The Little Book That Beats the Market (Little Books. Big Profits) (Hardcover)

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Key Phrases: magic formula strategy, gum shops, high earnings yield, Jason's Gum Shops, General Motors, Johnson Smith (more...)

Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Contrary to efficient-market naysayers, this engaging investment primer contends that ordinary stock-market investors can indeed get better-than-market returns over the long haul. Greenblatt (You Can Be a Stock Market Genius), a Columbia Business School adjunct professor, touts a "value-oriented" approach that looks for bargain stocks whose share price is cheap relative to the company's profitability. His version is a "magic formula" that ranks stocks on the basis of two variables—the earnings yield and the business's return on capital. His Web site, magicformulainvesting.com, virtually automates the procedure for novices. Greenblatt offers lots of statistical proof of the formula's success, but emphasizes the importance of faith in seeing the investor through inevitable short-term downturns: "It will be your belief in the overwhelming logic of the magic formula that will make the formula work for you in the long run." He conveys his ideas through a lucid if rudimentary and rather corny explanation of basic investment concepts about risk, return, interest and business valuation. Although the fabulous returns he touts seem too good to be true, Greenblatt's formula is a reasonable variant of mainstream value-investing methods. Investors seeking a little more hands-on excitement than the average mutual fund offers won't go too far wrong following his advice. (Jan.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review

"...a sharply written, anecdote-rich, easy to understand investing strategy". (Wall Street Journal, August 7, 2006)

"...a rare worthy edition to humanity's investing know-how". (SmartMoney, May 5, 2006)

There's certainly no dearth of advice on investment. The best-seller lists are full of books on how to be a successful investor "in only 15 minutes a week", on how to become an "automatic" millionaire, and about how to invest if you're "young, fabulous and broke".
The best book on the subject in years is value investor Joel Greenblatt's The Little Book That Beats the Market, which is still a top seller months after its release. Beyond the credibility that comes from someone whose private investment partnership, Gotham Capital, has produced 40 per cent a year returns over the past 20 years, Mr Greenblatt brings an elegant and simple writing style to what can be a complicated subject.
He outlines a "magic formula", based on how he invests, that anyone can use. The formula has only two inputs, a company's earnings yield and its return on capital. The rationale is straightforward: buy shares in good businesses, measured by returns on capital, only when they're available at bargain prices, defined as a high earnings yield.
The magic formula looks for companies that have the best combination of earnings yield and return on capital, with each input weighed equally. An outstanding company with an expensive stock ranked, say, first for return on capital but 1,999th on earnings yield, would have the same combined ranking of 2,000 as a low return on capital company within expensively priced shares, ranking 1,999th in return on capital but first on earnings yield.
Using this approach to create a regularly updated portfolio of about 30 stocks with the highest combined rankings, Mr Greenblatt tested his formula between 1988 and 2004. The results were remarkable: with only one down year, the magic portfolio would have returned 30.8 per cent a year, against a 12.4 percent annual return for the S&P 500.
Rather than using the latest 12 months' earnings to calculate earnings yield and return on capital, Mr Greenblatt and his analysts try to improve on the rote application of this formula by using earnings estimates in a "normal" year, one in which nothing unusual is happening within the  company, its industry or the overall economy.
Mr Greenblatt has created a free website for screening stocks based on his approach (www.magicformulainvesting.com). In a recent screen I carried out on the site of the top 100 magic formula companies with market capitalizations above Dollars 2bn, the top 10companies ranked by market cap were Exxon Mobil (XOM), Microsoft (MSFT), Pfizer (PFE), Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), IBM (IBM), Intel (INTC), Conoco Phillips (COP), Dell (DELL), 3M (MMM) and Motorola (MOT). Now that's an impressive group of companies.
I own one of them(Microsoft) in my portfolio. Given how sceptical I am about the tech sector, owning this is a real leap for me but this is a fantastic business and the stock is attractively priced. Microsoft has a dominant franchise, some of the most jaw-dropping economic characteristics ever achieved, capable, honest, shareholder-friendly management, and unlike most technology companies, reasonably predictable future prospects.
I am optimistic about Microsoft's future prospects for a number of reasons. The company will be releasing in the next year significant upgrades of its two cash cows, Windows and Office. Historically, these events have been big and highly profitable events for Microsoft.
Yes, Microsoft's days of ultra-high growth are over, inevitable for a company with Dollars 40bn in annual revenues. But it is highly likely the company will grow substantially faster than the S&P 500 for many years to come and that its fabulous economic characteristics will remain largely intact.
At a recent price of Dollars 27, Microsoft, after adjusting for the company's cash hoard, is trading at under 17 times earnings estimates for this calendar year.
I don't claim this is screaming cheap but it is close to the lowest p/e multiple the stock has ever traded at and is, I believe, an attractive price for a company of its quality and bright future.
You might wonder if Mr Greenblatt is concerned that popularising his strategy will mean it will stop working. "Traditional value investing strategies have worked for years and years and everyone's known about them," he says. "They continue to work because it is hard for people to do, for two main reasons. First, the companies that show up on the screens can be scary and not doing so well, so people find them difficult to buy.
Second, there can be one-, two- or three-year periods when a strategy such as this doesn't work. Most people aren't capable of sticking it out through that."—Whitney Tilson is a money manager who co-edits Value Investor Insight and co-founded the Value Investing Congress. (Financial Times, April 24, 2006)

