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From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East (Hardcover)

~ (Author) "The Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul was begun in 1550 and completed in 1556..." (more)
Key Phrases: grand vezir, eastern travelers, group hatred, Middle East, United States, Soviet Union (more...)
4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (19 customer reviews)

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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

As this collection of writings and speeches from the last 40 years demonstrates once again, Lewis is probably the world's most erudite scholar of the Middle East. The pieces cover virtually all aspects of the region—from medieval Turkish history to the roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and everything in between. Food for thought abounds: In one essay, Lewis notes that Islam and Christianity had different relations to Judaism because while Christianity wanted to replace Judaism, Islam was more comfortable incorporating Judaism into its traditions. The pieces are divided into three sections: past history, present history and reflections on the historical profession as it relates to the Middle East. The essays are more scholarly than Lewis's bestselling What Went Wrong?—for instance, one focuses on etymology and the origins of propaganda in early Arabic states. As a whole, they demonstrate Lewis's long-held contention that Islam has been unable to modernize and a clash of civilizations with the West was inevitable. Lewis is considered one of the intellectual architects of the U.S.-led war in Iraq, so it is of interest that in one essay, he asks what the West should do to help bring about change in the Middle East, and answers, "As little as possible." (Confused readers should note that the essay was written in 1957.) As a result of its scholarly bent, this book may attract a narrower audience than his other recent works, but they reflect the thinking of a profound mind.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


From Booklist

For more than four decades, Lewis has been one of the most respected scholars and prolific writers on the history and politics of the Middle East. In this compilation of more than 50 journal articles and essays, he displays the full range of his eloquence, knowledge, and insight regarding this pivotal and volatile region. The collection is divided into three sections, dealing in turn with past history, contemporary affairs, and the evolution of Middle Eastern historiography. The breadth of the subject matter covered is immense; topics as diverse as Islamic architecture, the prevalence of Persian culture throughout the region, Ottoman-European relations, and the causes of jihadist terror are explored. Lewis has never shrunk from controversy, and many of his views presented here are widely disputed by other scholars both within and outside the Middle East; but Lewis remains essential reading. Jay Freeman
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved
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Product Details

  • Hardcover: 456 pages
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 1st Edition. edition (May 2, 2004)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0195173368
  • ISBN-13: 978-0195173369
  • Product Dimensions: 9.5 x 6.5 x 1.4 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.8 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (19 customer reviews)
  • Amazon.com Sales Rank: #724,992 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

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Bernard Lewis
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Front Cover | Table of Contents | First Pages | Surprise Me!
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The Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul was begun in 1550 and completed in 1556. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
grand vezir, eastern travelers, group hatred
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Middle East, United States, Soviet Union, Middle Ages, United Nations, North Africa, Saddam Hussein, Saudi Arabia, East European, Hebrew Bible, Christian Europe, First World War, Old Testament, Third World, Holy Land, New York, Red Sea, United Arab Republic, Hajji Khalifa, Nazi Germany, North America, Osman Aga, Arab Caliphate, Black Sea, Far East
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32 of 34 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Superb background info for students of the Middle East, May 15, 2004
By Samuel Saul (Istanbul, Turkey) - See all my reviews
Prof. Lewis once again demonstrates his rare talent for explaining one of the most difficult subjects of world history in clear, lucid language reminiscent of a more literary era. The book is filled with insightful essays describing real episodes, thought patterns, attitudes and customs that have prevailed in the Middle East over the past millenium. As a frequent traveler to the region over the past 4 decades, I highly recommend this book to anyone wanting to get a clear picture, uncluttered by neo-liberalism, of the politics and practices of the Islamic world.
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23 of 24 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars An uneven but interesting collection of essays, October 26, 2004
In reading and reviewing two of Bernard Lewis's recent books (What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response 2002 and The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Holy Terror 2003) I was favorably impressed with not only his obvious erudition, but with his reasoned tone and his realistic perceptions. However, in this volume, which is a collection of some of his writings going back to the 1950s, I found myself a bit mystified. On the one hand there is the brilliance and eloquence for which the venerable historian is well known. On the other hand, there are some strange and unsettled statements which lead me to wonder if Professor Lewis has not lost some of his fabled acuity.

