Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution (Paperback)

by Nikki R. Keddie (Author) "The 1978-79 Revolution and its aftermath awakened for the first time in twenty-five years widespread public interest in Iran and, to a large degree, bafflement..." (more)
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Editorial Reviews

Review
"If one has only limited time to gain an appreciation of the revolutionary force of Islam in Iran, it should be spent here." Scott Armstrong, Washington Post Book World "A work of excellent scholarship and rare impartiality." John Renard, America "Keddie has a strong grasp of historical material. She displays a characteristically impressive capacity for compression and consolidation of recent historical research." Shaul Bakhash, New York Review of Books "For three decades, Nikki Keddie has been one of the most perceptive, sensitive, and insightful analysts of Iran. Providing information about a region where instant experts are the norm, Keddie's work has always been profoundly important and has had a major impact on the way Iranians think about themselves." Ahmed Rashid, author of Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia and Taliban

Product Description
In this substantially revised and expanded version of Nikki Keddie's classic work Roots of Revolution, the author brings the story of modern Iran to the present day, exploring the political, cultural, and social changes of the past quarter century. Keddie provides insightful commentary on the Iran-Iraq war, the Persian Gulf War, and the effects of 9/11 and Iran's strategic relationship with the U.S. She also discusses developments in education, health care, the arts, and the role of women.

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Product Details

• Paperback: 406 pages
• Publisher: Yale University Press (October 1, 2003)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0300098561
• ISBN-13: 978-0300098563
• Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.1 x 1.1 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds
• Average Customer Review: 3.8 out of 5 stars See all reviews (6 customer reviews)
• Amazon.com Sales Rank: #670,270 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

21 of 24 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars One of the better books about Iran, February 6, 2004

By	C. Fischer "81caleb" (USA) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

I found this to be one of the better books about Iran. It is detailed and provides insights many authors do not give. Nikki Keddie knows Iran better than most authors who have recently been published and disputes many of their findings with good reason. The book is heavy on the financial aspects of Iran and sees that as a major motivational factor regarding the revolution. Its one fault may be that to some degree fails to see the power of religion and tries to fit everything into a secular, rational, financial way of thinking rather than the emotional and reactionary responses religion can bring. It is a must read if you are truly interested in the history of Iran to the present day.

10 of 12 people found the following review helpful:

3.0 out of 5 stars Did not live up to expectations, May 31, 2006

By	Lee L. (Washington DC) - See all my reviews

As I'm writing this review in mid-2006, Iran is a country that has a great deal of influence in world affairs. Like Iraq, most people (especially Americans) would benefit from learning as much about Iran as they can.

That being said, Modern Iran should be on the reading lists of many, but it will take much more than this book to really gain an understanding of Iran. It's kind of a cheap shot to criticize a history book for not covering enough material. How could any one book adequately cover an entire country's history? I am criticizing this book largely because the amount of material left out really surprised me. Things like the Iran-Iraq war or the actual revolution itself were not covered very well at all. I feel as though I have learned from reading this book, but not as much as I should have.

For readability, I was really let down by this book. The way that Keddie presented this material was incredibly difficult for me to navigate. I read four other books from the time when I started reading Modern Iran and when I finished. I never read more than one book at once anymore, but there were four different times when I had to stop reading this book and pick up something else (and I'm a huge nerd that loves reading about this stuff in his free time, so I find this particularly troubling).

I actually felt that I came away with a better understanding of Iran from Pollack's book The Persian Puzzle. These are the only two books devoted exlusively to Iran that I have read, but the Pollack book was much easier to read and explored topics in much greater depth.

The negative aspects aside, I would still recommend this book to others. But I would recommend reading Pollack's book first.

17 of 24 people found the following review helpful:

3.0 out of 5 stars Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution, March 8, 2006

By	Michael Rubin "Middle East Quarterly" (Washington, DC) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

University of California historian Keddie published the first version of this book, titled Roots of Revolution, in 1981, and a generation of students has read her work in an effort to make sense of revolution in Iran. With Modern Iran, Keddie updates her study to take into account the Islamic Republic's first quarter century.

Modern Iran begins with a brief sweep of Iranian history. Subsequent chapters examine the rise of the Qajar dynasty in the nineteenth century; the period of upheaval and constitutional revolution at the turn of the century; and then the development of dictatorship in the twentieth century.

Keddie's narrative is lucid and generally accurate. Her account of nineteenth-century Iran provides a good, accessible guide for the non-expert, curious about modern Iran's early history. However, she replicates mistakes made in the original, as though two decades had not passed. For example, she says the Iranian telegraph system followed the British-Indian line through Iran when, in reality, the first Iranian lines predated the British effort by a decade. She repeats her assertions trumpeting the importance of the late nineteenth-century pan-Islamist reformer Jamal ad-Din "al-Afghani," without mentioning the dispute among historians over his importance.

Omission and bias then handicap the narrative as Keddie addresses events during her lifetime, that is from the 1950s on. Keddie's failure to address the Cold War context undercuts her sympathetic analysis of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh's 1951 oil industry nationalization and also her condemnation of the U.S.-supported coup two years later, which unseated Mossadegh. She glosses over the Soviet occupation of northwestern Iran and ignores Mossadegh's flirtation with the former Soviet Union and his encouragement of mob violence.

Keddie's treatment of the Islamic revolution is egregious. As Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini consolidated power, his militias executed hundreds of officials and intellectuals while Iranian newspapers carried photos of their corpses. These atrocities merit a mere four sentences. Keddie presents the multi-billion dollar Foundation of the Dispossessed, formed from the confiscated fortunes of the shah's family and many supporters, as an economic engine akin to the Peace Corps, never mentioning its corruption or its crushing of labor unions. Keddie also ignores the foundation's role in financing Hizbullah.

Much of her political analysis is wrong-headed, even dishonest. She terms President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989-97) a pragmatist who sought to promote technocrats and calls his five-year economic plans "successful," despite the brain drain, unemployment, and corruption that characterized his administration. She also omits mention of Rafsanjani's role in Iran's covert nuclear program or his threatened first use of an atomic bomb against Israel. She is likewise sympathetic to current "reformist" president Mohammad Khatami despite his failure to implement any substantive reform and his silence in the wake of crackdowns against democrats and dissidents. When Keddie speaks of "new independence for girls and women," she forgets to note that, unlike the women in other Middle Eastern countries, those in Iran are fighting to regain rights they once had.

Keddie concludes by juxtaposing Iran's recent "pragmatic and realistic" policy with the "ideological and threatening" stance of the United States. The increasingly frequent anti-Islamic Republic demonstrations taking place in Iran, coupled with voter turnout of less than 10 percent in many provinces in this year's parliamentary elections, suggests that many Iranians have a different view of the results of the Islamic Revolution.

Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2004