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Symbols, Impossible Numbers, and Geometric Entanglements: British Algebra through the Commentaries on Newton's Universal Arithmetick
 
 
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Symbols, Impossible Numbers, and Geometric Entanglements: British Algebra through the Commentaries on Newton's Universal Arithmetick (Paperback)

by Helena M. Pycior (Author)
Key Phrases: François Viète, conic sections, mean proportional, Geometric Entanglements, Universal Arithmetick, The Key (more...)
3.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (1 customer review)

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Editorial Reviews

Review
"In her book Symbols, Impossible Numbers, and Geometric Entanglements, Helena Pycior paints a novel picture of British mathematical development in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. She has brought together much interesting material whose implications will interest scholars for years to come." Joan L. Richards, Isis

"This remarkable book describes the history of the development of British algebra in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries (early modern algebra), focusing on attention on the constitution of algebraic language." Massimo Galuzzi, Mathematical Reviews

Product Description
Symbols, Impossible Numbers, and Geometric Entanglements is the first history of the development and reception of algebra in early modern England and Scotland. Not primarily a technical history, this book analyzes the struggles of a dozen British thinkers to come to terms with early modern algebra, its symbolical style, and negative and imaginary numbers. Professor Pycior uncovers these thinkers as a "test-group" for the symbolic reasoning that would radically change not only mathematics but also logic, philosophy, and language studies. The book also shows how pedagogical and religious concerns shaped the British debate over the relative merits of algebra and geometry. The first book to position algebra firmly in the Scientific Revolution and pursue Newton the algebraist, it highlights Newton's role in completing the evolution of algebra from an esoteric subject into a major focus of British mathematics. Other thinkers covered include Oughtred, Harriot, Wallis, Hobbes, Barrow, Berkeley, and MacLaurin.

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

  • Paperback: 344 pages
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1 edition (November 2, 2006)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0521027403
  • ISBN-13: 978-0521027403
  • Product Dimensions: 8.7 x 6 x 0.9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 3.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (1 customer review)
  • Amazon.com Sales Rank: #2,862,021 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars Symbols, Impossible Numbers, and Geometric Entanglements, April 25, 2008
By Sam Adams (Minnesota. USA) - See all my reviews
The author begins her introduction with the words: "As a history of algebra in England and Scotland from the early seventeenth century to the mid-eighteenth century, this book considers not only technical algebra but also the personal, philosophical, religious, and institutional factors that affected the introduction, elaboration, and reception of the subject." (p. 1)

The following algebra texts are discussed in this book:
Girolamo Cardano - The Great Art (Ars magna) - 1545
Francois Viete - Introduction to the Analytic Art - 1591
William Oughtred - The Key of the Mathematicks - 1631, 1647
Thomas Harriot - Praxis (Artis analyticae praxis) - 1631
Rene Descartes - Geometrie - 1637
Johann Rahn w/John Pell - Algebra - 1659, 1668
John Kersey - Algebra - 1673
John Wallis - Treatise of Algebra - 1685
Isaac Newton - Universal Arithmetick - 1707
Nicholas Saunderson - Elements of Algebra - 1740
Colin MacLaurin - Treatise of Algebra - 1748

The author also discusses views concerning algebra or mathematics by Thomas Hobbes, Isaac Barrow, and George Berkeley. The main concerns and disagreements seem to have been around the status (epistemological, ontological, or otherwise) of negative and imaginary numbers, as well as the relative standings of geometry and algebra within the realm of mathematics.

A reader wishing to know how algebra was presented within these various texts - in other words, what the algebra textbooks of the period looked like, what notation was used, how proofs were presented, what topics were included, and so forth - will need to look elsewhere. The author's main concern seems to be the controversies surrounding negative and imaginary numbers and the struggle of algebra to find respectability in the face of geometry.

The following books are available from amazon.

Cardano - The Rules of Algebra: (Ars Magna)

Viete- The Analytic Art

Thomas Harriot - Artis Analyticae Praxis: An English Translation with Commentary

Descartes - Geometry

For a look at what algebra was going to become in England during the early nineteenth century, see
Thomas Peacock's 1830 Treatise on Algebra -

Treatise on Algebra, Volume I: Arithmetical Algebra

A Treatise on Algebra, Volume II: On Symbolical Algebra, and Its Applications to the Geometry of Position

A century later, in 1930, B. L. Van Der Waerden published the enormously influential:

Algebra: Volume I

Algebra, Volume II

And then in 1941, Garrett Birkhoff and Saunders Mac Lane published:

A Survey of Modern Algebra
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