"...an entertaining two-hour read" (Daily Telegraph, April 2006)

"...the book unquestionably makes good on its promises." (SmartMoney, March 2006)

Joel Greenblatt's The Little Book That Beats the Market is pitched not to the swells of Wall Street but to the novice individual investor.
Greenblatt, the founder of hedge fund firm Gotham Capital, has taken what he has learned about investing and written this skinny, pocket-size book.
His goal: to explain how to make money in terms that even his five kids could understand. "I figured if I could teach them how to make money for themselves, then I would be giving them a great gift."
Greenblatt, a Columbia Business School professor and an investor for 25 years, says, "I believe I can teach you (and each of my children) to be one of them" — meaning, a successful investor.
The Little Book That Beats the Market is simple and sincere; Andrew Tobias, author of The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need, writes the introduction.
The formula works if you have faith and are patient enough to follow his guidance — over time, Greenblatt says.
Greenblatt's formula is based on Warren Buffett's investment principles: Invest in good companies when they are cheap.
According to Greenblatt, his formula historically has beaten the market for nearly two decades. Although he does not name the stocks, he claims that from 1988 through 2004, the high-return/low-price stocks of 30 of the largest 2,500 companies had returns of 22.9% annually.
Simple enough. But how do you find these stocks? "The truth is you don't need an MBA to beat the market," he writes.
But there's no fairy godmother on Wall Street. "If your stockbroker is like the vast majority, he or she has no idea how to help you! They don't get paid to make you money. The plain fact is you are on your own." That said, you have no business investing in individual stocks on your own, he says.
His magic formula promise: "If you just stick to buying good companies (ones that have a high return on capital) and to buying those companies only at bargain prices (at prices that give you a high earnings yield), you can achieve investment returns that beat the pants off even the best investment professionals."
He has a free (for now) website, www.magicformulainvesting.com, which screens companies using his criteria. He advises individual investors to buy a basket of 20 or 30 top stocks over the course of a year and turn them over on a strict schedule, depending on how they perform. He does not mention a minimum amount to invest.
Be forewarned, though. The formula may or may not work over "shorter" periods, which can often mean years, not days or months. Good things come to those who wait and, in this case, Greenblatt means that it takes three, four or even five years to show its stuff. After a year or two of performing worse than the market averages, most people won't stick with it. But you've got to "really believe in it deep down in your bones."
Even if you don't drink the Kool-Aid, you will learn about the technique of value investing from a pro. Greenblatt boils investment jargon down to what you need to know as succinctly and humorously as possible. Along the way — and it won't take you more than two hours tops — you're given a tutorial on bonds, stock shares and prices, earnings yields, return on capital and more. The appendix, which is "not required reading," adds a more detailed, strategic commentary.
It might be hard for less-schooled investors to understand why the "magic" formula makes sense and to stay with it when things get bleak, but the hard part is just getting started, he counsels. That's true for investing, period. (USA Today, January 16, 2006)

“Greenblatt delivers admirably…it contains one of the clearest, most entertaining explanations you’ll ever see of the ideas underlying value investing.” (International Herald Tribune, 16^th January 2006)

Hedge fund manager and Columbia University business school professor Joel Greenblatt has written a delightful volume called The Little Book that Beats the Market (Wiley) that anyone who takes his personal investing seriously should read. Greenblatt starts his slim volume with an uncommonly elegant explanation -- written for his children -- of how to value stocks. He argues that any investor can achieve higher-than-average returns by investing solely in companies with a high earnings yield and high return on equity. The book's biggest flaw is Greenblatt's use of cute, over-hyped language. He calls his approach to stock picking a "magic formula" and acts certain his strategy will continue to beat the market even now that everybody knows about it. (The Washington Post, December 25, 2005)

“a marvellously clear explanation of the value investing approach” (Financial Times (also on FinancialNetnews.com) 10th December 2005)

“The...

