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Algorithms (4th Edition) 4th Edition

4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 824 ratings

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This fourth edition of Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne’s Algorithms is the leading textbook on algorithms today and is widely used in colleges and universities worldwide. This book surveys the most important computer algorithms currently in use and provides a full treatment of data structures and algorithms for sorting, searching, graph processing, and string processing--including fifty algorithms every programmer should know. In this edition, new Java implementations are written in an accessible modular programming style, where all of the code is exposed to the reader and ready to use.

The algorithms in this book represent a body of knowledge developed over the last 50 years that has become indispensable, not just for professional programmers and computer science students but for any student with interests in science, mathematics, and engineering, not to mention students who use computation in the liberal arts.

The companion web site, algs4.cs.princeton.edu, contains

  • An online synopsis
  • Full Java implementations
  • Test data
  • Exercises and answers
  • Dynamic visualizations
  • Lecture slides
  • Programming assignments with checklists
  • Links to related material

The MOOC related to this book is accessible via the "Online Course" link at algs4.cs.princeton.edu. The course offers more than 100 video lecture segments that are integrated with the text, extensive online assessments, and the large-scale discussion forums that have proven so valuable. Offered each fall and spring, this course regularly attracts tens of thousands of registrants.

Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne are developing a modern approach to disseminating knowledge that fully embraces technology, enabling people all around the world to discover new ways of learning and teaching. By integrating their textbook, online content, and MOOC, all at the state of the art, they have built a unique resource that greatly expands the breadth and depth of the educational experience.

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Popular Highlights in this book

From the Publisher

Distinctive Features

Illustration of analytics through ML

Data moving over communications

Digital technology background

Brain in skill xray

Algorithms

Descriptions of algorithms are based on complete implementations and on a discussion of the operations of these programs on a consistent set of examples. Instead of presenting pseudo-code, Sedgewick and Wayne work with real code, so that the programs can quickly be put to practical use. Programs are written in Java, but in a style such that most of the code can be reused to develop implementations in other modern programming languages.

Data types

Sedgewick and Wayne use a modern programming style based on data abstraction, so that algorithms and their data structures are encapsulated together.

Applications

Each chapter has a detailed description of applications where the algorithms described play a critical role. These range from applications in physics and molecular biology, to engineering computers and systems, to familiar tasks such as data compression and searching on the web.

A scientific approach

The emphasizes developing mathematical models for describing the performance of algorithms, using the models to develop hypotheses about performance, and then testing the hypotheses by running the algorithms in realistic contexts.

Photo of Algorithms Book

Breadth of coverage

Segewick and Wayne’s primary goal is to introduce the most important algorithms in use today to as wide an audience as possible. These algorithms are generally ingenious creations that, remarkably, can each be expressed in just a dozen or two lines of code. As a group, they represent problem-solving power of amazing scope. They have enabled the construction of computational artifacts, the solution of scientific problems, and the development of commercial applications that would not have been feasible without them.

They cover basic abstract data types, sorting algorithms, searching algorithms, graph processing, and string processing. They keep the material in algorithmic context, describing data structures, algorithm design paradigms, reduction, and problem-solving models. They cover classic methods that have been taught since the 1960s and new methods that have been invented in recent years.

Editorial Reviews

About the Author

Robert Sedgewick has been a Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University since 1985, where he was the founding Chairman of the Department of Computer Science. He has held visiting research positions at Xerox PARC, Institute for Defense Analyses, and INRIA, and is member of the board of directors of Adobe Systems. Professor Sedgewick’s research interests include analytic combinatorics, design and analysis of data structures and algorithms, and program visualization. His landmark book, Algorithms, now in its fourth edition, has appeared in numerous versions and languages over the past thirty years. In addition, with Kevin Wayne, he is the coauthor of the highly acclaimed textbook, Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Addison-Wesley, 2008).

Kevin Wayne is the Phillip Y. Goldman Senior Lecturer in Computer Science at Princeton University, where he has been teaching since 1998. He received a Ph.D. in operations research and industrial engineering from Cornell University. His research interests include the design, analysis, and implementation of algorithms, especially for graphs and discrete optimization. With Robert Sedgewick, he is the coauthor of the highly acclaimed textbook, Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Addison-Wesley, 2008).

