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Blueprint: How DNA Makes Us Who We Are Hardcover – October 30, 2018
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A top behavioral geneticist makes the case that DNA inherited from our parents at the moment of conception can predict our psychological strengths and weaknesses.
In Blueprint, behavioral geneticist Robert Plomin describes how the DNA revolution has made DNA personal by giving us the power to predict our psychological strengths and weaknesses from birth. A century of genetic research shows that DNA differences inherited from our parents are the consistent life-long sources of our psychological individualitythe blueprint that makes us who we are. This, says Plomin, is a game changer.
Plomin has been working on these issues for almost fifty years, conducting longitudinal studies of twins and adoptees. He reports that genetics explains more of the psychological differences among people than all other factors combined. Genetics accounts for fifty percent of psychological differencesnot just mental health and school achievement but all psychological traits, from personality to intellectual abilities. Nature, not nurture is what makes us who we are.
Plomin explores the implications of this, drawing some provocative conclusionsamong them that parenting styles don't really affect children's outcomes once genetics is taken into effect. Neither tiger mothers nor attachment parenting affects children's ability to get into Harvard. After describing why DNA matters, Plomin explains what DNA does, offering readers a unique insider's view of the exciting synergies that came from combining genetics and psychology.
- Print length266 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherMit Pr
- Publication dateOctober 30, 2018
- Dimensions6.5 x 1 x 9.25 inches
- ISBN-100262039168
- ISBN-13978-0262039161
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Product details
- Publisher : Mit Pr (October 30, 2018)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 266 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0262039168
- ISBN-13 : 978-0262039161
- Item Weight : 1.16 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.5 x 1 x 9.25 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #293,940 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #195 in Genetics (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
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Customers find the book very insightful, nice, and fast reading. They also say the information on genetics is well presented for general reading.
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Customers find the book very insightful, interesting, and revealing. They also say it's a must-read for anybody who wants to learn science.
"...hypotheses are controversial, many are thought-provoking, and worthy of consideration.M. T. Philipps, author of “Keeping Calm “" Read more
"...not systematic and unknown his analysis is outstanding and has powerful implications. This is important and we need to come to terms with it...." Read more
"Easy to understand and quite informative. I liked it so much I bought a copy for a friend." Read more
"This book provides brand new information, information that constitutes a summation of research hinted at by the many twin studies and Head Start..." Read more
Customers find the book well presented for general reading.
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"...Interesting and though-provoking. Well-written." Read more
"very well written. Great overview of behavioural genetics and where it's heading by one of its most notable contributors." Read more
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M. T. Philipps, author of “Keeping Calm “
To a layperson, the obvious question that comes to mind is how is it even possible to disentangle which behavioral traits are due to nature or nurture? There happens to be two very simple answers to this question: large longitudinal twin and adoption studies combined with the ongoing decoding of the human genome.
With Blueprint, Plomin is leveraging the late stage of his distinguished career to publish the culmination of his life’s work on this controversial subject. He’s certainly cognizant of the ideological resistance in the social sciences to any form of genetic explanations, as the prevailing orthodoxy assumes that only environment, and particularly parenting, are causal in largely shaping who we are and our life outcomes.
The Nature of Nurture
Blueprint’s main thesis is what Plomin calls “the nature of nurture” which posits that our genes are nudging us to respond to, interact with, and even shape our environments to fit our individual genetic dispositions. Plomin states ‘Psychological environments are not “out there” imposed on us passively. They are “in here”, experienced by us as we actively perceive, interpret, select, modify, and even create environments correlated with our genetic propensities.”
A simple example Plomin gives is that it’s widely assumed that children who are read to by their parents do better in reading in school and that this is a causal relationship. This is not the case, the relationship is actually correlational in that parents who enjoy reading and who appreciate the value of reading are more likely to be intelligent and want to read to their children too [who share 50% of the parent’s DNA] and that the children inherit some of these traits that make them more interested in and amenable to being read to. The parents may also be picking up on cues exhibited by the child to be read to or who enjoy the stimulation of being read to, while not reading to the child who is restless and would rather engage in rough and tumble play, or play with objects rather than being read to. The is the nature of nurture – subtle genetic cues from the child engage the environmental experience given to the child by the parent and vice versa.
Blueprint is divided into two main parts:
Part One: Why DNA Matters
Chapters
1. Disentangling nature and nurture
2. How do we know that DNA makes us who we are?
3. The nature of nurture
4. DNA matters more as time goes by
5. Abnormal is normal
6. Generalist genes
7. Why children in the same family are so different
8. The DNA blueprint
9. Equal opportunity and meritocracy
Part Two: The DNA Revolution
Chapters
1. DNA: The basics
2. Gene-hunting
3. The DNA fortune teller
4. Predicting who we are
5. Our future is DNA
In the first part of the book, Plomin walks the reader through his early research in behavioral genetics with the Colorado Adoption Project in the 1970s and how these early adoption and twin studies were designed. He explains the fundamentals on how the complex influences of heritability and of the environment can be disentangled and how they are controlled for in studies. And these are not just a few small, single-study samples of twins or adoptions – they encompass tens of thousands of individuals. For example:
• Colorado Adoption Project
• Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart
• Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging
• Louisville Twin Study
Most significant of all is the ongoing study of 13,000 twins born in the UK in the mid-1990s, who Plomin has been tracking and studying longitudinally for over 20 years, including collecting over 55 million items of data from the twins, their parents, and their teachers during this time.