First, there is the inclusion of a very short piece entitled "We Must Be Clear" that he wrote for the Washington Post a few days after September 11, 2001 in which he is anything but. Apparently Lewis wants the US to be clear about its intentions in the Middle East in light of the terrorist attacks on 9/11. He concludes that "What is needed is clarity in recognizing issues and alignments, firmness and determination in defining and applying policy." (p. 370) What this vague and essentially empty pronouncement follows is Lewis's apprehension that some states are "friends" on two levels, one "a deep mutual commitment" and the other "based on a perception of shared interests." (p. 369-370)

One will permit me a "You don't say?" here. In this same piece Lewis mentions that Saddam Hussein "has made war against three of his neighbors..." and that the other states in the Middle East "are neither forgetful of the past nor confident of the future." What Saddam Hussein (and what his neighbors think about him) has to do with 9/11 is unclear. It's as if Lewis had something he wanted to say, some connection he wanted to draw, but was unable to be clear about it, perhaps for political reasons or because he thought he knew something he wasn't at liberty to share.

At any rate, even more disconcerting is the article entitled "A Time for Toppling" from the Wall Street Journal a year later (September 26, 2002) in which he seems to be a stalking horse for Bush's desire to invade Iraq. He doesn't however argue so much that Saddam Hussein is a danger to the US, but instead makes the claim that in order to solve the Palestinian/Israeli conflict, it is first necessary to deal with Saddam.

There is some legitimacy to this argument, and Lewis recalls Saddam's policy of rewarding the families of Palestinian suicide bombers with stipends of $10,000 to $25,000. However what is grievously wrongheaded about this "toppling" that Lewis seems unaware of--as was Bush and the neocons in the White House--is that in invading Iraq, the US would create massively more problems than it would solve, and would only exacerbate the predicament of the Israeli and Palestinian people, since the Arab and Muslim world would rally around a kindred Muslim nation invaded by a foreign power even if it was the fiefdom of a hated dictator. I am surprised that the usually wise and learned Professor Lewis could write so nakedly in favor of the foolishly aggressive policy of the Bush administration.

Personally, I think Lewis revealed here the true heart of the historian: such a person may be incredibly wise and reasonable when he has time to think and rethink an issue and has the benefit of his research and a considerable experience; however when he is called upon to make a quick judgment on events still warm in the doing, his judgment may suffer.

So let me recall the Bernard Lewis of the volumes mentioned above and let me quote from a couple of places in this collection in order to balance what would be, on the basis of these two articles, a misconception of the man. Consider, for example, this statement on the three Abrahamic religions of the Middle East: "If we look at them in a wider global perspective, Judaism, Christianity and Islam are different branches of the same religion....Compared with the religions of India, of China and of other places, they are as alike as peas in a pod." Lewis goes on to make the point that when Muslim and Christian say to one another, "'You are an infidel and you will burn in hell,' they understand each other perfectly." However "Such an argument between a Christian or a Muslim on the one side and a Buddhist or a Hindu on the other" would have been "impossible" because "They would not have known what they were talking about." (pp. 200-201)

This insight is from his essay "A Taxonomy of Group Hatred" which originally appeared in the Viennese review Transit in 1998-1999. This is a particularly good essay (published in English here for the first time) in which Lewis doesn't mince words about the human failing called hatred and gives a most interesting psychological and historical take on this most destructive emotion which he allies lamentably with the very essence of the human process of self-identity. He notes, "Loyalty to the tribe, however defined, and hatred of other tribes are at the very core of identity." (p. 203)

There are 51 essays arranged in three parts, "Past History," "Current History," and "About History." There are pieces on such diverse subjects as money, travel and food in addition to the usual political concerns of historians. Particularly good, because of the insight it affords us into the life of Bernard Lewis, is the Introduction in which he outlines his career as a Middle Eastern historian.