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Addison-Wesley Professional; 4th edition (March 24, 2011)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 976 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 032157351X
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0321573513
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 3.02 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 7.7 x 1.4 x 9.3 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 824 ratings

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Customer reviews

4.7 out of 5 stars
824 global ratings

Customers say

Customers find the book's algorithm introduction comprehensive, with lots of examples and code. They also say it's easy to read, concise, and well-written for learning purposes. Readers appreciate the interesting exercises provided at the end of each section. However, some find the subject interesting and fun, while others say it's boring. Opinions are mixed on the value for money, with some finding it worth every penny, while others say it is expensive.

AI-generated from the text of customer reviews

75 customers mention "Algorithm introduction"75 positive0 negative

Customers find the book's algorithm introduction comprehensive. They appreciate the examples and code, as well as explanations for the theory. Readers say the author has a talent for simplifying complex concepts. They appreciate the right combination of mathematical treatment and practical applications. Additionally, they mention the book contains all the algorithms and datastructures for most job interviews.

"...The algorithms are updated to the basic algorithms a student these days needs to have heard of, which includes new material like tries...." Read more

"Clear explanations of each topic, code in java is easy to understand, book arrived in perfect conditions to Bolivia." Read more

"...It contains a large set of the basic algorithms that are frequently necessary on a day to day basis, but also shows HOW and WHY they were developed...." Read more

"...I feel like this book is great preparation for interviews, as well as for further study from books which use pseudo-code...." Read more

71 customers mention "Ease of reading"53 positive18 negative

Customers find the Java snippets in the book very easy to read and understand. They say it's well-written for learning purposes and a reference. Readers also mention the book is organized well for segmented reading sessions and handles subjects step-by-step.

"...This code is so much better than any in the old C++ book. The authors preferred clarity, yet the code is still concise...." Read more

"Clear explanations of each topic, code in java is easy to understand, book arrived in perfect conditions to Bolivia." Read more

"...It is well written, and easy to understand (even for the interns I've had read through it)...." Read more

"...3 chapters so far, but I think I became better at writing cleaner, concise, and correct code by reading this book and doing some coding assignments..." Read more

9 customers mention "Exercise content"9 positive0 negative

Customers find the exercises in the book interesting. They say the explanations are clear and every chapter has many exercises. However, some readers feel the book is not for beginners.

"...Every chapter has many exercises (but not answers).Cons:1)Not for the beginners. I suggest learning Java (or C#) first...." Read more

"...It uses laudably-simple Java. The exercises are great. The diagrams are great. There are videos on Coursera if you want verbal explanations too...." Read more

"...It has then be updated and updated and updated. It's an interesting and fun subject, but the book is sooo boring to read and the mentality is the..." Read more

"This book explains this topic in such a beatiful way to make it extremely pleasant and exciting...." Read more

10 customers mention "Value for money"6 positive4 negative

Customers have mixed opinions about the value for money of the book. Some mention it's worth every penny, while others say it's expensive and there's no way to upgrade from the basic version to video access.

"...Also i rented this book from amazon which I found to be very simple and cheap!" Read more

"Informative but dry, too expensive, and not enough complete use-case examples." Read more

"...Worth every dollar!" Read more

"...3. No way to pay for upgrade from basic version to video-access." Read more

8 customers mention "Code examples"5 positive3 negative

Customers have mixed opinions about the code examples in the book. Some mention the examples are excellent, while others say they're overly complicated.

"...far, but I think I became better at writing cleaner, concise, and correct code by reading this book and doing some coding assignments..." Read more

"...the Kindle edition is less good for one reason: The code examples are almost unreadable...." Read more

"...The website has working code so you can actively learn from, with actual data to manipulate...." Read more

"...pros:Good examples drawn in charts or graphs, comprehensive codes.Free courses on Coursera.cons:..." Read more

