The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (Paperback)

~ Professor Michael S. Sherry (Author) "Before the final battle in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, the hero's companion boasts, "We shan't have to leave our fortress, now, when..." (more)
Key Phrases: United States, Air Corps, Far East (more...)

Editorial Reviews

From Library Journal

This is undoubtedly a major contribution to the literature of World War II, especially on the evolution and application of strategic bombing. Moreover, this riveting study has a distinct significance in today's world. Sherry contends that the specter of nuclear annihilation has less to do with atomic weapons than with attitudes and rationale that evolved during the massive bombing raids of World War II. It was then that the precedent was set for engineering mass destruction. Sherry discusses strategic bombing in Europe as well as the Pacific, but it is his analysis of the fire-bomb raids on Japan that is most fascinating, weaving operational, psychological, and political factors together. A careful, well-documented study. History Book Club alternate. R. E. Bilstein, History Dept., Univ. of Houston - Clear Lake
Copyright 1987 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

Product Details

• Paperback: 435 pages
• Publisher: Yale University Press (September 10, 1989)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0300044143
• ISBN-13: 978-0300044140
• Product Dimensions: 9.8 x 6.9 x 0.8 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (6 customer reviews)
• Amazon.com Sales Rank: #716,992 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

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14 of 14 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Good, but there are flaws, August 31, 2001

By	"timdavin" (Las Vegas, NV United States) - See all my reviews

This review is from: The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (Hardcover)

The Rise of American Airpower by Michael Sherry represents the new breed of military history. This book is about the physical, organizational and technological advances which affected the United States armed forces in peace and in war. It is not a record of the battles and campaigns of World War Two. This is a cultural history which seeks to explain the rise of strategic air war. Sherry set before himself the massive task of understanding how humans could delude themselves to the point where they could seriously consider the horrors of conventional mass bombardment and later nuclear warfare as an abstract idea.
Sherry identifies three related developments which his study should address. These are the creation of the apocalyptic mentality, the creation of an apparatus for realizing that danger, and the creation of the modern nuclear dilemma. Sherry decided to limit his dealings with nuclear warfare and deal with that last issue primarily in comparison to the first two issues. What Sherry is after is an understanding of the bomber in the imagination of the American public before and during World War Two. He believes that to understand wartime developments one needs to know the story of the rise of American airpower and perception of bombers and bombing in the popular imagination. He suggests that after WWI aircraft became inextricably linked to civilian uses. Airplanes were immediately familiar in their civilian role and had practical peacetime applications. Sherry suggests that these factors resulted in the imagined use of the bomber often outpacing the practical realities of actual bombing. According to Sherry, "the warplane was created in imagination before it was invented as a practical weapon." In this way Sherry focused his study of the social and cultural history to explain the rise of American airpower.
Sherry arranged this book in a generally chronological format with ten chapters. The chapter titles almost tell the story themselves, they are "The Age of Fantasy", "The Age of Prophecy", "The Decline of Danger", "The Attractions of Intimidation", "From Intimidation to Annihilation", "The Dynamics of Escalation", " The Sociology of Air War", "The Sources of Technological Fanaticism", "The Triumphs of Technological Fanaticism", "The Persistence of Apocalyptic Fantasy". Although he occasionally deviates from a strict chronology, the primary diversion from the format is the chapter on "The Sociology of Air War". In this chapter he looks at the actors, the generals, civilian expert advocates and aircrews of the bomber forces.
In his opening chapter, "The Age of Fantasy", Sherry starts not with a direct examination of the airplane, but an examination of the popular civilian perceptions regarding technological advances in warfare during the nineteenth century. This is the base upon which his later arguments rest, and I believe that it is a solid base. Sherry notes that the airplane was "like a host of other weapons invented or imagined in the nineteenth century and celebrated for their capacity to diminish the `evils of war'." Sherry points to the writings of such well known people as Jack London and Victor Hugo as evidence of this social phenomena. In fact, as early as 1864 Hugo stated that airplanes would make armies "vanish, and with them the whole business of war, exploitation and subjugation". Others made similar claims for Tri-Nitro Tolulene (TNT), the machine-gun, and the large caliber artillery piece.
These claims and perceptions did not end with the nineteenth century, rather they accelerated prior to the First World War. Civilian theorists exaggerated the destructiveness of new weapons so that they might inflate their power to keep the peace. Sherry also draws a link between the nature of nineteenth century war and the popular perceptions. In the civilian imagination wars were short, and although bloody for a few days, relatively cheap. (The American Civil War was generally overlooked or seen as an aberration.) They took this as substantive evidence that their theories were correct. These two factors combined to lay the groundwork for consideration of air bombardment of civilian population centers. Their logic suggested that if war was inevitable, then a short war is best. The best way to have a short war is to use terrible weapons quickly and be done with the matter. With these thoughts in mind the world entered WWI.
Sherry deals only briefly with World War One, but the treatment is important. It is important not for what was learned, but for what the world did not learn from the first war involving significant numbers of aircraft. During World War One both Germany and Great Britain experimented with the first strategic bombing raids. These raids were not the result of military theories regarding civilian production and demoralization. They occurred as a series of raids then reprisals motivated by popular civilian demand for vengeance on both sides. No specific targets beyond "the enemy" were sought or targeted, hatred was the primary motive in a Europe locked in a stalemated war. The lesson that was missed was that bombing civilian population centers does not necessarily result in panic, chaos and surrender.
During the 1920's America and Europe underwent what Sherry calls "The Age of Prophecy" with regard to military aviation theory. The two most significant events of this period were the 1921 sinking of a battleship by Colonel Billy Mitchell and the 1927 solo trans-Atlantic flight by Charles Lindbergh. Sherry sees these two events as uniting to form, in the American national psyche, a positive opinion towards aircraft as expressions of individualism in the wake of mass warfare. Americans, a people that had never been bombed from the air, saw aircraft as marvelous inventions. They tied grand prophecies to the powers of these machines. Together, the effects of cultural imagination and prophecy formed in the American mind a benign image of the airplane. From that image Americans began to see the bomber in a similar light, powerful yet somehow detached from the actual horror that they could potentially inflict. Sherry claims that in this way the military theories and forces required to actually conduct a bombing campaign advanced faster than any debate on the legality or morality of doing so.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Extremely good book, October 19, 2007

