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The Army and Creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, 1910-1926 (Tauris Academic Studies - Library of Modern Middle East Studies, 11)
 
 
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The Army and Creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, 1910-1926 (Tauris Academic Studies - Library of Modern Middle East Studies, 11) (Hardcover)

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Key Phrases: rebel gendarmes, ooo tumans, gendarme officers, Riza Khan, Sayyid Ziya, Government Gendarmerie (more...)
3.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)


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Product Description

In 1921 Riza Khan, a colonel in the Iranian Cossack Brigade, rode on Tehran and, in a military coup that was to change Iran's destiny, took power. Appropriating the state-building objectives of Iranian constitutionalism and nationalism, Riza Khan embarked on the task of constructing a strong, modern, centralized state at the heart of which lay a new national army. Ruthless and cunning, he used the emergent military and political institutions to crush both civilian and military opposition, and in 1926 crowned himself Shah of Iran. But in the construction of his army Riza Khan relied upon the material bequeathed to him by the reform efforts of the late nineteenth century and the constitutional revolution. This unique book - the first to discuss in detail the way in which the modern Iranian army was created - puts the rise of Riza Shah into sorely needed historical context and outlines, in a careful analysis of the way in which Riza ensured the army over civil institutions such as parliament and the provincial authorities, the military roots of monarchical dictatorship in Iran.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 224 pages
  • Publisher: I. B. Tauris (March 15, 1997)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1860641059
  • ISBN-13: 978-1860641053
  • Product Dimensions: 8.6 x 5.5 x 1.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 3.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)
  • Amazon.com Sales Rank: #2,879,281 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

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Stephanie Cronin
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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars The Army and the Creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, July 31, 2001
Why has Iran fared so much worse than Turkey in the twentieth century? Absolute monarchy and Islamic revolution stunted political development in the Iranian case, oil exports held its economy hostage, class and ethnic differences seem only to worsen with the passage of time. In contrast, while Turkey has had its share of tribulations, it has gradually become more democratic, wealthy, and stable.

Cronin offers an original and provocative thesis for this difference by contrasting Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), founder of Turkey's modern state, with Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878-1944), founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. The two contemporaries both rose to the top of their respective military establishments and displayed severely authoritarian outlooks. Both faced crises in the aftermath of World War I. But Atatürk had a solid grounding in Western ways, which led him ultimately to seek a legal basis for the Turkish Republic, to keep the military out of politics, foster secularism, and encourage political participation. In contrast, the "patrimonial monarchy" established by his Iranian counterpart "possessed none of these positive features." Interesting, but a bit strong: Reza Shah emulated Atatürk in many respects, including his secularism, and the Iranian military has stayed more scrupulously outside of politics than the Turkish.

In the course of her illuminating detective work to piece together the army's history in the crucial years around World War I, Cronin ventures to speculate that had Reza Shah's rival, the British-trained Colonel Muhammad Taqi Khan Paysan, won power, "Iran might have followed a path closer to that of Turkey under Kemal, building more solid institutions and achieving greater stability."

Middle East Quarterly, Sept 1997

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