I recommend this book for readers who want to increase their knowledge of the Middle East. Here is Lewis's own justification for such a study: "The history of Islam is a vital and essential part of human history without which even 'our' own history is not fully intelligible." (p. 412)
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14 of 14 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars A synthesis of decades of brilliant work., June 30, 2004
By William Franklin Jr. (Houston, Texas, United States) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
I have a couple problems with this book, but I will still give it a rating of 5 stars.

My first problem is that it doesn't flow particularly well from one chapter to the next. This is because the book is an anthology of various speeches, op-eds, chapters of other books, lectures, and other work over the years, many previously unpublished. I would have appreciated some more commentary from today's point of view on his work done many decades ago. Because it jumps from year to year, subject to subject, it is hard to digest large portions of it at a time. My recommendation would be to provide even just paragraph-long segues from one chapter to the next explaining why he included each chapter and how it all adds up to the grand point he is making.

Second, I let someone borrow it, and she declared it boring and refused to plug away to finish it. I will admit, this book is not exactly for beginners on the Middle East, nor is it for people looking for exciting quasi-history or conspiracy theories. It is not pop-history. It is, rather, a subtle and mostly objective look at the history and contemporary affairs of the Middle East over multiple generations, and in such a collection of work, one can glean bits of why the world is how it is today. But don't expect the book to jump out and slap you in the face, arguing from the point of view of an extreme ideologue. If you can't handle it being dry in some places, this is not the book for you.

As far as the good things go, the book is a great way to brush up on Middle Eastern history. I've read some of Lewis' other books, and they are also very good. Some of the other ones flow much better than this one, but this one is the one I would recommend to those who want a more comprehensive yet succinct look at the Middle East, because it does cover so many topics.

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Most Recent Customer Reviews

5.0 out of 5 stars Delightful
The book presents a extremely well written text and the reading is delightful. The author does a thorough approach to various aspects of the Islamic world.
Published on July 9, 2007 by Pedro Silva

4.0 out of 5 stars A Collection Of Essays Covering A Wide Range Of Middle Eastern Issues
Bernard Lewis is perhaps the world's foremost scholar on the Middle East. He also, unlike many academics, has outstanding writing skills and is able to reach a wide audience. Read more
Published on November 14, 2006 by Chris Luallen

2.0 out of 5 stars disappointed
Lewis' qualifications as mid-east scholar sound impressive but I was disappointed by this book. Although interesting, some of the essays are indicative of senility... Read more
Published on October 3, 2006 by Nadeem Haider

5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent collection of articles and speeches
This book is a collection of speeches and articles (most previously published) by Bernard Lewis, considered to be one of the world's foremost scholars on the Middle East. Read more
Published on September 11, 2006 by K G R

4.0 out of 5 stars A rich cornucopia
This is a series of very readable short papers by a world expert on the history of the Middle East, though there is a certain amount of overlap or repetition in them. Read more
Published on August 27, 2006 by Ralph Blumenau

5.0 out of 5 stars The more things change
the more they remain the same. This old truism is a succinct description of this collection of essays and articles by Bernard Lewis. Read more
Published on April 27, 2006 by Bojan Tunguz

5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent resource for the informed layperson
Bernard Lewis is probably the foremost western academic in the field of Middle Eastern Studies. Because of his age and his first-hand experience, his perspective is both broad... Read more
Published on February 23, 2006 by A. Chai

3.0 out of 5 stars A Detailed Review of Past Publications
Bernard Lewis is an accomplished researcher and scholar from Princeton. His volumes of books and scholarly publications have presented the western reader well-documented... Read more
Published on October 28, 2005 by JMK

5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent articles by Lewis
This is a fine collection of articles by Bernard Lewis about the Middle East. Some are about past history, and some are about present history. Read more
Published on November 19, 2004 by Jill Malter

5.0 out of 5 stars Fifty Years of Thoughts on the Muslim World
If nothing else, more attention has been applied in the Western world to trying to understand the Muslim world in the time since 9/11 than at any other time. Read more
Published on November 1, 2004 by John Matlock

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