Great content. Printing could be better
4 out of 5 stars
Great content. Printing could be better
I started reading "Algorithms" after Sedgewick and Wayne' s "Computer Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach," which I think is a great place to start for those who are new to (object-oriented) programming. This book, Algorithms, (and the Coursera course or the COS 226 at Princeton) builds your knowledge further by fleshing out the theory behind the data structures. I only made it through the first 3 chapters so far, but I think I became better at writing cleaner, concise, and correct code by reading this book and doing some coding assignments (of the Coursera course, which is based on this book and/or the course COS 226 at Princeton which uses this book). I like this book and the exercises because they provide a good mix of theory and practice. I feel like this book is great preparation for interviews, as well as for further study from books which use pseudo-code.The content itself is great, but I am deducting a point because of the print quality of the textbook. For some reason, a lot of the pages in my copy look grayer than they should. I'm not sure if it's a book formatting issue where the font color was set to gray accidentally or if it is a publisher issue, but for some pages the black text just doesn't appear as crisp and dark. I attached some pictures but my phone seems to color correct things and the difference in the photos doesn't seem big. In person, the variation in the black text throughout the book is definitely noticeable, though.
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on November 20, 2014
The book is about algorithms and data structures in Java, and not about learning to program. My review will contrast this book with Sedgewick's 25+year old "Algorithms in C++" in my shelf. The new algorithms book is such a vast improvement over the old C++ book that I hardly recognize it any more. The new Algorithms has two authors. The authors are using a sub-set of the Java OO features (unlike the C++ version, which used none). While I may not agree in detail with some choices, I can understand, because they explained their coding standards well, and why they limit features. The algorithms are updated to the basic algorithms a student these days needs to have heard of, which includes new material like tries. I was fascinated to see a regular expression evaluation automaton in code, with explanations. Some more esoteric material from the C++ book (for instance, Voronoi diagrams) is left for specialized books. At a few places in the book, the impact of algorithms and data structures is illustrated giving real-world examples. And I have yet to read chapter 6.
But what really impressed me was the code. This book shows the fundamental data structures and algorithms in just a few lines of beautiful and well-thought code. Sure, any nit-picker may find quibbles, but most choices are understandable from a didactic and printing perspective. This code is so much better than any in the old C++ book. The authors preferred clarity, yet the code is still concise. The authors are clear about feature creep, and limit their code to what is needed and no more, though some extensions are part of the exercises. I am reminded of the Einstein paraphrase "As simple as possible, but no simpler".
More complex data structures and algorithms need multiple code boxes, which are all explained in detail, with the box appearing close to the explanation. Some readers may take issue with the density of information in examples, but I find it advantageous to have all information close-by rather than spread out. I prefer to pore over their dense examples than having to flip pages.
26 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on March 8, 2024
Clear explanations of each topic, code in java is easy to understand, book arrived in perfect conditions to Bolivia.
Reviewed in the United States on June 25, 2013
The authors provide an clear and concise set of criterion for the use of algorithms in general, and then go about developing the basic set to use in daily development of your own. I got this book as a reference to assist newcomers and interns in their progress, but find myself referring to its contents frequently to remind myself of some foundational elements that have floated merrily away over the years.

I would heartily recommend this book to everyone. For the student to learn the basic set of algorithms, for the entry and mid level software engineers (or programmers) to inspire new ideas from a solid foundation, and for us veterans as a reminder to a solid way for development of our own algorithms.

It is well written, and easy to understand (even for the interns I've had read through it). The examples are developed around Java, and so the book starts with a section on Java and basic programming techniques. It contains a large set of the basic algorithms that are frequently necessary on a day to day basis, but also shows HOW and WHY they were developed. It also provides a section on several advanced topics, again with an eye to the HOWs and WHYs. All along the way, there are references to "Good" development foundations, and reminders the development philosophies.
8 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 29, 2020
I started reading "Algorithms" after Sedgewick and Wayne' s "Computer Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach," which I think is a great place to start for those who are new to (object-oriented) programming. This book, Algorithms, (and the Coursera course or the COS 226 at Princeton) builds your knowledge further by fleshing out the theory behind the data structures. I only made it through the first 3 chapters so far, but I think I became better at writing cleaner, concise, and correct code by reading this book and doing some coding assignments (of the Coursera course, which is based on this book and/or the course COS 226 at Princeton which uses this book). I like this book and the exercises because they provide a good mix of theory and practice. I feel like this book is great preparation for interviews, as well as for further study from books which use pseudo-code.