By	Matthew Smith "Roger Mexico" (TN USA) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

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This book is a very comprehensive and authoritative account of the birth and the growth of the U.S. air forces. This is the best book I have read on this topic, and the work is so detailed and encompasses all aspects of the evolution of air power from the first theorists of what air warfare would entail to creation of a separate branch of the military for the Air Force to what the future may hold for this aspect of warfare.

Mr. Sherry goes into great depth writing about the philosophy behind the men who helped to create the Air Force and those who fought for it. At its beginnings it was thought (much like nuclear weapons) that this method of warfare would be so terrible, so horrific that it would force an end to all war. It was thought that an attack on a nation's capitol or major cities would cause the civilian populations to panic and flee causing economic collapse and thus quick ends to any war. Of course WWII completely eradicated this myth. Instead of a new weapon that assured no more war, air power just became a an aspect that ensures that the price of war is increased and is now paid by civilian and soldier alike.

He also chronicles the failures of combat thinking, planning and philosophy during WWII. Hundreds of thousands of people died in useless bombings that had no strategic value whatsoever and did not hasten the end of hostilities at all. The fire bombings of Japan and the Dresden bombings were examples of the needless destruction of innocent lives. Mr. Sherry details many of the fire bombings of Japan and gives the reader the Japanese (or victims) perspective of this horrible new weapon.

Mr. Sherry discusses the strategic limitations of this warfare and why it failed to bring about the surrender of the Axis powers even with the horrendous tolls it took during the war. He discusses how air power still looms as a potential disaster for all people.

This is an extremely thorough and scholarly look into all aspects of air power, and how it affects warfare and peace for every nation. It is a fascinating read and one that I felt taught me so much that I would not have gotten from any other single book. If you only read one book on air power make sure it is this one because it is the only one you will ever need.

0 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars A great look at the birth of American strategic bombing, December 14, 2008

By	Michael A Neulander "Political Philosophy" (VA) - See all my reviews (TOP 1000 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)

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This was required reading for a graduate course in the history of American military affairs. Michael Sherry's book was an examination of America's development stream of strategic airpower from pre-World War I fictional literature of H.G. Wells through the prophetic writings of aviation proponents, such as Giulio Douhet and Colonel Billy Mitchell, and through the Army Air Corps' precision bombing doctrine developed in the 1930's and used in World War II. The strength of Sherry's thesis was in how he expertly explained why leaders in the post World War I Army Air Corps (AAC) used an evolving set of doctrinal concepts; mainly in hopes of convincing political and military leaders for the need to create an autonomous Air Force. Soon after World War I, Mitchell's aviators sunk a captured German battleship to prove that battleships were no longer the preeminent offensive weapon. He also hoped it proved that bombers were the best defensive weapon America had in its arsenal to keep its shores free from enemy naval attack. In the early 1930's, the military's budget was extremely tight and the AAC was developing the new doctrine of precision daylight bombing for several reasons, according to Sherry's astute research. Aviators argued that an accurate bomber was cheap, practical and a humane weapon of war, since accurate bombers would target an enemy's war making industrial base. Besides the old coastal defense mission, accurate bombers would become America's ultimate strategic offensive weapons. The AAC strategists' best argument was that the U.S. had an incredible advantage of defense in depth since it was protected by two large oceans. Thus, "...for the foreseeable future, the United States, with probable allies abroad (especially in Europe) or bases close to likely enemies (such as the Philippines near Japan), could inflict air attack with little fear of retaliation" (53). All of these arguments buttressed the AAC's push to create an independent Air Force.

However, there were several instances where Sherry's book lacked objectivity. Brevity demands I only point out one flaw in particular. In his chapter entitled The Sources of Technological Fanaticism, Sherry made an incredibly flawed argument that American leaders and its populace were racists, which was the main reason he thought they found justification to use incendiary bombs and two nuclear bombs against the Japanese. "Most tellingly indicative of American racial passions was the persisting image of the Japanese as even more fanatical than the Germans. In the end the Germans proved the more fanatical, both in resisting through the actual invasion and dismemberment of their homeland and in treating captive populations with disciplined ferocity the Japanese could not match" (244). Sherry's naïve statement ignores the brutal fighting Americans' endured against the Japanese on Iwo Jima, Tarawa, and Guadalcanal, just to mention a few small island invasions. Nobody can prove how fanatical the Japanese would have defended their home islands had America invaded; however, based on how fiercely they defended the three aforementioned islands, chances are casualties would have been into the hundreds of thousands on both sides. In addition, Sherry's statement ignores the horrible brutality meted out to millions of Chinese, Korean, and Filipino citizens under Japan's control. I do not think anyone seriously doubts that had America developed the atomic bomb before the invasion of Normandy it would have been used against the Germans if they did not agree to unconditional surrender.

Recommended reading for anyone interested in military history, and American history.