro, the self-proclaimed alchemist and healer who was both revered and reviled by a host of eighteenth-century celebrities. Escaping a life of poverty in his native Sicily, the savvy street urchin turned to deception on a grand scale. Traveling across Europe promoting himself and peddling an odd amalgamation of Freemasonry and mysticism, he managed one narrow escape after another until he was finally imprisoned by the Roman Inquisition in 1789. Charming and outraging monarchs, priests, artists, scientists, physicians, and courtesans with his claims of magical powers, he crossed paths with or influenced Casanova, Catherine the Great, Goethe, Marie Antoinette, Mozart, and William Blake. McCalman, a cultural historian, takes this fascinating treatment a step further by analyzing the amazing scope of the Cagliostro phenomenon in the seemingly incongruous context of Enlightenment Europe. Margaret Flanagan
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

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Product Details

• Paperback: 288 pages
• Publisher: Harper Perennial (April 13, 2004)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0060006919
• ISBN-13: 978-0060006914
• Product Dimensions: 7.8 x 5.3 x 0.8 inches
• Shipping Weight: 7.2 ounces
• Average Customer Review: 4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (13 customer reviews)
• Amazon.com Sales Rank: #286,640 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

9 of 9 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating Character of History, July 16, 2003

By	Ricky Hunter (New York City, NY United States) - See all my reviews (TOP 500 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)

This review is from: The Last Alchemist: Count Cagliostro, Master of Magic in the Age of Reason (Hardcover)

The new biography of Count Cagliostro, The Last Alchemist, is a fascinating read, the biographical equivalent of a beach book, as it were. Its author, Iain McCalman has done a commendable job of detailing all the important events in the life of this interesting product of this time. The age of enlightenment produced a bursting forth of superstitions and charlatans and the Count Cagliostro will always stand as the supreme example, achieving an immortality that would have thrilled him. His story nicely touches the lives of many other important figures of his time, such as Catherine the Great, Casanova, and many figures of pre-Revolutionary France through his invovlement in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace. The story is told well and swiftly and makes for a great read. It could have been a little longer, though, with added context, such as more information on the political situation in Russia and France or further details on Freemasonry or Rosicrucianism for example, to help the reader understand more fully the world the Count was traveling through and, often, manipulating. Still, a very interesting biography.

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Anti-Masonry and Masonic charlatans, May 25, 2004

By	David Scheffer "antiquarian mason" (Krum, TX United States) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

This book is a delightful insight into one of the most fascinating and influential periods in the history of Western Civilization. This book will be of interest and entertainment to Masons and non-Masons (even anti-Masons) alike.

Professor McCalman is a historian who delights in literary form. In his paper "Cultural History and Cultural Studies: the Linguistic Turn Five Years On" Iain McCalman tells us "Ever since a boy I have always believed intensely in the 'storyness' of life. Our world is suffused with stories. Consciously or not we use them continually to make sense of the mass of incoherent facts and sensations that immerse us."
This shows in his book "The Last Alchemist". Indeed by the fourth page of his introduction he has wasted no time to paint for us with a vivid brush of words:

"The Ballaro market that abuts Cagliostro's birthplace looks, feels, and smells like a casbah. It reminded me of parts of Cairo or even of Zanzibar: frying peanut oil, saffron, cloves, garlic, and rotting garbage. The flagstones are streaked with dust blown from North African deserts or smeared with slops tossed from windows and balconies. You have to step carefully because the tenements cast deep shadows. The paint on most of the buildings is covered in fungal-like stains. Bits of iron hold up the door frame; washing flaps on rigging strung between the houses."

The tone set and our attention grabbed, McCalman does not disappoint and continues to draw us into a very different time when a newborn Age of Reason battled with the institutions that had dominated Humanity since its beginning. A world where a common flimflam man can rise up from the gutter, lie and steal his way to prominence, and before his death help change history itself.

Which brings us to the subject of this book, one Guiseppe Balsamo who in the process of altering the history of Europe also contributed heavily to the burden still carried by the Freemasons of our modern time. That he was able to do so, we learn from McCalman, is due to a youthful mastery of chemistry and religious symbology, an intervening period of roguery and flimflam, and the social contacts earned from a job he talked his way into with the Knights Hospitalier of Saint John. McCalman runs us quickly through this period but with the benefit of his scholarship and passionate writing style we are led to understand this formative period of the man the world would later come to know as Count Cagliostro.

