Ken Burns's Jazz
, Episode 10: "A Masterpiece by
Midnight"
"Jazz
is the story of a million nights when,
against all odds, men and women of all colors, endowed with extraordinary
gifts, came together and made great art, in each instant recalling centuries of
human suffering and indifference, negotiation, search, and finally, joy." --Ken
Burns
During the '60s, jazz is in
trouble. Critics divide the music into schools--Dixieland, swing, bebop, hard
bop, modal, free, avant-garde. But most young people are listening to rock
& roll. Though
Louis Armstrong briefly
outsells the Beatles with "Hello Dolly," most jazz musicians are desperate for
work and many head for Europe, including bebop saxophone master
Dexter Gordon.
At home, jazz is searching for relevance. During the Civil Rights
struggle, it becomes a voice of protest. Before his early death, the
avant-garde explorer
John Coltrane links jazz to the
'60s quest for a higher consciousness with his devotional suite, "A Love
Supreme." And
Miles Davis, after conquering
the avant-garde with a landmark quintet, combines jazz with rock & roll by
using electric instruments to launch a wildly popular sound called fusion.
In the 1970s, jazz loses the exuberant genius of Louis Armstrong and the
transcendent artistry of
Duke Ellington, and for many
their passing seems to mark the end of the music itself. But in 1976, when
Dexter Gordon returns from Europe for a triumphant comeback, jazz has a
homecoming, too.
Over the next two decades, a new generation of musicians emerges, led by
trumpeter
Wynton Marsalis--schooled in
the music's traditions, skilled in the arts of improvisation, and aflame with
ideas only jazz can express. The musical journey that began in the dance halls
and street parades of New Orleans at the start of the 20th century continues.
As it enters its second century, jazz is still brand-new every night, still
vibrant, still evolving, and still swinging.
"What matters most is the emotional power of the music, that
there are original artists out there expressing their feelings and experiences
as human beings today." --
Joshua Redman