Boardwalk of Dreams: Atlantic City and the Fate of Urban America
by
Bryant Simon
(Author)
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ISBN-13: 978-0195308099
ISBN-10: 0195308093
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Product Description
During the first half of the twentieth century, Atlantic City was the nation's most popular middle-class resort--the home of the famed Boardwalk, the Miss America Pageant, and the board game Monopoly. By the late 1960s, it had become a symbol of urban decay and blight, compared by journalists to bombed-out Dresden and war-torn Beirut. Several decades and a dozen casinos later, Atlantic City is again one of America's most popular tourist spots, with thirty-five million visitors a year. Yet most stay for a mere six hours, and the highway has replaced the Boardwalk as the city's most important thoroughfare. Today the city doesn't have a single movie theater and its one supermarket is a virtual fortress protected by metal detectors and security guards.
In this wide-ranging book, Bryant Simon does far more than tell a nostalgic tale of Atlantic City's rise, near death, and reincarnation. He turns the depiction of middle-class vacationers into a revealing discussion of the boundaries of public space in urban America. In the past, he argues, the public was never really about democracy, but about exclusion. During Atlantic City's heyday, African Americans were kept off the Boardwalk and away from the beaches. The overly boisterous or improperly dressed were kept out of theaters and hotel lobbies by uniformed ushers and police. The creation of Atlantic City as the "Nation's Playground" was dependent on keeping undesirables out of view unless they were pushing tourists down the Boardwalk on rickshaw-like rolling chairs or shimmying in smoky nightclubs.
Desegregation overturned this racial balance in the mid-1960s, making the city's public spaces more open and democratic, too open and democratic for many middle-class Americans, who fled to suburbs and suburban-style resorts like Disneyworld. With the opening of the first casino in 1978, the urban balance once again shifted, creating twelve separate, heavily guarded, glittering casino worlds walled off from the dilapidated houses, boarded-up businesses, and lots razed for redevelopment that never came. Tourists are deliberately kept away from the city's grim reality and its predominantly poor African American residents. Despite ten of thousands of buses and cars rolling in every day, gambling has not saved Atlantic City or returned it to its glory days.
Simon's moving narrative of Atlantic City's past points to the troubling fate of urban America and the nation's cultural trajectory in the twentieth century, with broad implications for those interested in urban studies, sociology, planning, architecture, and history.
Amazon Exclusive: A Q&A with Bryant Simon, Author of Boardwalk of Dreams
Q: You’ve described yourself as a native of South New Jersey. What drew you to writing the history of Atlantic City? A: When I was growing up in the 1960s and 1970s in Vineland, Philly was not the place that drew us; it was more Atlantic City. That was where we went for splurge meals, special occasions, amusement parks, parades, and shopping. In fact, that’s where I got my bar mitzvah suit! Years later, my family moved just outside of Atlantic City and I watched, while riding my bike in the morning on the Boardwalk, as gambling woke the place up and irrevocably transformed it. I was transfixed by the city, by people’s nostalgia for it, by its nervous energy, and its aching sadness and painful poverty in the midst of plenty. Really, it had everything I wanted to write about it--it was like a Springsteen song, a place that could be mean and cruel, but a place of romance and possible redemption. How could I resist? Q: Compared to places like Las Vegas or Coney Island in its heyday, how did/does Atlantic City epitomize the urban playground? A: All of these places share something in common--they are each the tale of two cities. They are places built in the interests of visitors, not necessarily residents; they sell (or sold) fantasies--fantasies that put tourists as the center of the narrative and allowed them to slip their daily skin and imagine themselves not as they were, but as they wanted to be. That is what people paid for when they went to these places--they paid for fantasies. Q: As you researched the book, what memorable anecdotes did you come across that really captured the heart and history of Atlantic City? A: One of the first things I learned about Atlantic City stayed with me throughout the project. I remember looking at a postcard from the 1920s or so. In it, the benches