Polyphenols are chemicals found in many plants. Polyphenols are usually antioxidants that can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Polyphenols include tannins, lignins, and flavonoids. Many polyphenols have anti-obesity activities and are beneficial for weight loss. Aging and obesity may lead to inflammatory and oxidative conditions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are also important pathological factors in obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Polyphenol extracts from fruits and herbs such as apples and green tea can inhibit inflammation, lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels, and reduce risks of heart diseases. These natural antioxidants can be used as dietary supplements without evident adverse effects. The latest discoveries and studies of cellular and molecular mechanisms of such polyphenols suggest that they can be potential agents for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases.
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“Recent studies have elucidated the possible effects of… for weight loss. For example, … has been found to reduce dietary lipid absorption in humans… Supplementation with … stopped diet-induced obesity. …treatment also showed a positive effect on improving mood. Short-term treatment has been found to reverse preexisting high-fat-induced metabolic pathologies in obese subjects. In the long-term, … treatment can inhibit the development of obesity, symptoms associated with the metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver.”
“The tested group took the supplement for twelve weeks. The study found that ingestion of … led to the reduction of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels. The supplement also improved the visceral fat area …. No adverse reactions were observed. …These studies demonstrate that … may help regulate fat metabolism, protect against inflammation, and be beneficial for obese and aging problems.”
“Such studies suggest that … has properties as a potent antioxidant. … can attenuate inflammatory changes caused by adipocytes and macrophages in obesity, and may be helpful for relieving conditions of oxidative stress in obese individuals.”
“As inflammation plays an important role in the pathological process of obesity, the immune-regulation effect of … may be helpful for improving conditions in obese individuals.”
“Furthermore, the level of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased…, while the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was decreased. These results suggest that … has the potential to reduce serum glucose and cholesterol levels. The extract may be helpful for relieving diabetes and obesity.”
“The study suggests that … have inhibitory effects on high-fat diet induced obesity. Such effects may be mediated through the inhibition of carbohydrate and lipid absorption from the small intestine.”
“These effects may help explain the anti-cancer effects of …. As cancer is also an obesity-related disease, … can be a potential candidate to be used as a therapeutic agent for both obesity and cancer.”