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Behavioral Insights (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series) Paperback – September 1, 2020
| Michael Hallsworth (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
| Elspeth Kirkman (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
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Our behavior is strongly influenced by factors that lie outside our conscious awareness, although we tend to underestimate the power of this “automatic” side of our behavior. As a result, governments make ineffective policies, businesses create bad products, and individuals make unrealistic plans. In contrast, the behavioral insights approach applies evidence about actual human behavior—rather than assumptions about it—to practical problems. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, written by two leading experts in the field, offers an accessible introduction to behavioral insights, describing core features, origins, and practical examples.
Since 2010, these insights have opened up new ways of addressing some of the biggest challenges faced by societies, changing the way that governments, businesses, and nonprofits work in the process. This book shows how the approach is grounded in a concern with practical problems, the use of evidence about human behavior to address those problems, and experimentation to evaluate the impact of the solutions. It gives an overview of the approach's origins in psychology and behavioral economics, its early adoption by the UK's pioneering “nudge unit,” and its recent expansion into new areas. The book also provides examples from across different policy areas and guidance on how to run a behavioral insights project. Finally, the book outlines the limitations and ethical implications of the approach, and what the future holds for this fast-moving area.
- Print length248 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherThe MIT Press
- Publication dateSeptember 1, 2020
- Dimensions5.06 x 0.69 x 7.06 inches
- ISBN-100262539403
- ISBN-13978-0262539401
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—Cass R. Sunstein, Robert Walmsley University Professor, and coauthor of Nudge
About the Author
Elspeth Kirkman founded BIT's North American office before returning to the UK to run the organization's social policy portfolio out of London. She has taught behavioral insights courses at Harvard and Warwick Universities and is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at King's College London.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
The new options offered by behavioral insights have tended to attract the most attention. As the case of food consumption shows, the evidence may have surprising implications that cut against our assumptions and open up new ideas. As discussed later, many of these ideas may deal with the way that choices are structured—what has been called “choice architecture.” For example, many people display a “compromise effect,” whereby they use a mental shortcut of “go for the middle option.” Awareness of this compromise effect may reveal new approaches. Studies have shown that soft-drink consumption can be reduced by removing the largest cup size on offer and adding a smaller one at the bottom of the scale, since people often choose the middle option, regardless of its size. And thinking more carefully about the order in which options are presented offers another new opportunity. For example, sales of a sugared soft drink declined when it was moved from first to third in the list of options in electronic touchscreen kiosks in 622 McDonald’s restaurants.
However, the behavioral insights approach does not just offer new tools. Using it as a lens can also, for example, reveal how existing actions may be creating unintended and undesirable behaviors; it could highlight the biases that affect policymakers themselves; it could show the flawed assumptions about behavior in a proposed rule and show how it can be changed; or it could show that the best solution may not be attempting to change behavior at all, but rather redesigning services around what is already occurring.
This point is worth stressing because it counters some misperceptions about the true scope and value of behavioral insights. One is that the behavioral insights approach is just an alternative to more traditional instruments like information, taxation, or legislation—and has nothing to say about these options. As just shown, behavioral insights can provide recommendations about how these approaches should be put into practice that can make the difference between success and failure. Another misperception is that the approach just deals with tweaks or incremental changes—or that it is focused solely on individuals’ decisions. As shown earlier, this approach can be used to completely rethink and redesign systems or policies like sugared drink taxation. A final misperception is to see the behavioral insights approach just as an optional extra “tool” that policymakers can use (or not) if they feel like it. But since most government policies are concerned with influencing behavior (from murder laws to sex education), behavioral insights will have something to say about most policies.
Product details
- Publisher : The MIT Press (September 1, 2020)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 248 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0262539403
- ISBN-13 : 978-0262539401
- Item Weight : 8 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.06 x 0.69 x 7.06 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #474,939 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #589 in Social Services & Welfare (Books)
- #772 in Popular Applied Psychology
- #1,278 in Decision-Making & Problem Solving
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Michael Hallsworth, PhD, is Managing Director of the Behavioral Insights Team, North America.
