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Are We Spiritual Machines?: Ray Kurzweil vs. the Critics of Strong AI Paperback – March 31, 2002


Computers are becoming more powerful at an ever-increasing rate, but will they ever become conscious? Artificial intelligence guru Ray Kurzweil thinks so and explains how we will "download" our software (our minds) and "upgrade" our hardware (our bodies) to become immortal -- before the dawn of the 22nd century. In this debate with his critics, including several Discovery Institute Fellows, Kurzweil defends his views and sets the stage for the central question: "What does it mean to be human?"
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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on November 30, 2002
    The work, inventions, and opinions of Ray Kurzweil in the field of artificial intelligence have captured media attention and the attention of philosophers and researchers in artificial intelligence. But not only is Kurzweil one of the most brilliant and controversial of all the individuals working in artificial intelligence, he is also the most optimistic. This optimism holds not only for the future technology of artificial intelligence, predicted by Kurzweil to give independent thinking machines in the next three decades, but also for its social impact. Kurzweil believes that artificial intelligence will work for the benefit of humankind, but that this benefit will depend to a great degree on his belief that humans will take on technology that will effectively make them cybernetic.
    The controversy behind Kurzweil stems from his recent book "The Age of Spirtual Machines", which is a detailed accounting of his predictions and beliefs regarding artificial intelligence. Many individuals objected to his visions and predictions, and he answers a few of them in this book. In particular, he attempts to counter the arguments against him by the philosopher John Searle, the molecular biologist Michael Denton, the philosopher William A. Dembski, and zoologist Thomas Ray. With only a few minor exceptions, Kurzweil is successful in his refutation of their assertions.
    But even if Kurzweil completely refutes the arguments of these individuals, and possibly many more against him, the countering of arguments will not by itself solve the problems in artificial intelligence research. The fact remains that much work still needs to be done before we are priveleged to see the rise of intelligent machines. Kurzweil is well-aware of this, for he acknowledges this many times in this book. He points to reverse engineering of the human brain as one of the most promising strategies to bring in the robotic presence. The success or failure of this strategy will take the mind-body problem out of purely academic circles and bring it to the forefront of practical research in artificial intelligence. The 21st century will thus see the rise of the "industrial philosopher", who works in the laboratory beside the programmers, cognitive scientists, robot engineers, and neurologists.
    Each reader of this book will of course have their own opinions on Kurzweil's degree of success in countering the arguments of Searle, Denton, Dembski, and Ray. But one thing is very clear: Kurzweil is no arm-chair philosopher engaging in purely academic debates on the mind-body problem. He is right in the thick of the research and development of artificial intelligence, and if the future turns out as he predicts, he will certainly be one of the individuals contributing to it. He and many others currently working in artificial intelligence are responsible for major advances in this field in just the last few years. Their ingenuity and discipline is admirable in a field that has experienced a roller coaster ride of confidence and disappointment in the preceding decades. All of these individuals have proved themselves to be superb thinking machines.
    66 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on June 25, 2012
    This is an informative conceptual work by a world innovator in the mechanical thinking and processing world. His work is paramount in allowing the student of the computer to see artificial intelligence advancements and the logic unraveling the difficulties associated with a coming machine led world. As the subject is quite futuristic in consideration, after his text a reader might re think the world of A.I.

    I personally disagree with this world renowned genius about the value of A.I. when the GW sequences of events are increasing global devastation. Or I feel he over values A.I. as whether humans will have the ability to exist next to and participate in an inferior societal positioning to the machine, is even livable or survivable. We will prove it one way or another with CO2 and methane, regardless of A.I. and computer superiority. We may arrive at the door step to bake our planet before we are assimilated.
    ChangeItOrDrownIt
    B 36 Ears
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  • Reviewed in the United States on February 6, 2003
    I enjoy reading Kurzweil because he's an adventurous thinker. This book is particularly fun because some other fine minds take him to task. Ray holds up well because he's a reasonable thinker. Although some of his predicitions seem outlandish, they may not be. You can't read this book without engaging in a lot of interesting visualization about the future. Some of it is frightening, but there is hope as well. Will the future runaway on it's own or will we be in charge? I don't know, but I'm sure thinking about it, now.
    35 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on June 28, 2013
    Opinion about whether we are spirituals machines or not comes after we know what is meant by spritual?
    Time, space, spirit or soul, working of mind etc these are all beyond the realm of science. Science is limited to five senses. What can not be sensed with these five senses is beyond science. We may not ever be able to know the truth about these. We can feel happy to postulate theories but these will never be definitely proved.
    And there comes the truth about existence of God, the One Who created all these and has the knowledge.
    Science has not even come to know what is the nature of the smallest particle and of what substance is it made of. In fact the scientists are still arguing over whether the smallest particle is matter or energy? The same is the case of nature of light which can perfectly be considered as energy and equally proved as mass!
    Hence we can not be machines, spiritually or mateially. We all are unique entity with free will within limited parameters and will be answerable to the Creator for how we behave in this life and be punished or rewarded in the hereafter life.
    Taimur Tareen
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on March 7, 2005
    In this book, the pessimists bring to light some huge mountains that will have to be crossed before AI ever becomes a reality. The same ideas are repeated over and over and over again. A lack of having a steady stream of new information soon becomes tedious to get through. Nevertheless, new information does keep pouring in, albeit at a slow place, and makes reading the entire book worthwhile for any AI enthusiast.
    13 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on July 24, 2013
    Very interesting read on strong artificial intelligence. It's pretty much what the title says: Ray Kurzweil arguing about ideas on strong ai and the future. His ideas are really interesting. He pretty much predicts that the future will be like Ghost in the Shell anime with people becoming cyborgs and uploading your mind to the internet.
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on August 1, 2016
    Ray Kurzweil is an amazing scientist and amazing human being. This book is a challenge to get through, because it's packed with the real deal, and you won't come away from it without gaining real insight. Unfortunately look at the subject matter? Not fun - but - most likely true.

Top reviews from other countries

  • Amazon Customer
    3.0 out of 5 stars Three Stars
    Reviewed in Canada on May 28, 2018
    interesting