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Anarchy, State, and Utopia Paperback – November 12, 2013
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First published in response to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia has since become one of the defining texts in classic libertarian thought. Challenging and ultimately rejecting liberal, socialist, and conservative agendas, Nozick boldly asserts that the rights of individuals are violated as a state's responsibilities increase—and the only way to avoid these violations rests in the creation of a minimalist state limited to protection against force, fraud, theft, and the enforcement of contracts.
Winner of the 1975 National Book Award, Anarchy, State and Utopia remains one of the most philosophically rich defenses of economic liberalism to date. With a new foreword by Thomas Nagel, this revised edition introduces Nozick and his work to a new generation of readers.
- Print length400 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- Publication dateNovember 12, 2013
- Grade level11 and up
- Reading age13 years and up
- Dimensions5.5 x 1 x 8.25 inches
- ISBN-100465051006
- ISBN-13978-0465051007
- Lexile measure1390L
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"[Nozick's] critique of America's social welfare system...continues to define the debate between conservatives and liberals."―Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, New York Times
"[S]imply and elegantly written, with charm and wit...brilliantly reasoned and contrary."
―Washington Post"No contemporary philosopher possesses a more imaginative mind, broader interests, or greater dialectical abilities than Robert Nozick."―Harper's
"Complex, sophisticated and ingenious."―The Economist
"[Nozick's] powers of argument are profound, and his insights are at times staggering in their brilliance."―New Republic
"[Nozick is] one of the 20th century's greatest political theorists."―The Guardian
"[A] powerful critique of the Left-liberal moral philosophy that underpinned the welfare state...a kind of libertarian manifesto."―Telegraph (UK)
"This book is the best piece of sustained analytical argument in political philosophy to have appeared for a very long time."―Mind
"[Nozick's] faculties of reasoning and imagination are rare; his learning is enormous and interconnected...His ability to surround a subject, to anticipate objections, to see through weakness and pretense, to extract all the implications of a contention, to ask a huge number of relevant questions about a seemingly settled matter, to enlarge into full significance what has only been sketched by others, is amazing."―George Kateb
"A brilliant and important book, bound to contribute notably both to theory and, in time, to the good of society."―W. V. Quine, Harvard University
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Product details
- Publisher : Basic Books; Reprint edition (November 12, 2013)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 400 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0465051006
- ISBN-13 : 978-0465051007
- Reading age : 13 years and up
- Lexile measure : 1390L
- Grade level : 11 and up
- Item Weight : 12 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 1 x 8.25 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #41,641 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #60 in Political Philosophy (Books)
- #93 in History & Theory of Politics
- #122 in Political Conservatism & Liberalism
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Definitely recommended for everyone interested in political philosophy no matter what your current opinions are on the subject. The book is not just presenting one “truth”, but explores a number of alternative views with a conclusion well grounded in the arguments presented. I don’t think you need to agree with the author’s conclusions, at least I enjoyed and was impressed by the quality of the argumentation as such.
Nozick's book is an outstanding logical development, building a philosophical framework upon a presuppositional base of preeminence of individual rights. I've read it cover-to-cover with interest and profit. This book provides an intellectual base to the school of Libertarianism that so attracts people in Ayn Rand's prose. Notably, I have read late-in-life interviews with Nozick in which he said that he became less libertarian as he got older.
This book really should be read in conjunction with John Rawls' "A Theory of Justice," which I have not yet finished cover-to-cover due to its length and unavailability as an audiobook. After reading the most famous parts in Rawls book, I did finish a few good summaries and commentaries on the "Theory of Justice." Rawls and Nozick were contemporaries in the Philosophy Department at Harvard, and are leading minds on the left and right, respectively, of the American philosophical spectrum.
The Nozick logic leads to a world of perfect individual rights. In this world, charity becomes dependent on the free will of individuals who choose to grant charity. In this world, the more harsh aspects of Social Darwinism become morally permissible. However, the economist's problem of Moral Hazard (the freeloader problem) is completely solved. One who holds individual rights to be preeminent sees this Nozick system as perfectly satisfying the Golden Rule (aka principle of reciprocity), because at the formation of the social contract, all agree to accept individual rights as preeminent, thus "doing unto others as we would have them do to us."
The Rawls logic stems from applying the Golden Rule prior to developing the social contract behind a "veil of ignorance," in which founders/citizens do not yet know the circumstances and advantages of their birth. While complete individual rights may have been present while drawing up the social contract "behind the veil of ignorance," once out in society a measure of compassion and charity becomes almost obligatory, due to agreements made behind the veil of ignorance. In this world, the more harsh aspects of Social Darwinism will not be allowed by the social contract. However, this world is more susceptible to economist's problem of Moral Hazard (the freeloader problem) than Nozick's world.
Interestingly, both the Nozick and Rawls approach can be reconciled with both the Golden Rule and Kant's Categorical Imperative, as can Ayn Rand's thesis (and I've read papers by philosopher graduate students and Ph.D graduates doing so).
My bottom line? If men and women were gods and goddesses, either of these systems could make a happy world. The problem is that we are not.
The final section -- Utopia -- is rather interesting, as Nozick takes a somewhat eclectic viewpoint, arguing that utopia is the journey and not the destination. He spends little time on existing utopian theory, instead pointing out (rightly) the flaws common to virtually all of it, and then discussing an alternative way of considering the idea.
Where Nozick is weakest is his treatment of the alleged necessity of the minimal state; despite thinking he has answered the objections of individualist anarchists, he has at best dodged them. He finishes his treatment of the subject with an entire chapter full of silly utilitarianism, theorising about means of maximising total utils without ever explaining what a util is or how one could possibly measure it, and declares the matter settled. Yet never does he explain what mechanism actually makes it okay to put a gun to somebody's head and extract revenue; perhaps that makes the utils come out.
Overall, this is a highly engaging book, and a must-read for any serious student of political philosophy.
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E, prima ancora degli spunti, quel che resta (e sempre resterà) del libro è il suo valore letterario.
Just wouldn't purchase anything from PBC Distributors. Had a terrible experience.








