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The $800 Million Pill: The Truth behind the Cost of New Drugs First Edition
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Goozner shows how drug innovation is driven by dedicated scientists intent on finding cures for diseases, not by pharmaceutical firms whose bottom line often takes precedence over the advance of medicine. A university biochemist who spent twenty years searching for a single blood protein that later became the best-selling biotech drug in the world, a government employee who discovered the causes for dozens of crippling genetic disorders, and the Department of Energy-funded research that made the Human Genome Project possible--these engrossing accounts illustrate how medical breakthroughs actually take place.
The $800 Million Pill suggests ways that the government's role in testing new medicines could be expanded to eliminate the private sector waste driving up the cost of existing drugs. Pharmaceutical firms should be compelled to refocus their human and financial resources on true medical innovation, Goozner insists. This book is essential reading for everyone concerned about the politically charged topics of drug pricing, Medicare coverage, national health care, and the role of pharmaceutical companies in developing countries.
- ISBN-109780520246706
- ISBN-13978-0520246706
- EditionFirst Edition
- PublisherUniversity of California Press
- Publication dateOctober 10, 2005
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions5.8 x 0.76 x 8.8 inches
- Print length304 pages
Editorial Reviews
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From the Inside Flap
"Merrill Goozner does a superb job at explaining just how the pharmaceutical industry gets away with systematic overcharging, and why bio-medical advances do not require the current profiteering. This is the definitive book on this vital topic." Robert Kuttner, Co-Editor of The American Prospect and author of Everything for Sale
"Why do your prescription drugs cost so much? The real answers may surprise you. In a lively and straightforward narrative, veteran journalist Merrill Goozner goes behind the headlines and pharmaceutical industry spin to uncover the politics and the practices that drive up drug costs. His diagnosis and prescriptions make a valuable contribution to the growing national debate over safe, quality and affordable health care for all Americans." Clarence Page, syndicated columnist for the Chicago Tribune
"Merrill Goozner has written an important book. The high-stakes national debate over what to do about prescription drug coverage and costs too often suffers from a dearth of facts and analysis. This volume helps to fill that gap by illuminating the seemingly opaque world of pharmaceutical research and development." Susan Dentzer,Health Correspondent for The News Hour with Jim Lehrer on PBS
From the Back Cover
"Merrill Goozner does a superb job at explaining just how the pharmaceutical industry gets away with systematic overcharging, and why bio-medical advances do not require the current profiteering. This is the definitive book on this vital topic."―Robert Kuttner, Co-Editor of The American Prospect and author of Everything for Sale
"Why do your prescription drugs cost so much? The real answers may surprise you. In a lively and straightforward narrative, veteran journalist Merrill Goozner goes behind the headlines and pharmaceutical industry spin to uncover the politics and the practices that drive up drug costs. His diagnosis and prescriptions make a valuable contribution to the growing national debate over safe, quality and affordable health care for all Americans."―Clarence Page, syndicated columnist for the Chicago Tribune
"Merrill Goozner has written an important book. The high-stakes national debate over what to do about prescription drug coverage and costs too often suffers from a dearth of facts and analysis. This volume helps to fill that gap by illuminating the seemingly opaque world of pharmaceutical research and development."―Susan Dentzer,Health Correspondent for The News Hour with Jim Lehrer on PBS
About the Author
Product details
- ASIN : 0520246705
- Publisher : University of California Press; First Edition (October 10, 2005)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9780520246706
- ISBN-13 : 978-0520246706
- Lexile measure : 1430L
- Item Weight : 1 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.8 x 0.76 x 8.8 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #3,083,275 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #272 in Health Policy (Books)
- #568 in Pharmacology (Books)
- #952 in Health Care Delivery (Books)
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Goozner confirms others in noting that about 4/5ths of "new" drugs, while being new molecules, are similar to others on the market. This consumes most of Big Pharma's research and sales dollars. He shows that simply purifying a drug to sell one of two isomers (left-handed, say, not mixed left- and right-handed) will get a new drug approval from the FDA (Nexium vs. Prilosec, I think). Sometimes this is valuable for patients, but not always. In ibuprofen it does not matter.
Goozner carefully works out the cost of a typical new drug launch at $100 to $200 million, a lot, but not $800. Many details are explained, such as orphan drugs, and access for compassionate use. Some of the perversions of drug trials are exposed, such as failure to compare a new drug with the best previous one. The limitations of newer NSAIDS (Celebrex, Vioxx) and many anticancer drugs are brought out.
This book has good good academic referencing and a good index. So why only 4 stars? The layout, some of the chemistry and some of the pharmacology.
Each paragraph is a gem of understandable prose. From p229: "As the twenty-first century dawned, the drug industry's search for new drugs to replace old ones coming off patent became frenzied. There were fifty-two drugs with more than $1 billion in sales in 2000, but forty-two were slated to lose their patent protection by 2007. The drugs that account for fully half the industry's sales were on the cusp of low-cost, generic competition. But instead of looking for truly innovative medicines, which are dependent on the maturation of biological understanding and even then are difficult to find, an increasing share of the industry's research and development budgets turned to the search replacement ["me-too"] drugs..." However, I found it hard to read this book for more than 20-40 mintues at a time. There are no tables, graphs, photos, section headings or sub-section headings; it is one continuous mass of text except for chapter headings, most of which are cute, but do not explain what is on the chapter.
