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Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam Decisions of 1965 Paperback – April 15, 1992

4.8 4.8 out of 5 stars 13 ratings

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From World War I to Operation Desert Storm, American policymakers have repeatedly invoked the "lessons of history" as they contemplated taking their nation to war. Do these historical analogies actually shape policy, or are they primarily tools of political justification? Yuen Foong Khong argues that leaders use analogies not merely to justify policies but also to perform specific cognitive and information-processing tasks essential to political decision-making. Khong identifies what these tasks are and shows how they can be used to explain the U.S. decision to intervene in Vietnam. Relying on interviews with senior officials and on recently declassified documents, the author demonstrates with a precision not attained by previous studies that the three most important analogies of the Vietnam era--Korea, Munich, and Dien Bien Phu--can account for America's Vietnam choices. A special contribution is the author's use of cognitive social psychology to support his argument about how humans analogize and to explain why policymakers often use analogies poorly.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

"One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 1993"

"Khong's interviews and newly declassified documents make a compelling case the American decision-makers in 1965 used historical analogies not only to justify decisions but to make them, most notably in the process of rejecting options." ―
Foreign Affairs

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Princeton University Press; 1st edition (April 15, 1992)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 304 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0691025355
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0691025353
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.09 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 0.76 x 9.1 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.8 4.8 out of 5 stars 13 ratings

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Yuen Foong Khong
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4.8 out of 5 stars
4.8 out of 5
13 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on July 20, 2019
Good condition.
Reviewed in the United States on September 23, 2016
great
Reviewed in the United States on August 31, 2016
One the best Theory development books I have.
This book is most recommended for students of Qualitative Reseach methods, to learn how to develop a comparative case study method and of course - how to project from history to current events
Reviewed in the United States on January 4, 2016
This is a groundbreaking book in the debate over political decision-makers’ use of historical analogies. Khong’s thesis states that policymakers do not merely use convenient historical analogies to justify their actions but perform specific cognitive and information processing tasks using the most vivid analogies without even realizing it. The book’s focus is on the Johnson administration’s decision to intervene in Vietnam using analogies from Munich, Korea, and Dien Bien Phu as historical guides.
Khong asserts that the decision to intervene in Vietnam was the inevitable outgrowth of the assumptions of the day: containment, the domino theory, etc., and therefor was not a hypocritical use of analogies to justify aggression. Policymakers, like all humans transform selected aspects of historical events into schema which influences all decisions. Because it is subconscious, historical events are seldom probed for accuracy. In my own research, I see analogies to Neville Chamberlain’s disastrous pact with Hitler in Munich, 1938 used to justify all kinds of actions.
This work is very useful and should be thoroughly internalized by decision-makers and those who work for them. In its framework, it is more “explicitly psychological” than other similar works. I assess Khong’s work to be “analogous” (no pun intended) to the lessons of the Iraq War, fought years after this book’s publication. For now, at least, the result of the Iraq War, like Vietnam, is so bereft of consensus that no clear-cut analogies can be made.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 17, 2008
Khong clearly and succinctly details the role of lessons from history, especially the 1930s, in the decision to escalate the war in Vietnam. His analysis is thorough, relying on archival research. In approach, it is similar to my Rolling the Iron Dice, which analyzes the use of historical analogies by British and American decision makers during four crises in the 1950s: Korea, Iran (1951-3), Suez and Lebanon-Jordan (1958). Both analyze the role of lessons from history, although my work also shows the types of leaders and situations, in which historical analogies are used. Rolling the Iron Dice: Historical Analogies and Decisions to Use Military Force in Regional Contingencies (Contributions in Military Studies)
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