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Hardcover: 176 pages
• Publisher: Wiley (November 19, 2005)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0471733067
• ISBN-13: 978-0471733065
• Product Dimensions: 7.1 x 5.1 x 0.9 inches
• Shipping Weight: 8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (211 customer reviews)
• Amazon.com Sales Rank: #1,439 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

171 of 184 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent! A Must Read for Every Investor, December 23, 2005

By	Value Investor (New York, NY) - See all my reviews

As a portfolio manager at a large New York based hedge fund I have read more investment books than I care to admit. With that being said, The Little Book That Beat the Market is the first book I have felt compelled to review on Amazon (of course, I am not really going out on a limb recommending a book that legendary investor Michael Price describes as "One of the most important investment books of the last 50 years.")

Professor Greenblatt's first book, You Can Be a Stock Market Genius, is widely regarded as the seminal text on special situations investing and the strategies contained in the book are employed by multiple hedge funds and investment professional. While I recommend Stock Market Genius to anyone who has the time and desire to analyze stocks in detail (at least 3 hours a week) I highly recommend The Little Book That Beat the Market to ALL investors of ALL ages and to ANYONE who wants to understand how businesses create value.

The beauty of the Little Book is a follows:

1) It is simple
2) It works
3) Most investment professionals cannot follow the Little Book's strategy and that makes this strategy one of the only instances where small investors have a HUGE advantage over professionals.
4) The people who have recommended this book are some of the most successful investors in the history of Wall Street (myself excluded, maybe someday!)

1) It is Simple
While some of the reviews on Amazon have argued that the Little Book is too simply, I completely disagree. The reason this book is great is that it takes a very complicated subject matter (investment success) and makes it simple and easy to understand. Bottom line, I don't really care if something is difficult or easy, if I can use it to make money I like it. The fact that the Little Book works AND it is easy, is really the best of both worlds.

2) It Works
The actual results of the Little Book describe in the book are astonishing. While I agree with others that reproducing the exact results of Professor Greenblatt's study is difficult for non-professionals, using Compustats real-time database gets remarkably close to the results described in the book and detailed on his web site.

However, what I find to be more valuable than the results themselves is Professor Greenblatt's explanation on why the formula works. Yes, everyone wants to buy cheap stocks but understanding how to distinguish between which cheap stocks are just cheap and which are good businesses worth owning is critical to investment success. While these concepts might not be entirely new (Warren Buffett writes about them annually), never before have I seen them described so completely and simply in one place.

3) Most Professionals Can't Follow Strategy
Most investors (especially hedge funds) are monitored closely on yearly, quarterly and monthly performance. For a hedge fund, having stable monthly numbers is considered critical to attracting new capital and preventing redemptions. Despite the fact that the Magic Formula has excellent long-term performance (30% annually over 17 years) the monthly volatility (down 5 out of every 12 months on average) makes it impossible for most hedge funds and professional investors to follow strictly without fear of investor redemptions. As a hedge fund manager I plan on incorporating the concepts of the Little Book into my investing but I am establishing a fund for my children that will invest strictly based on Professor Greenblatt's Magic Formula.

4) Recommended by Highly Successful Investors
As I stated above, I am not really putting myself out on a limb recommending a book written by Professor Greenblatt (his 20 year track record of 40% annual returns speaks for itself) and endorsed by Michael Price, Andrew Tobias, Professor Bruce Greenwald, Michael Steinhardt, the Wall Street Journal and the Financial Times.

With that being said, I highly recommend The Little Book that Beat the Market and believe it is a great read for anyone interested in investing and business. FYI, other investing books I highly recommend are The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America edited by Lawrence Cunningham; The Intelligent Investor, by Benjamin Graham; Margin of Safety by Seth A. Klarman; Value Investing with the Masters by Kirk Kazanjian and Money Ball by Michael Lewis.

36 of 36 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Has Greenblatt discovered a "magic formula"?, August 15, 2006

By	Andrew J. Szabo "greenwichfinancial" (Greenwich, CT) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

Joel Greenblatt's Little Book That Beats the Market (John Wiley, just released; $19.95), offers what the author says is a "magic formula" for success in the stock market. Such a phrase may arouse your skepticism, as it did mine, but let's look into the claim.

Joel Greenblatt founded and is a managing partner of Gotham Capital, a hedge fund that, according to reports, achieved a 50% annualized return [before payment of an incentive allocation] during the ten years (1985-1995) that it was open to outside investors. This kind of record certainly merits attention. Greenblatt, it's safe to say, has gotten rich.