on the Boardwalk were pointed away from the beach. I asked if this was a mistake. “No,” an expert on the city told me, “That’s how it was.” That was my first lesson that Atlantic City was essentially a stage and the visitors were both actors and audience. Q: You’ve been interviewed for a documentary that’s set to run in conjunction with the HBO series Boardwalk Empire. What do you make of the series’ take on Atlantic City, and what to your mind does it say about public perception of the city? A: If the show is a success, it will no doubt draw tourists to town, looking for the romantic, if still violent, past that the program surely mythologizes. Yet the real Atlantic City Boardwalk of today has little relationship to the past except its common geography. Most of the dreamlike hotels--buildings that looked like French chateaux and Moorish palaces--have been torn down. The amusement piers are long gone or covered up and turned into air-conditioned malls. Except for the ocean and Boardwalk, most of Atlantic City’s past has been sacrificed to make way for casinos. People will still find plenty of “booze, broads, and gambling,” but these things on the ground may not carry the same romance as they do on film. Q: This isn’t a topic that has gotten much coverage elsewhere, but could you elaborate on the role race played in the politics of Atlantic City? A: Boardwalk Empire suggests that Atlantic City in the era of Prohibition was a “wide open town” and all about “booze, broads, and gambling,” but that was only part of the truth. In fact, many first-generation immigrant families came expressly to show off; to announce that they had made it, which they could do by parading along the Boardwalk stage in their dressiest clothes. Crucial to this staging was segregation. Atlantic City was not just a city of mobsters, speakeasies, and brothels. It was, in the words of a longtime resident born in Georgia, a “Jim Crow for sure.” Its schools, clubs, neighborhoods, and movie houses were segregated. In fact, segregation was more important to Atlantic City than prohibition or mobsters. Visitors--those legions of recent immigrants and their children--would not have embraced an integrated tourist city. To them, making it in America meant being white and living apart (and drinking apart) from people of color. That’s how the rich did it, and that’s how the people who emulated them wanted to do it.
During the first half of the twentieth century, Atlantic City was the nation's most popular middle-class resort--the home of the famed Boardwalk, the Miss America Pageant, and the board game Monopoly. By the late 1960s, it had become a symbol of urban decay and blight, compared by journalists to bombed-out Dresden and war-torn Beirut. Several decades and a dozen casinos later, Atlantic City is again one of America's most popular tourist spots, with thirty-five million visitors a year. Yet most stay for a mere six hours, and the highway has replaced the Boardwalk as the city's most important thoroughfare. Today the city doesn't have a single movie theater and its one supermarket is a virtual fortress protected by metal detectors and security guards.
In this wide-ranging book, Bryant Simon does far more than tell a nostalgic tale of Atlantic City's rise, near death, and reincarnation. He turns the depiction of middle-class vacationers into a revealing discussion of the boundaries of public space in urban America. In the past, he argues, the public was never really about democracy, but about exclusion. During Atlantic City's heyday, African Americans were kept off the Boardwalk and away from the beaches. The overly boisterous or improperly dressed were kept out of theaters and hotel lobbies by uniformed ushers and police. The creation of Atlantic City as the "Nation's Playground" was dependent on keeping undesirables out of view unless they were pushing tourists down the Boardwalk on rickshaw-like rolling chairs or shimmying in smoky nightclubs.
Desegregation overturned this racial balance in the mid-1960s, making the city's public spaces more open and democratic, too open and democratic for many middle-class Americans, who fled to suburbs and suburban-style resorts like Disneyworld. With the opening of the first casino in 1978, the urban balance once again shifted, creating twelve separate, heavily guarded, glittering casino worlds walled off from the dilapidated houses, boarded-up businesses, and lots razed for redevelopment that never came. Tourists are deliberately kept away from the city's grim reality and its predominantly poor African American residents. Despite ten of thousands of buses and cars rolling in every day, gambling has not saved Atlantic City or returned it to its glory days.
