Big Coal: The Dirty Secret Behind America's Energy Future (.) (Hardcover)

Even that grim total, however, pales in comparison to the number of Americans who die prematurely each year from the fine-particle pollution emanating from the coal-fired power plants these miners supply with fuel: 24,000 each year, according to the American Lung Association. That toll -- coupled with the impact that the burning of fossil fuels is having on the Earth's climate -- must be weighed against the cheap electricity that coal has given us for nearly 150 years.

Jeff Goodell's new Big Coal explores this tension in depth, comparing Americans' energy habits to the behavior of a Bowery junkie: "We keep telling ourselves it's time to come clean, without ever actually doing it." The book's strength lies in Goodell's ability to connect our mundane daily activities, such as flipping on the living room lights and powering up our laptops, with the grimy business that powers these things. "Most of us have no idea how central coal is to our everyday lives or what our relationship with this black rock really costs us," Goodell writes. "We may not like to admit it, but our shiny white iPod economy is propped up by dirty black rocks." The developing world's relationship with coal is even grimier, he reports; like such environmentalist authors as Lester Brown, Goodell examines how the voracious appetite for coal of China's booming industries will affect the planet we share in the coming decades.

It's hard to write a lively book about the coal industry, but Goodell, a Rolling Stone contributing editor and the author of Our Story, a book about a 2002 mine accident, has managed to pull it off. His evocative prose carries the narrative from rural West Virginia to the Georgia state legislature and a small Chinese village, with plenty of stops in between. (One of his best lines: "The Georgia legislative session is forty days of big hats, big bellies, and big cigars.")

The author runs into trouble only when his breezy, arch tone seems a touch jarring, as it does when he observes, "If the sorry history of the coal mining industry has proven one thing, it's that when it comes to enacting and enforcing safety laws against Big Coal, the only good lobbyists are dead miners."

The story also bogs down in the middle of the book when Goodell details the excruciatingly slow federal regulatory process for power plants, which is simply impossible to relate in a scintillating way.

In general, Goodell is sensitive to his subjects, whether they're the miners who pry coal from the earth or the hapless residents living near a power plant and breathing in the rock's fumes. (He shows less sympathy for coal industry officials, who appear only intermittently throughout the book and usually in an unflattering light.)

One of the most heartbreaking passages focuses on Charlotte O'Rourke, who moved to Masontown, Pa., with her husband, Donald, in the 1970s and stayed even though it now houses "one of the dirtiest coal plants in America," Hatfield's Ferry, run by Allegheny Energy. At 56, Donald O'Rourke came down with a rare form of kidney cancer and died less than a year later; his widow decided to stay but never looked at her surroundings the same way. "You really don't have to be a scientist to see what's going on around here," she told Goodell a few months before she was diagnosed with precancerous cells in her esophagus. "We live under the plume, and people are sick and people are dying. I mean, how complicated is it, really?"

Goodell doesn't offer much in the way of solutions, though he briefly explores the virtues of e-hybrid cars, which use larger batteries and an electrical outlet to save on gas and emit less carbon dioxide, and a new technology that "goes by the unfortunately complicated name of integrated gasification combined cycle," a coal-burning process that produces less waste than traditional methods and allows plant operators to capture carbon dioxide before it escapes into the atmosphere. Still, Big Coal gives its readers a clear sense of the tradeoffs we face in our feverish quest for inexpensive energy, and that's more than enough for one book.

Reviewed by Juliet Eilperin
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