In the second part of the book, Plomin walks the reader through the fundamentals of genetics and explains the terminologies of the science, and how genes are passed on from parent to child. He also explains how genes are identified and studied and how they are now thought to influence our behaviors. His objective here to make the reader literate in genetics as the DNA revolution that’s currently underway will surely advance and have a profound impact on how we understand ourselves.
Some key takeaways for this reviewer are:
• The nature of nurture
• Inherited DNA differences are the major systematic force in making us who we are
• Environment matters, but it’s effects are not systematic in nature, rather environment is a collection of random experiences and interactions
• Longitudinal twin and adoption studies supply a mountain of evidence and are invaluable to disentangling the influence of genes from the environment
• Parenting matters, but not near as much as commonly believed
• Educational achievement is more strongly predicted by genes than by environment or SES
• The DNA revolution is now identifying the specific bits of genes which correlate to behaviors and with cognitive functions/educational achievement
• Very large numbers of genes each contribute a small influence on a given trait (polygenic), rather than a few genes exerting a strong influence as was first thought
If there are any shortcomings with Blueprint, it’s that Plomin is careful not to infer extending his findings to group-level differences, such as between males and females or between ethnic groups. Valuable insights can be gained from such a logical extension in terms of better understanding group academic achievement differences, differences in gender behaviors, or group differences in developing criminal or anti-social behaviors with the objective being to identify and mitigate specific causal factors at the genetic level. Plomin has stated that this area is the “3rd Rail” in his field, suggesting that he’s well-aware of the career risks for researching these topics in this day and age of leftist “cancel culture” at universities and in the media - even if the science is on his side.
The data presented in Blueprint is about as robust, comprehensive, and predictive that there is in all of the social sciences and Plomin’s findings are incrementally becoming more difficult to refute with the ongoing decoding of the genome. There’s indeed a DNA revolution underway that’s sweeping away old assumptions, dogmas, and ideologies about human nature, and the fight to stem this rising tide of scientific evidence will be fierce, even from within the academy, but the truth will ultimately prevail if history is any lesson. With Blueprint, Plomin is preparing us for this eventuality.
So why should you read this book?
Now is an exciting age when the scientific revolution of DNA and the decoding of the human genome is advancing at an exponential rate. It’s fundamentally changing our understandings of how DNA makes us who we are and it’s speeding towards head-on collision with old ideological dogmas. But how many of us really understand what the science of DNA is saying about what makes us who we are? How often is our news media sharing this information and objectively explaining what these new findings mean?
What Plomin’s work is discovering about the nature of human behavior and genetics is analogous to what Pasteur’s work on germ theory did for understanding the microbial basis of disease transmission. When science can discover the unseen mechanics of nature, gone are the use of nebulous post hoc explanations and one’s ideologies to make sense of the observations.
We all would prefer to believe that our behavior and intelligence is mostly shaped by our parenting and by our social and educational environments, because this infers that we can ideally gain control and regulate these factors top-down to produce a more equitable, prosperous, and safer society - but the evidence for holding such a faith in the limitless mold-ability of man is becoming ever more fleeting. The Lysenkoism of the New Soviet Man is a cautionary tale in pursuing such an ostensibly benevolent environmentalist ideology at the expense of obfuscating and silencing good data-driven science on human nature such as what is shared with us here in Blueprint.
I give the author high marks for the courage to write this book and the first part of it was really outstanding. I was a little disappointed in the second part because I don't think the author's evidence support some of his conclusions. As of yet the correlations are not strong enough and there's way too much individual variation. To his credit Plomin admits and even shows in graphs the massive amount of overlap between individuals of different groups, but then he makes statements that seem to ignore what he just demonstrated.
For example he says based on DNA alone you could predict that he is tall. His polygenic score for height is in the 90th percentile. And he is tall, however his own scatterplot shows a significant portion of the individuals in the 90th percentile of polygenic scores for height around the normal range. And there are plenty of people even below normal. So what you can predict from his DNA alone is that it is more likely than not that he is tall but not with a great deal of confidence. A significant portion of the people in his percentile are not tall. The same problem runs through much of the second part of his book.
I do happen to believe that his general theme is correct and that EVENTUALLY polygenic scores will become much more predictive as the data accumulates. When he talks about how genes are responsible for approximately 50% of psychological traits, and how even a significant part of the so-called environmental effect is driven by genes, and finally how most of the rest of the environmental impacts are not systematic and unknown his analysis is outstanding and has powerful implications. This is important and we need to come to terms with it. We just aren't there yet with the predictive power of polygenic scores. And he way over plays its predictive power at the present time.
Despite this flaw, overall I think this is an outstanding work and it's very important. I wish this information was much more widely known and accepted because it has important policy implications. I can't give it five stars but I do highly recommend this book.
Top reviews from other countries
Nos desarrollamos por la educación que recibimos.
Cet air revigorant est d’autant acceptable que l’auteur n’est pas connu pour des opinions condamnées par le politiquement correct
De la génétique sans idéologie, très convaincante




