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The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease Hardcover – Illustrated, July 14, 2015
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The psychiatric establishment and rehab industry in the Western world have branded addiction a brain disease. But in The Biology of Desire, cognitive neuroscientist and former addict Marc Lewis makes a convincing case that addiction is not a disease, and shows why the disease model has become an obstacle to healing.
Lewis reveals addiction as an unintended consequence of the brain doing what it's supposed to do-seek pleasure and relief-in a world that's not cooperating. As a result, most treatment based on the disease model fails. Lewis shows how treatment can be retooled to achieve lasting recovery. This is enlightening and optimistic reading for anyone who has wrestled with addiction either personally or professionally.
- Print length256 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPublicAffairs
- Publication dateJuly 14, 2015
- Dimensions6.5 x 1 x 9.5 inches
- ISBN-109781610394376
- ISBN-13978-1610394376
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Review
Marc Lewis's new book neatly links current thinking about addiction with neuroscience theory and artfully selected biographies. Ex-addicts, we learn, are not 'cured'; rather they have become more connected to others, wiser, and more in touch with their own humanity. This is a hopeful message that has, as Lewis demonstrates, the advantage of also being true.Gene Heyman, author of Addiction: Disorder of Choice
The Biology of Desire says a lot about the brain mechanisms underpinning addiction but, to its credit, does not stop there. With minor exceptions, we do not help addicts (and they do not help themselves) by ministering directly to their brains. As Mr. Lewis stresses throughout this unorthodox but enlightening book, people learn to be addicts, and, with effort, they can learn not to be addicts, too.Wall Street Journal
Informed by unparalleled neuroscientific insight and written with his usual flare, Marc Lewis's The Biology of Desire effectively refutes the medical view of addiction as a primary brain disease. A bracing and informative corrective to the muddle that now characterizes public and professional discourse on this topic.Gabor Mat, M.D., author of In The Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters With Addiction
Neuroscientist Lewis delves into the functioning of the addicted brain. He intends to demonstrate that addiction (substance abuse but also behavioral addictions such as eating disorders, gambling, etc.) is not a disease....This objective is met by the detailed life stories of five recovering addicts the author has interviewed. Their descent into the grips of addiction reads like passages of a junkie's memoir: terrifying and page-turning.... [T]his work helps make sense of how addiction operates and is recommended for readers wanting to learn more on the topic.Library Journal
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Product details
- ASIN : 1610394372
- Publisher : PublicAffairs; Illustrated edition (July 14, 2015)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 256 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9781610394376
- ISBN-13 : 978-1610394376
- Item Weight : 1.05 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.5 x 1 x 9.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #136,542 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #391 in Substance Abuse Recovery
- #564 in Cognitive Psychology (Books)
- #597 in Biology (Books)
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This books underlying thesis is while addiction is a harmful, compulsive, and incredibly hard to control, it is not a disease and should not fall under the disease model. He does not argue in anyway the brain doesn't change from ongoing drug use, as you'll no doubt see in trainings/lectures where people show a heroin brain next to a normal one. Rather, what he argues is the brain changes from just about any experience. So, if you are craving chocolate and have a similar scan your brain will show differences than a brain not craving chocolate. Similarly, if you're in love, which can make us all be a little nuts, your brain will show a very similar scan to someone addicted to heroin. His overall point is strong desires, achieving those desires, strong desires, achieving those desires, eventually results in a feedback loop that disrupts neural/brain processes responsible for modifying our behavior.
What was most interesting to me was his discussion of ego depletion in Chapter 8, where he discusses treatment methods or advice from people is actually self defeating. If you are attempting to stop using heroin, alcohol, or what not, simply saying to yourself "I won't use", "I must not use", or something similar is one of the worst things to do because it depletes the very area of your brain that helps you not use heroin, making it more likely you will. Rather, you should reinterpret your experiences, view of the substance, and the situation, which results in less or no depletion.
The reason I like this book so much is it's not a pie in the sky, nonsense fluff you will often read and is based on solid research and the way our minds work. He easily combines various brain structures with real life examples to make his underlying point. It is both intellectually demanding (remembering the various brain regions and their interactions) but also very dramatic and real. It's hard not to feel sympathy for some of the people he presents.