Michael was previously a Senior Policy Advisor in the Cabinet Office of the UK government and has in-depth experience of developing policy and designing services for national governments and international organizations.
Michael has also been a leading figure in applying behavioral science to government, having authored several influential frameworks such as EAST, Behavioral Government, and the MINDSPACE report (which has been cited more than 1,000 times to date). His work has been published in, among others, The Lancet, the Journal of Public Economics, and Nature Human Behaviour.
Michael has a PhD in behavioral economics from Imperial College London, and a First Class MA and MPhil from the University of Cambridge. He is an Assistant Professor (Adjunct) at Columbia University and an Honorary Lecturer at Imperial College London.

Elspeth Kirkman is a behavioural scientist whose work focuses on making public policy more effective.
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We like to believe that our decisions and behaviors are mostly driven by rational, cost-benefit analysis that weighs the pros and the cons of our actions...what this book highlights is that this belief is often mistaken. As the authors state, "much of our behavior is nonconscious, habitual, and driven by cues in the environment or the way in which choices are presented." And while lots of books have been written about the "irrational" way in which be behave, Behavioral Insights provides a lens in which we can view our actions and leverage both our rational and the automatic thinking systems. They bring in some very practical ways that we can apply this lens to our world to improve our outcomes - in work and policy.
I also very much appreciated the emphasis on where the field of Behavioral Science is going and the ethical concerns that we need to think about as practitioners and researchers. It is an area that I believe we need to have more focus and conversations on.
Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on September 1, 2020
We like to believe that our decisions and behaviors are mostly driven by rational, cost-benefit analysis that weighs the pros and the cons of our actions...what this book highlights is that this belief is often mistaken. As the authors state, "much of our behavior is nonconscious, habitual, and driven by cues in the environment or the way in which choices are presented." And while lots of books have been written about the "irrational" way in which be behave, Behavioral Insights provides a lens in which we can view our actions and leverage both our rational and the automatic thinking systems. They bring in some very practical ways that we can apply this lens to our world to improve our outcomes - in work and policy.
I also very much appreciated the emphasis on where the field of Behavioral Science is going and the ethical concerns that we need to think about as practitioners and researchers. It is an area that I believe we need to have more focus and conversations on.
If you want to read about behavioral insights, try a different book.
This book is not an introductory text. Readers with a more than general understanding and interest in behavioral economics will get the most out of this book.
If you are interested in the topic, suggest that you read one or more of the books on the topic by Kahnamen “Thinking, Fast and Slow” or Thaler “Nudge” or Ariely “Predictably Irrational”. These books explain and illustrate behavioral economics that once understood bring this book to life. I found Ariely to be the most entertaining of the books, but anyone will do.
The power of this book is in its discussion of the author’s experience applying these ideas different social, cultural and individual issues. Michael Hallsworth and Elspeth Kirkman are leaders on the Behavioral Insights Team giving them deep experience. In addition to that experience, both provide a well-reasoned and balanced view of the overall field. While this book is more about policy than application, it does a great job of taking the readers understanding to the next level.
Chapter 4 – Applying Behavioral Insights is reason enough to read the book. It offers a clearly laid out approach that the authors used in their work. The clarity and illustrations bring a ‘how do you do that’ dimension lacking in other works.
Chapters 5 – Criticisms, Considerations and Limitations presents a thorough and balanced perspective of the strengths and weaknesses of the discipline. The chapter will seem academic and policy oriented, but consideration on these items is essential for the leader and practitioner
Chapter 6 – The Future of Behavioral Insights looks at how these techniques can be applied in a future with new technologies like data analytics, human centered design, etc.
Overall, this is a book I am smarter for having read, but you need to know more than a little to get the most from this book.
Top reviews from other countries
It's missing the Behaviour Change Wheel by S. Michie and colleagues which is used quite widely in the UK and elsewhere by governments.