Greenblatt's formula is based on only two measures: earnings yield and return on capital. These numbers are not hard to obtain. Greenblatt defines earnings yield as EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) divided by enterprise value. Enterprise value equals a company's stock market capitalization plus debt plus preferred shares minus cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet. Return on capital he defines as EBIT divided by the sum of net fixed assets (total assets minus depreciation to date) plus net working capital (current assets minus current liabilities).

One weakness of Greenblatt's presentation is the use of earnings as a measure. I prefer to look at a company's free cash flow (after subtraction of capital expenditures) rather than EBIT. Earnings are susceptible to a greater degree of manipulation than cash flow.

Second, the book does little to elucidate the qualitative measures that go into Greenblatt's investment process. Which businesses have a sustainable advantage? How do you identify growth? On the other hand, Greenblatt lays out a testable hypothesis--a real merit.

If you are interested in pursuing Greenblatt's idea's further, I recommend you visit his Website on MagicFormulaInvesting. At that site, you define a minimum capitalization size and a target number of stocks for your portfolio. The magic formula spits out a suggested investment set. A good number of the selections at present are in the areas of pharmaceuticals and technology.

Greenblatt presents some impressive numbers illustrating the back-tested historical results of his approach. These are, as the saying goes, no guarantee of future performance. The more money that follows Greenblatt's approach, the less it will return, over time. However, since Greenblatt's approach has a rational basis, you might also see a more rational allocation of capital to investments, which could reduce their volatility. By the same token, one rarely sees bargains anymore of the sort that Benjamin Graham outlined in Security Analysis (1st ed., 1934)--whereby companies could be bought for less than their net current assets--and the market is better for it. In that sense, financial theory is right in predicating that there is no "money machine" that markets--that is to say, competing investors--will not seek to arbitrage away.

Andrew Szabo
(Greenwich Financial Management)

40 of 41 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Fantastic contribution for the average investor, January 4, 2006

By	M. Klein "mike_in_ca" (Palo Alto, CA USA) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

After reading all the reviews here that span the entire range from totally worthless to the best investment book ever written, I felt compelled to add this. I work on my own investments full time, have read over 25 related books including the classics, and always felt there was still a big void where the average investor was concerned... the one targeted by what I feel are unscrupulous marketing campaigns to separate them from their money. As one example, David Swensen, the Yale Chief Investment Officer in charge of the Yale endowment, recently wrote: "The mutual-fund industry sits at the center of a massive market failure. The asymmetry between sophisticated institutional providers of investment management services and unsophisticated individual consumers results in a monumental transfer of wealth from individual to institution."

Greenblatt is a very experienced and successful long-term investor who knows what he is doing in this profession. He did not write this book for his peers. If you are managing money, you have your own methods, and if successful you are not about to change them. That's not Greenblatt's intent. His intent is clearly to try to brush away some of the excessive complexity and confusion and outright fraud that has been foisted on the general investing public ever since Modern Finance rose to prominence and investment firms' marketing departments, not their investment results, became their sales drivers.

What Greenblatt has accomplished in just over 100 pages is:

1) An understandable explanation of what one useful way to identify a quality business is (ROIC)

2) An easy way to identify how to buy such a company at a good price

3) How to manage a real portfolio with this strategy

4) How to remove emotion and poor judgment from the investor's actions

5) A short introduction to the statistical historical performance of this strategy, mentioning the typical pitfalls of data mining and backtesting and how he avoided them

None of these topics, especially the more technical ones, are treated in such detail that the intended reader would be confused or turned off by it. This could certainly be seen as a negative for some (but a positive for most, I would venture). It might be better to have these in gory detail in an appendix or on the web site. Here's hoping such information appears, and this is the only reason I did not give the book 5 stars.

I would especially like to highlight the importance of 3) and 4) listed above. It's one thing to come up with a list of stock picks. It's entirely another thing to translate that to managing a portfolio where buy and sell decisions need to be made. Eliminating emotion and judgment (which, for most investors, are usually their biggest causes of failure) is a very important part of this strategy and is the reason behind buying all the stocks (no analysis allowed) and the strict one-year hold period. Sure, it would be great to let your winners run and losers be cut, but that introduces judgment, and most investors will fail if so.

When reading these reviews, the reader should firmly keep in mind who the intended audience is. It's not the investing professional, not the quant, not the day trader. It's your average person of average intelligence who wants to do better at investing their assets than the other options that are practical for them (most of which are rather poor). This is the first book I have ever read that gives this average person the confidence to do that through specific methods that are easy to follow. I plan on giving a copy to at least half a dozen family members and encouraging them to use the method.