I'd highly recommend this book. Again, it's not dismissing neuroscience or brain research, he points out multiple times it's important to erase the stigma of addiction so people can get help, but he shows in a very concise, understanding way we should not view addiction as a disease similar to cancer, diabetes, or what not. It's very readable and combines current research with good stories of people he's spoken to who have been through heroin, meth, and alcohol addiction up to someone being anoxeric and how they're similar.
Lewis manages to synthesize a large body of literature that a layperson (which I am when it comes to the neurobiology of addiction) cannot do on one's own. I've always wished I could have a conversation with an addiction neuroscientist who had not blindly accepted the disease model, and that is essentially what this book is. However, his disagreements with others such as Nora Volkow are actually quite subtle and sophisticated, and I wonder if readers will miss the subtlety, chalking it up to mere semantics. For instance, “hijacking” of the brain’s natural reward system is the metaphor often used in the brain disease model, which some might argue is not that different from Lewis’ notion that addiction is an “accelerated” or “deep” form of the developmental learning our brains are meant to do. However, I think one crucial difference is he’s challenging the notion that the DRUG is the key point on which to intervene. The disease model needs a vector or pathogen, which the drug becomes, and this turns our attention away from what the person is experiencing and the meaning attached to that experience. Rather, Lewis argues, we have a natural motivation toward powerful emotional experiences, and drugs can provide a particularly powerful experience that we more quickly learn to seek out than other, less powerfully motivating experiences (nonlinear dynamics here being critical). Over time, people who are addicted (and not just to drugs) become trapped in the moment-to-moment experiences and disconnected from their past and future. The question becomes, how does the perspective change such that the meaning attached to the experience drugs provide is less powerful? (Understanding this also can help us to understand why most people who try drugs, even heroin, do NOT become addicted...for whatever reason the experience was not as powerful or as meaningful for them.)
When we turn our attention away from the big, bad drug, it really does change how we intervene. In particular, we have a lot more to learn in exploring Lewis’ theories around ego fatigue, the addict’s perspective on time (linear v circular), and "social scaffolding." What might drain some people’s willpower more than other people’s? What are the effects of stress, inequality, oppression, and poverty on one’s ability to avoid ego fatigue, or on one’s ability to envision a better future? More importantly, what causes one to shift perspective, and can social scaffolding precipitate and not just take advantage of these shifts in perspective?
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For example, the Chapter 'Defining Addiction' isn't about a definition at all - it's about undermining the current view of addiction. The author's definition is reserved for 'A Brain Designed For Addiction' right after. His explanations of what his case studies were experiencing are unreasonably complicated and his choice of 4 out of 5 being substance abuse or misuse is surprising when he seems to be at pains to explain addiction in natural processes within the brain that don't need external drugs to come about.
There's no case study of gambling here or sex addiction (both of which he uses as repeated examples as one-liners). How about kleptomania? How about establishing a definition of addiction and show how the natural processes lead to an addiction when no drugs or pharmaceutical stimulants are part of the road that brings it about? Or, perhaps better, stimulates the addiction to come about through natural brain processes? The food example he uses begins with a psychological problem that finds its outworking in an eating 'disorder' and not from a brain response to everyday circumstances.
Having said that, the book is fairly useful to highlight the way the brain works and how habits are formed - but application to acceptable social addictions (like collecting porcelain or watching films) should really have been set beside the more unacceptable ones that he deals with.
It's a shame that the author didn't aim for a simpler application for his assertions here - and, having now read it, I am still not equipped by it to understand natural addictions and habits - so that the book seems to fall between the need for the man in the street to be able to come to grips with how addictions are formed and the more scientifically trained reader.
It is well worth reading. It has changed my perspective on addiction and it gave me the hope that we can help addicts or they can help themselves by changing their perspective.
A huge thanks from bottom of my heart to Mark Lewis for this great book!
This is the companion book .(Buy both ,don't hesitate .)
Marc Lewis has a way of pacing his descriptions which make his writing truly addictive. (at times jaw dropping)
He takes the science out of the Lab and into peoples lives , resulting in a very different story (rather like the recent drama at Volkswagen ).
To understand your addiction (mine has been alcohol,my son's Cannabis) is to empower yourself to overcome it.











