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Competition Law of the European Community
by Van Bael & Bellis
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with references to "liner conferences".
Excerpt - on Page 409: "
... Commission, [1992] ECR II-2417; C'eiral, Cowac and Ukncal, OJ 1993 L34/20 (agreements were made between different liner conferences whereby they '[would] not compete with each other as outsiders in their respective areas of operation'. The Commission found these ... "
Key Phrases:
Court of Justice, Horizontal Guidelines, Vertical Guidelines, Vertical Agreements Block Exemption, Tetra Pak, Council Regulation, vehicle block exemption, technology transfer block exemption, single branding obligations, competition law concerns, hardcore restrictions, open exclusivity
(see more)
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Structural Conflict: The Third World Against Global Liberalism (Studies in International Political Economy, 12)
by Stephen D. Krasner
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with references to "liner conferences".
Excerpt - on Page 87: "
... GOALS AND DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESS 87 more knowledgeable economic actors. Multinational corporations can manipulate transfer prices to evade taxation. Shipping liner conferences can freeze out competitors from the Third World. ... "
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The Liberalization of Maritime Transport Services: With Special Reference to the WTO/GATS Framework (Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs)
by Benjamin Parameswaran
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with references to "liner conferences".
Excerpt - on Page 33: "
... Conference Services While until about two decades ago the liner sector was clearly dominated by so- called liner conferences with a share of over 90 percent in total liner trade, their share in today's liner market has fallen and ... "
Key Phrases:
Uruguay Round, World Trade Organization, European Commission, United States, Das Allgemeine Übereinkommen, Liner Code, maritime transport services, maritime auxiliary services, maritime service providers, cabotage services, maritime transport negotiations, transport service suppliers
(see more)
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Maritime Economics Second Edition
by M. Stopford
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with references to "liner conferences".
Excerpt - on Page 261: "
... 1950 Western Europe dominated the international maritime scene. During this period Europe controlled most of the world's shipping, shipbuilding and liner conferences, a situation founded on the economic lead gained during the Industrial Revolution and reinforced by the extensive network of trade ... "
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