Excerpt - page 1: "... were encroaching on China in increasing numbers. In short, the BoxerRebellion was a last gasp attempt to throw off the foreign ..."
Excerpt - page 53: "... In some cases, Yi-he Boxers were also sectarians and may have used their boxing as a means of recruiting new sect members. But in other areas, the Yi-he Boxers joined with the government and formed the basis for ad hoc militia to oppose the sectarians' rebellion. ..."