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16 of 22 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars
Well-Written and Interesting, but Flawed on Moral Issues, January 17, 2001
Allen's second volume addressing facts, history, and morality in the Bible is interesting and well-written, with an eminently compassionate, reasonable perspective. However, it does contain some noteworthy stumbles in his approach.In addition to numerous mini-essays on morality and the human condition (all thoughtful and well worth reading), Allen takes aim at fundamentalism to expose the flaws and fallacies in fundamentalist reasoning, as illustrated by the Bible itself. However, this is a hit-and-miss endeavor because he attacks fundamentalism on two fronts, only one of which is firmly supported by reason and logic. He addresses aspects of the Bible which can be loosely grouped into two categories: "logical impossibilities" (such as "The earth is flat," "You can eat any flying creatures with four legs," "This city will be conquered 20 years after it's destroyed") and "moral impossibilities" ("God orders the murder of thousands of innocent women and children captives.") On the logical impossibilities, Allen is on firm ground: theologians and biblical scholars have long discussed the number of contradictions, scientific and historical errors, and outright falsehoods sprinkled throughout the Bible-which have no effect on its overall moral message, I might add. Even within the framework of the Bible's own statements, many contradictions and impossibilities exist (ranging from counting and name errors to faulty references to other books of the Bible), which Allen addresses in a clear and lucid manner. The fundamentalist perspective has no real recourse but to ignore such blatant discrepancies and pretend the logical flaws and inconsistencies simply don't exist. When he discusses what I call "moral impossibilities," however, he enters much shakier territory. These are sections and passages of the Bible in which God is portrayed as so capricious, so unjust, so pointlessly vengeful and violent, that Allen cannot accept this depiction as true; therefore, he concludes, the Bible must contain errors and falsehoods that have portrayed the real, loving, just God incorrectly. In taking this stance, Allen has committed the Argument from Personal Incredulity error (as well as the either-or fallacy of assuming only two possibilities exist). His reasoning boils down to: "If the Bible is literally true in these sections, then God is unthinkably awful, and I can't accept that, so the Bible [and the fundamentalists] must be in error." This is one of the weakest attacks on fundamentalism you can make; it is unsupported by the rules of reason or logic, and Allen does no service to the skeptic's cause by framing his argument in this manner. He also ignores other possibilities: For example, the humanist conclusion would be that such a god, if he exists, is not worthy of worship. Other possibilities abound: That God has changed his attitude over time; that God is insane; that God is, in fact, evil, and the *positive* depictions of him are the ones in error; etc., etc. (Allen's reasoning on these points also includes the assumption that *of course* a perfectly wise, just, and compassionate God exists, so any portrayal that shows him to be otherwise must be in error. In other words, Allen is guilty of a little "My perspective cannot be contradicted" fundamentalism of his own here.) Allen is (was) a talented writer with a strong sense of justice, compassion, and morality. He is on target with his criticisms of the fundamentalist stance that ignore the logical impossibilities of the Bible. He's a clear thinker overall, and bible scholars and skeptics alike would benefit from reading this and his previous book on the subject. However, his take on the "moral impossibilities" (as he sees them) stems from personal preference, not reason and logic. While I applaud most of his moral and ethical positions, I believe Allen made a serious mistake in pretending that his conclusions about the Bible's moral flaws are as rational and inevitably logical as his criticisms of the logical flaws.
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