Occasionally people are mentioned with no context (Kessler, p145).
Chemically, the most serious error was confusing positional isomers on a benzene ring with left- and right-handed forms of a drug, which depend on the positions of 4 different substituents on a carbon atom (p221). These are called "optical isomers". Only exact mirror image compounds are called enantiomers.
Pharmacologically, Goozner was not aware of the misleading effects of lead time bias (earlier detection on 5-year survival rates in cancer. He overstated the benefits and understated the risks of cisplatin and Taxol, not looking for all-cause death rates. Conversely, he took at face value the claims for anticholesterol and blood pressure drugs, which have very few benefits long-term. He missed that the ALLHAT trial of blood pressure drugs had no placebo (p248), so based on earlier trials that did, no standard drug treatment for moderately high blood pressures is worthwhile. See: Joel M. Kauffman, Bias in Recent Papers on Diets and Drugs in Peer-Reviewed Medical Journals, J. Am. Physicians & Surgeons, 9(1), 11-14 (2004).
Still, this book is a valuable reference to have.
Get the facts, read this book.
Goozner is an economist, I majored in economics in both undergrad and grad school, the rest of my education is in chemistry, molecular biology, business and law. He writes about academic research, I have worked at National Laboratories and well known universities. He writes of the pharmaceutical industry, where I spent nearly a decade. And he writes about the biotechnology industry, where I spent another decade. Amazingly, all my life I have spent discovering and developing drugs. So I think I can say I read this book not as a layman, although at times it seemed to be written by one.
I usually enjoy books that are critical of things. They have a tendency to keep us honest and make us all too aware of our faults. But this book, while laudable for its story telling and historical walkabout, did not really get to a point where it stood on firm ground. So in the end, it was so overstated in its extremism, I could not take it seriously. Any good point that could have been made was underminded in its credibility by statements at times so braced by sheer nonsense, I felt bad for the author. I never did take this book seriously.
Goozer is one of those folks that does not believe the constitution is correct to provide protection to inventions through patents. Nor does he seem to believe in capitalism. Rather, he posits that pure open academic research is all that is needed to develop drugs. To him, the Bahy-Dole Act was a license for the pharmaceutical industry to steal from academia.
He would have us believe that all the great drugs developed today really come from academia. If you believe that, then you believe that the internet, as we now know it, including Amazon.com itself, came 100% from academia. Well no Mr. Goozner, Netscape founders and developers of Mosaic did indeed develop their "inventions" at the University of Illinois, but it took good old capatilism and $$ to turn all that into sophisticated products and tools. That is called fundamental research, basic research, being developed into marketibal products. The goal of academic research is not to develop marketable products, it is to further knowledge. The Bayh-Dole Act briged that basic research to the marketplace and last year alone, "academia" made $4 billion from license fees it recieved from those crooks that stole their technology and passed it off as their own after faking an $800 million investment.
The tens of thousands of industry scientists that spend decades developing drugs based on technology licensed from academia should be insulted by a book claiming they had no role in developing the product. I know I am, and I was in academia once.
Lots of things in his book are just plain wrong. To many to list. No need to, because his fundamental thesis is wrong to. I don't question his telling of all the history though, just his conclusions from it.
Lets take the $800 million. He tells us it costs only $100 million and not $800 million to develop a drug. Well, that is not quite what that number means. The $800 million is the cost for the one drug that made it to market, and the 50 that failed in research. That is called an absorbed cost. You see, the vast majority of drugs that are developed never see the pharmacist's shelf. I worked on one such drug that was abandoned after my company spent over $50 million developing it. Now if you are a stockholder, you think you might want a return on your investment. That one successful drug is it.
If we follow Mr. Goozner to the end of his diatribe, we would find that he literally expects the entire drug industry to be a non-profit industry. Well then, since Amazon.com was created from technology that came from academia, it should declare non-profit status and give away all its profits.
What could have been a strong calling to task on the pharmaceutical industry turned out to be nothing more than the fringe, almost socialist, views of an anticapitalist.
Finally, for an economist I was amazed that he managed to oversimplify how the pharmaecutical industry makes development decisions with all his "me too" drug conclusions. If I have to explain that one I am afraid I am going to have to hop on my pro Posner/Pareto/Coase pedistle and preach, which I don't want to do. That takes me back to my first statements. This author is bias against patents, capitalism, and a little uninformed about science (when he tried to be one, he made it obvious why he is not one). But I did like the walk through history, enough to ignore the misleading filters through which me wanted us to view that history. I gave him an extra star for that one. If you are a social engineer or igorant, you might like this book. If you are at all informed, it will leave you like a parody, amused and nothing more.
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金儲けをしているのかを批判した本です。
要するに、公的な研究機関が国民の税金で開発した
先進技術を利用して、さらに高い薬代を患者に請求している
つまり、国民のお金が二重に取られているということを批判しています。
特に、エイズの治療薬、プロテアーゼ阻害剤の開発競争について
たくさんのページが割かれています。
実際の開発者の自伝がたくさん出てますが、こういう形で
客観的に整理されたものを読むのはいいことだと思います。
著者の主張は、一貫しているのですが、それを支えるような
数値データなどは乏しいと感じました。
しかし、20世紀の最後の四半世紀の製薬業界の
歴史を概観するには、すぐれた本だと思います。
科学的な知識は少なくても、読みとおせます。