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Pope Gregory VII, 1073-1085
by H. E. J. Cowdrey
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with references to "Robert Guiscard".
Excerpt - on Page 47: "
... At íylelfi, Nicholas received an oath of fealty from Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia and Calabria, and probably from Richard of Capua.s3 Robert Guiscard's oath bound him to help the Roman ... "
Key Phrases:
Hugh of Die, Robert Guiscard, South Italy, Abbot Hugh of Cluny, Rudolf of Swabia, Abbot William, lent synod, clerical fornication, apostolic mercy, simoniacal dealings, comprovincial bishops, apostolic sec
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See all pages
with references to "Robert Guiscard".
Excerpt - on Page 45: "
... III Robert Guiscard ou la naissance de l'État normand (1041-1059) Tout, pourtant, avait commencé par un rêve. Comme dans les contes de fées. ... "
Key Phrases:
Robert Guiscard, Italie du Sud, Maion de Bari, Frédéric Barberousse, Robert de Capoue, Grand Comte, génie normand, royaume normand, rêve oriental, légion arabe, rois normands, barons normands
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The Normans in Europe (Manchester Medieval Sources)
by Elizabeth Van Houts
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with references to "Robert Guiscard".
Excerpt - on Page 52: "
... of Count Roger and his brother Duke Robert The Deeds of Count Roger of Calahria and Sicily and of Duke Robert Guiscard his brother was written r logo by Geoffrey, a Norman, \sho had mowed to southern Italy and Nsorked at the ... "
Key Phrases:
King Henry, Duke Richard, King Harold, Duke Robert, Robert Guiscard, William the Conqueror, Duke William, King Edward, King Louis, Count Robert, Earl Tostig, King William
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Medieval European Coinage: With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, Vol 14, Italy (III) (South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia)
by Philip Grierson
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with references to "Robert Guiscard".
Excerpt - on Page 4: "
... the context of a gold/copper currency, even though silver was added in 1140. Norman Sicilian taris from the time of Robert Guiscard to 1278 kept the same fineness of 163 carats (681/iooo). ... "
Key Phrases:
Roger Borsa, Ferdinand the Catholic, Arthur Sambon, Robert Guiscard, Charles of Anjou, Duke William, billon denari, billon denaro, copper cavalli, silver carlini, concave coins, copper follari
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