The content itself is great, but I am deducting a point because of the print quality of the textbook. For some reason, a lot of the pages in my copy look grayer than they should. I'm not sure if it's a book formatting issue where the font color was set to gray accidentally or if it is a publisher issue, but for some pages the black text just doesn't appear as crisp and dark. I attached some pictures but my phone seems to color correct things and the difference in the photos doesn't seem big. In person, the variation in the black text throughout the book is definitely noticeable, though.
Customer image
4.0 out of 5 stars Great content. Printing could be better
Reviewed in the United States on May 29, 2020
I started reading "Algorithms" after Sedgewick and Wayne' s "Computer Science: An Interdisciplinary Approach," which I think is a great place to start for those who are new to (object-oriented) programming. This book, Algorithms, (and the Coursera course or the COS 226 at Princeton) builds your knowledge further by fleshing out the theory behind the data structures. I only made it through the first 3 chapters so far, but I think I became better at writing cleaner, concise, and correct code by reading this book and doing some coding assignments (of the Coursera course, which is based on this book and/or the course COS 226 at Princeton which uses this book). I like this book and the exercises because they provide a good mix of theory and practice. I feel like this book is great preparation for interviews, as well as for further study from books which use pseudo-code.

The content itself is great, but I am deducting a point because of the print quality of the textbook. For some reason, a lot of the pages in my copy look grayer than they should. I'm not sure if it's a book formatting issue where the font color was set to gray accidentally or if it is a publisher issue, but for some pages the black text just doesn't appear as crisp and dark. I attached some pictures but my phone seems to color correct things and the difference in the photos doesn't seem big. In person, the variation in the black text throughout the book is definitely noticeable, though.
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4 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on September 9, 2015
Short and simple this book WALKS you through what data structures are, their purpose and use. It teaches you not only the concepts but provides complete code examples. What I particularly liked is how the book teaches you to systematically test and measure the performance of the data structures and points out why it performs as measured using both mathematical theory as well as data driven analysis. The content of the book is presented in an order which allows you to learn gradually and use what was learned in earlier chapters to develop more complex ideas in later chapters. This book can be read by absolute beginners, meaning you don't need a prior exposure to data structures to grasp the content as it progresses from simple to advanced. Another great point is this book goes out of its way to give real world applications and uses of the data structures and their associated algorithms; giving the reader a real grasp on the usefulness of the content, making it real, not just an academic pursuit. There is no shortage of material, a very good balance of breath and depth.
8 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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Erika
5.0 out of 5 stars Muito didático com excelentes figuras
Reviewed in Brazil on July 18, 2023
Esse livro é muito completo e extremente didático a partir do uso de ilustrações e repleto de passo-a-passos.
Noharicot
5.0 out of 5 stars Reçu en bon état, dans les délais
Reviewed in Belgium on October 30, 2023
Le livre est excellent ! Une bonne ressource
iliass
5.0 out of 5 stars Soo much wisdom
Reviewed in France on November 17, 2022
The book teaches algorithms with a scientific approach and there is no magic everything is proved. The code is simple and elegant. The author has also online course explaining the book content.
There is also community driven GitHub repo containing answers to all book’s exercises.
The only thing that I didn’t like is the absence of unit tests.
Amazon Customer
4.0 out of 5 stars Decent book
Reviewed in Sweden on April 24, 2022
Purchased the book for a university course, it contained lots of information, but felt like it didn't go into details. Was also a bit boring at times.
Hector Rodriguez
5.0 out of 5 stars Excelente inversión para aprender o reforzar teoría de algoritmos
Reviewed in Mexico on September 30, 2019
De muy fácil lectura, súper recomendable para quien necesita adquirir o reforzar conocimientos de algoritmos, incluso explica conceptos básicos de programación. Se usa el lenguaje Java en el libro, pero sin problema lo voy traduciendo a Python que es mi fuerte, y pienso que se puede hacer lo mismo para la mayoría de lenguajes que soportan OOP. El precio es alto, pero lo vale, aunque esperé a que tuviera una pequeño descuento. Será una buena referencia para siempre.
One person found this helpful
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