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White Nile, Black Blood: War, Leadership, and Ethnicity from Khartoum to Kampala Paperback – October 1, 1999
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- Print length354 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherRed Sea Pr
- Publication dateOctober 1, 1999
- Dimensions6 x 1.25 x 9.25 inches
- ISBN-10156902099X
- ISBN-13978-1569020999
Editorial Reviews
From the Back Cover
The stakes of the conflict in Southern Sudan rise with the passage of each decade. The present volume offers studies by leading African, European and American scholars of and engaged participants in the experience of Southern Sudan. The studies are grounded in an impressive array of disciplinary expertise including archaeology, anthropology, linguistics, history, political and military science, religion, cultural studies, journalism and development.
About the Author
Stephanie Beswick was born and grew up in the Sudanese capital of Khartoum, and resided on the White Nile near Renk and Kosti as well as near Roseires on the Blue Nile. She has published a number of articles on the Southern Sudan.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
The 26 June 1995 assassination attempt on President Husni Mubarak's life in Addis Ababa, has triggered off an acute crisis and a fierce war of words between Egypt and Sudan. The real issue was radicalism Islamism which had been behind the assassination attempt. Egypt accused the Sudanese authorities of having trained the would-be assassins and of smuggling them across its border with Ethiopia. However, as in many previous conflicts since Sudan achieved independence, the Nile waters and the Egyptian-Sudanese border, known as the Halayib Triangle soon featured high on the Sudanese-Egyptian agenda. Dr. Hasan Abd Allah al-Turabi, leader of the National Islamic Front (NIF) and widely believed to be the power behind the throne in Khartoum, "threatened to cut off the Nile water supply to Egypt." To quote from one of Turabi's more poetic utterances: "Egypt is today experiencing a drought in faith and religion..., [but] Allah wants Islam to revived from Sudan and flow along with the waters of the Nile to purge Egypt from obscenity." Egypt's reaction was that the Sudan should not play with fire (or water) if it wanted to avoid the use of force.
The next clash occurred in the Halayib Triangle where in the first week of July military patrols from the two countries clashed and several Sudanese lost their lives. Some years have passed since the assassination attempt took place and the conflict is far from being resolved. The UN security council has implemented sanctions against Sudan in response to its failure to hand over the suspected terrorists to Ethiopia. Egyptian-Sudanese relations are as tense as ever since the deteriorating situation in Sudan and its tense relations with nearly all its neighbors, continue to threaten the stability of the Nile Valley. Due to the scarcity of water on the one hand and the population explosion on the other, the stability of these relations have become a matter of survival. Sudan's instability and the fact that forty years after independence it is still torn apart by ethnic, religious and sectarian conflicts, suggest that Egyptian commentator observed recently that Egypt's relations with Sudan are no longer emotional, political or historical, as they were prior to Sudan's independence, in 1956. Milad Hana notes that historically the slogan of those advocating unity was always the "Unity of the Nile Valley" and not the "Unity of Egypt and the Sudan," since the Nile was the bond uniting the two regions, not its people. This remains true to the present day, regardless of the regimes ruling in Egypt and Sudan.
The Nile Waters: The Pre-1952 Years
Egypt's total dependence on the Nile waters for its survival has not diminished since the Greek historian Herodotus, who traveled it hat region in the fifth century B. C. E., first wrote that "Egypt is the gift of the Nile." In fact, as a result of the Egypt's rapid population-growth, on the one hand, and the considerable diminution of the flow of the Nile in the 1980s, on the other, the situation has even worsened at times. On November 5, 1987 The Times of London predicted that Egypt, "the cradle of civilization," was drying up. It based this prediction on what it defined as 'scientific evidence,' namely that the rains feeding the Blue Nile-in the mountains of Ethiopia-were gradually shifting southward. The New York Times correspondent in Cairo was no more optimistic when he wrote on 5 February 1990, under the tile 'Now a little Steam, later, maybe, a Water War,' that some Egyptian officials had warned that water, not oil, could be the Middle East's next cause for war. These predictions might have been modified in the wake of Saddam Hussein's conquest of Kuwait, which was obviously not prompted by water. However, both the Nile in the south and the Euphrates in the northeastern Middle East have, in recent years, become the focus of worry and of attention in this arid region due to their diminishing water flow and the possible ensuing regional repercussions.
The Nile and the Future is the title of the book written in 1988 by the Egyptian journalist Abd al-Tawwab Abd al-Hayy. The author traveled some 6, 800 kilometers from the sources of the Nile in Burundi and Ethiopia to Alexandria, on the Mediterranean shore, and came to the conclusion that unless Egypt reached an agreement with its southern neighbors-primarily the Sudan-about the immediate projects needed for saving the Nile waters, a major catastrophe was imminent. Since 1800, when Egypt's population had dropped to about two and a half million, there has been a rapid population growth which reached some sixty million inhabitants in 1995. Other countries feeding the Nile, have also experienced population growth, though on a somewhat smaller scale. In Sudan, for instance, the population increased from about two million in 1900 to some twenty-nine million in 1995. Hence the demands on the Nile waters have increased at such a rate that despite conservation projects and the High Dam at Aswan, an acute shortage of water in the Nile Valley was already evident throughout the 1980s. Since from Aswan to Alexandria- a distance of some 1, 500 kilometers-not a single tributary joins the Nile, future conservation projects cannot be executed by Egypt alone and depend on the goodwill and cooperation of its southern neighbors, primarily on Ethiopia and Sudan.
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Product details
- Publisher : Red Sea Pr; First Printing edition (October 1, 1999)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 354 pages
- ISBN-10 : 156902099X
- ISBN-13 : 978-1569020999
- Item Weight : 1.41 pounds
- Dimensions : 6 x 1.25 x 9.25 inches
- Customer Reviews:
