The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland's Century, 1590 to 1710 (Paperback)

by David Stevenson (Author) "The evidence relating to the emergence of modern freemasonry is complex, confusing, and often fragmentary..." (more)
Key Phrases: general warden, youngest mason, masonic catechisms, William Schaw, Old Charges, Sir Robert Moray (more...)

Editorial Reviews

Review
"...a work of creative scholarship flavoured by exceptional candour and gusto...makes an important contribution to the movement among historians which is rescuing pre-Union Scotland from its reputation for near-savage backwardness, and showing how deep were the roots of Enlightenment in the country's culture. London Review of Books

Product Description
Freemasonry has always been a highly controversial movement. Yet in spite of the vast literature that has been produced on the subject, its origins have remained obscure. David Stevenson demonstrates that the real origins of the essentials of modern freemasonry lie in Scotland around 1600, when the system of lodges was created by Stonemasons. With rituals and secrets blending medieval mythology with a number of late Renaissance intellectual influences, a movement was created that was to spread through England, across Europe, and then around the world.

Product Details

• Paperback: 263 pages
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press (September 28, 1990)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0521396549
• ISBN-13: 978-0521396547
• Product Dimensions: 8.9 x 6 x 0.6 inches
• Shipping Weight: 11.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.8 out of 5 stars See all reviews (9 customer reviews)
• Amazon.com Sales Rank: #380,359 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

98 of 99 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars At Last! Some Factual Pre-1717 Masonic History!, May 30, 2000

By	Bernhard W. Hoff "benhoff" (NJ United States) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

The question of Freemasonry's origins and history prior to the establishment of the Grand Lodge of England in 1717 is such a morass of speculation, supposition, and wishful thinking that professional historians - Stevenson included - feel the need to justify their researches in this subject lest they be tainted by its disrepute among their fellows. Against such a background this book really stands out. Stevenson bases his research on actual records of almost a hundred Scottish Masonic lodges that date from the 1600's, along with municipal records, other guilds' records, diaries, and royal statutes.

What emerges from this mass of information is a compelling story of the origin of Scottish Lodges as trade associations established by royal decree in the late 1590's and their development by 1710 into mutual benefit and social societies involving a broader range of members. Stevenson's most important finding, established early in the book, is that both before and after the establishment of the Lodges, masons were also members of municipally chartered, or incorporated, building trades guilds along with carpenters, wrights, and the detested cowans or unskilled laborers. The Lodges, in essence, were parallel and competing organizations with the municipal "Incorporations", of which the masons were also members. Stevenson illustrates the power struggles between the Lodges and the "Incorporations", as well as the search for influence on the part of various noble patrons. Along the way we get a good look at the frequently theorized, but never well documented transition from operative to speculative membership (it did not happen the way you might think!). Stevenson covers such topics as initiation practices (both Masonic and other), the "Mason Word", the number and names of the degrees, the development of the Master Mason degree, and the frequency, content, and location of meetings. There is an interesting and illustrative biography of an early gentleman Freemason, Robert de Moray. Stevenson also proposes a curious and rarely considered source for much of the ritual and symbolism. Many Freemasons will probably enjoy comparing the ritual as worked in their jurisdictions with the Scottish material from the late 1600's that Stevenson discloses.

All is not lost, however, for those who prefer to see Masonic origins in ancient Egypt, the Knights Templar, the Commacine Masters, or other more romantic sources. Stevenson does not claim to have the whole story of Masonic origins. He wonders himself why William Schaw, the Director of Works under King James I, wanted to "re-establish" Lodges of stonemasons (complete with esoteric practices) in competition with the existing building guilds. Stevenson freely admits that the oldest evidence of Freemasonry, those fascinating documents called the "Old Charges", are English in origin. The only claim he makes on behalf of Scotland is that it was there and in that century that whatever Freemasonry was in 1590 took root and developed into the fraternity that we might recognize as Freemasonry today. Hence the title "The Origins of Freemasonry - Scotland's Century". Stevenson has firmly nailed down this corner of the puzzle of Masonic history. All future authors on the subject must insure that their theories fit his facts. I highly recommend this book to all Freemasons and anyone interested in their history. Too bad I cannot award six stars...

49 of 50 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Solid, sober, sensible history using real primary sources., September 20, 1999

By A Customer

This book is the only work on the origins of Freemasonry I have ever seen that ignores the movement's vast myth-making literature and focuses instead on the surviving records of the earliest known masonic lodges. Stevenson--who teaches history at the University of St. Andrews--paints a solid, sober, believable portrait of Freemasonry's rather prosaic origins in the operative masonic lodges of early 17th-century Scotland.

His study is a welcome and refreshing antidote to all the junk that has been written about Freemasonry in the past three centuries. It explodes Masonic authors' extravagant claims for an origin in ancient civilizations and possession of powerful supernatural secrets. It also undermines anti-Masonic authors' equally bizarre accusations of pacts with supernatural forces of evil. It replaces these fanciful images with the story of a remarkable human institution whose recent, humble, workaday origins are far more interesting than its myths.

If you only read one book about Freemasonry in your lifetime, this is the book to read.

28 of 29 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars An historic perspective (by a non-mason), March 10, 2002

By	Pohl Michael (Singapore, Singapore) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

Prof. Stevenson, a non-mason, has stumbled upon freemasonry while specialising in the history of the Scottish covenanters. He adds academic structure and his formidable historic knowledge to the unwritten part of Scottish masonry, - an oral tradition of memorized texts and a rich variety of lodge rituals, -way before George I's (a Hanoverian who spoke no English) attempt in 1717 to create a system of control by establishing the Grand Lodge of England. Mr. Stevenson may be forgiven for not understanding masonic imagery, however he has given us a well presented insight into Scottish masonry. His impressive work sets new standards in masonic history, based on verifiable and reproducable evidence rather than on wishful thinking. A highly recommendable book.