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The Animal Estate: The English and Other Creatures in the Victorian Age Paperback – March 1, 1989

4.6 4.6 out of 5 stars 14 ratings

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Harriet Ritvo provides a picture of how animals figured in English thinking during the 19th century and, by extension, how they served as metaphors for human psychological needs and sociopolitical aspirations. Victorian England has been seen as a period of burgeoning scientific cattle breeding and newly fashionable dog shows; the age of Empire and big game hunting; and an era of reform and reformers that saw the birth of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. This volume examines Victorian thinking about animals in the context of other lines of thought: evolution, class structure, popular science and natural history, and imperial domination. The papers and publications of people and organizations concerned with agricultural breeding, veterinary medicine, the world of pets, vivisection and other humane causes, zoos, hunting at home and abroad, all reveal underlying assumptions and deeply held convictions - for example, about Britain's imperial enterprise, social discipline, and the hierarchy of orders, in nature and in human society. The text seeks to contribute a further topic of inquiry into Victorian studies; its combination of rhetorical analysis with more conventional methods of historical research seeks to offer the reader a new perspective on Victorian culture.

Editorial Reviews

Review

“The brilliance of Ritvo’s book, my favorite for 1987…[lies] in the particular examples that she has chosen to illustrate the institutional bonds of humans with other animals… She tells so many wonderful stories.”Stephen Jay Gould, New York Review of Books

“This is both an amusing and a valuable book… Harriet Ritvo is concerned primarily with the discussion, use, and display of animals as part of a rhetoric of human and class ascendancy. But the material presented here with impressive lucidity and control should interest virtually any reader. And the book is intriguingly and lavishly illustrated, mostly with engravings and woodcuts from sources ranging from
Punch to natural histories, stockbreeders’ publications, newspapers and paintings… An important book for anyone with an interest in the sociology of animals, and in the more general social history that emerges from its beautifully presented wealth of detail.”Vicki Hearne, New York Times Book Review

The Animal Estate is about power. It offers an invigorating new interpretation of an era often characterized as sentimental in its attachment to animals by showing how the work of people and organizations concerned with animals invariably came to portray them as property… This interesting book definitely has a bite.”Times Higher Education Supplement

“An unusual social history of Victorian England… Deftly written and generously illustrated,
The Animal Estate details the spectrum of Victorian animal concerns: the antivivisection movement, the popularity of zoology, the hunt, the rabies panic (not unlike today’s pit bull hysteria), and more. The reader will come out with a fuller understanding of the Victorian people and the development of our bonds with animals.”Animals

“This is a remarkable book about how, in a uniquely exploitative age, animals became surrogates for human aspirations. Ritvo is not content with theoretical interpretation of human–animal interaction; she examines the attitudes of the people who actually had animals in their charge: pet owners, farmers, sportsmen, zoologists. It is a book of extraordinary timeliness.”
Coral Lansbury, Rutgers University

About the Author

Harriet Ritvo is Arthur J. Conner Professor of History at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harvard University Press (March 1, 1989)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 360 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0674037073
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0674037076
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.25 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.14 x 0.9 x 9.25 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.6 4.6 out of 5 stars 14 ratings

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4.6 out of 5 stars
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  • Reviewed in the United States on August 12, 2016
    Before we had Millennials to pick on, there were the Victorians. Whether it be the proliferation of pornography or the hysteria surrounding diseases and their control, the Victorians have always availed themselves as a congenial target for social historians. This book takes a fun Foucauldian swipe at their antics pertaining specifically to their changing relationship with animals, and those who owned them. This was quite the popular book when it first came out in the middle 80s and it's easy to understand why. Ritvo's writing is very readable and the material both accessible & entertaining to the general reader. Each chapter deals with a separate subject that relates to the overall theme of animals and the Victorians' use of power to dominate and then management them. One chapter focuses on the special Victorian cachet of raising prized beef. A male aristocratic pastime that masqueraded as public service. This fatty nonsense is enhanced by the reflexive fad of aristocratic ladies fascinated by the prestige of serving a roast "that could be identified by name". The next chapter targets the Victorian need for control through "pure" breeding of pets. The quest for the creation of the ideal breed in a dog denotes the Victorian imagination, rather than any scientific prowess. Breeds were spun mostly out of fancy. The search for cat breeds met with much less success as fur coloration proven almost entirely the sole distinction between felines. The example of the bulldog is especially entertaining as the author accuses it of being hardly a breed to begin with, but rather "a motley group of similarly talented animals". Talented as to bull baiting, it's original job function, the rise of the breed is particularly noteworthy as its extinction seemed almost certain after parliament banned bull baiting in the early nineteenth century. A national symbol created at the same time it's bereft of its utility. There's a moral packed in there, somewhere..... The emergence of humane institutions gets and deserves their own chapter. Victorians might not have cared a whit for their neighbor, but the sight of a horse being beaten on the thoroughfare plagued their sensitive nerves. The progress of the stigma against the abuse of animals is chronicled alongside the necessary beginnings of enforcement. The author takes note that if the upper classes couldn't outlaw the lower classes, they could still take them to court. There's progress for you. Ritvo then moves from the domestic scene to the international, the last two chapters focus on the transformation of menageries into zoos proper, as well as the journey from "big game hunting" in the extended empire to the management of animal species through preservation and law enforcement, however feeble and class oriented. This is history compartmentalized into its delimited period. A reader might get the mistaken and farcical impression that the Brits paid no mind to animals before the late eighteenth century. The English, or some of them, anyway, have undoubtedly always loved their pets and then went hunting when the mood attached itself. Yet the nineteenth century on the whole does appear to be a singular time of transition in England and its power politics in social life seems somewhat ever-present. Certainly, Ritvo's book ably demonstrates that subtle and unsubtle power dynamic is as much a four legged affair as two. This begs the question: when man eventually casts his eye of concern on other living creatures, is this the moment when the problems of those others really begin?
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  • Reviewed in the United States on June 26, 2019
    This book is very well researched and comprehensive.
  • Reviewed in the United States on June 20, 2017
    Another aspect

Top reviews from other countries

  • FXT
    5.0 out of 5 stars A great book
    Reviewed in France on January 20, 2016
    This is a very intelligent and bracing study, that avoids generally accepted ideas on that topic, especially in the Anglo-American world.
  • Olive Tree
    5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on March 12, 2015
    Excellent service - wonderful read