How does all this relate to modern Freemasonry? In a direct sense it does not relate at all - today's Masons will not find much modern Freemasonry as they read McCalman's accounts of how different Masonic lodges in different part of Europe embraced Cagliostro while repeatedly suspending their better judgements. As with all con-men Cagliostro simply plays on their greed, lust, and other flaws. Most Masons of this time were learned and successful men, interested mainly in an education and social activity unburdened by the official and social oppression of states and churches. And of course that time was no different than ours where all organizations have fringe groups. The fringe Masons of that time wanted power, were superstitious, and yearned for spiritual satisfaction through the occult. Few of them consciously considered anything they were doing was wrong or evil; most convinced themselves they were serving God.

As we read between the lines of McCalman's wonderful storytelling we begin to get a feel for what worried the governments and churches of the time. And of course what continues to concern anti-Masons to this day. Freemasonry was in fact widely used to mask the actions of men intent on founding democracies and/or societies free of tyranny in any form. The absolute rulers of that time, from Catherine of Russia to the Louis XVI of France to Pope Pious VI, all employed legions of spies and secret police to suppress that activity. Those few Masons who appealed to the occult were committing double crimes and providing an easy noose to the enforcers. Those Masons who worked more nobly for more honorable reasons succeeded in their founding of the Great Experiment that was America and their contributions were indeed observable in the replacement of Europe's aristacracies with modern democracies - those Masons we do not encounter in Cagliostro's story and indeed it is fair to assume the Count would have done his utmost to stay away from such people.

Through all these interwoven stories Iain McCalman does a masterful job gleaning from the newspaper articles, the legal papers, even the diaries and journals of the players of the time to engage us, to show us how otherwise rational men and women were easy fodder for Guiseppe Balsamo and other rogues like him. MaCalman's narration of the Affair of the Necklace, the final straw that brought on the French Revolution, reads like a fine mystery and so is particularly gripping and educational. The professor's declared fascination with Balsamo/Cagliostro is genuine and its influence on his writing clearly obvious. The Antiquarian Mason highly recommends this book to Masons and non-Masons alike.

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Scoundrel or Saint, August 2, 2003

By	C. Middleton (Australia) - See all my reviews (TOP 500 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)

This review is from: The Last Alchemist: Count Cagliostro, Master of Magic in the Age of Reason (Hardcover)

According to Spence's Encyclopaedia of the Occult, Count Cagliostro is "one of the greatest occult figures of all time."(312) In modern culture his name is synonymous with the word `magic', an honour he shares with the infamous Svengali. But who is this legendary figure that captured the attention of queens, popes, poets, mystics and men of science? The mystic and poet, William Blake, painted and wrote about the man; Catharine the Great was motivated to banish him from her realm; Mozart included him in his operatic masterpiece, The Magic Flute; Goethe despised him though claimed Cagliostro as inspiration for his epic poem, Faust. He was famous throughout Europe as a great healer - and testaments to this fact ran into the thousands. At the same time, however, he was known as one of the greatest con men that ever traversed the continent in the eighteenth century. Iain McCalman's new book about this famous though mysterious figure of the Enlightenment, gives us an entertaining and unbiased account of the man in the context of seven `ordeals' during his life.

Giuseppe Balsamo (Cagliostro) was born in Palermo, and quickly learned the ways of the street, travelling later to the exotic lands of Cairo and Alexandria, soaking in their culture, to then become a kind of servant, or donat, with the Knights Hospitallers of Saint John. It is here he was made a member of the order, allegedly learning the many secrets of the ancients. Originally he learned the basics of apothecary in his native land, but furthered his education in the grand alchemical laboratories of the order. Cagliostro was a Freemason, but more particularly a leading proponent of the Egyptian Rite of Freemasonry. As an initiated member of the powerful order of the Knights of Malta, this was his passport into the many powerful realms of Europe.

This short sketch of the man does not take a concrete position as to whether Cagliostro was a scoundrel or a saint, a black or white magician, a man of God or of the devil. McCalman gives us the story as a true journalist might when all the facts are not at their disposal. The text presents the subject in a manner that leaves it to the reader to decide on the true character of the man. To be sure, Cagliostro was the essence of contradiction - healing hundreds of people one day and scheming the next. This, of course, is what makes him fascinating. However, men of genius usually are enigmas, and as historical figures, it is the purpose of historians to discover the facts. And in a lot of cases, finding the true story is close to the impossible.

McCalman has done a fine job of presenting us with a known difficult subject, rife with myth, half-truths and innuendo, in such an entertaining, clear and instructive manner. Good reading.