Simon's moving narrative of Atlantic City's past points to the troubling fate of urban America and the nation's cultural trajectory in the twentieth century, with broad implications for those interested in urban studies, sociology, planning, architecture, and history.
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Q: You’ve described yourself as a native of South New Jersey. What drew you to writing the history of Atlantic City? A: When I was growing up in the 1960s and 1970s in Vineland, Philly was not the place that drew us; it was more Atlantic City. That was where we went for splurge meals, special occasions, amusement parks, parades, and shopping. In fact, that’s where I got my bar mitzvah suit! Years later, my family moved just outside of Atlantic City and I watched, while riding my bike in the morning on the Boardwalk, as gambling woke the place up and irrevocably transformed it. I was transfixed by the city, by people’s nostalgia for it, by its nervous energy, and its aching sadness and painful poverty in the midst of plenty. Really, it had everything I wanted to write about it--it was like a Springsteen song, a place that could be mean and cruel, but a place of romance and possible redemption. How could I resist? Q: Compared to places like Las Vegas or Coney Island in its heyday, how did/does Atlantic City epitomize the urban playground? A: All of these places share something in common--they are each the tale of two cities. They are places built in the interests of visitors, not necessarily residents; they sell (or sold) fantasies--fantasies that put tourists as the center of the narrative and allowed them to slip their daily skin and imagine themselves not as they were, but as they wanted to be. That is what people paid for when they went to these places--they paid for fantasies. Q: As you researched the book, what memorable anecdotes did you come across that really captured the heart and history of Atlantic City? A: One of the first things I learned about Atlantic City stayed with me throughout the project. I remember looking at a postcard from the 1920s or so. In it, the benches on the Boardwalk were pointed away from the beach. I asked if this was a mistake. “No,” an expert on the city told me, “That’s how it was.” That was my first lesson that Atlantic City was essentially a stage and the visitors were both actors and audience. Q: You’ve been interviewed for a documentary that’s set to run in conjunction with the HBO series Boardwalk Empire. What do you make of the series’ take on Atlantic City, and what to your mind does it say about public perception of the city? A: If the show is a success, it will no doubt draw tourists to town, looking for the romantic, if still violent, past that the program surely mythologizes. Yet the real Atlantic City Boardwalk of today has little relationship to the past except its common geography. Most of the dreamlike hotels--buildings that looked like French chateaux and Moorish palaces--have been torn down. The amusement piers are long gone or covered up and turned into air-conditioned malls. Except for the ocean and Boardwalk, most of Atlantic City’s past has been sacrificed to make way for casinos. People will still find plenty of “booze, broads, and gambling,” but these things on the ground may not carry the same romance as they do on film. Q: This isn’t a topic that has gotten much coverage elsewhere, but could you elaborate on the role race played in the politics of Atlantic City? A: Boardwalk Empire suggests that Atlantic City in the era of Prohibition was a “wide open town” and all about “booze, broads, and gambling,” but that was only part of the truth. In fact, many first-generation immigrant families came expressly to show off; to announce that they had made it, which they could do by parading along the Boardwalk stage in their dressiest clothes. Crucial to this staging was segregation. Atlantic City was not just a city of mobsters, speakeasies, and brothels. It was, in the words of a longtime resident born in Georgia, a “Jim Crow for sure.” Its schools, clubs, neighborhoods, and movie houses were segregated. In fact, segregation was more important to Atlantic City than prohibition or mobsters. Visitors--those legions of recent immigrants and their children--would not have embraced an integrated tourist city. To them, making it in America meant being white and living apart (and drinking apart) from people of color. That’s how the rich did it, and that’s how the people who emulated them wanted to do it.
Review
"Perhaps the finest book ever written about Atlantic City, an....incisive history of the tension between the 'resort' and the less-glitzy urban reality tourists rush past."--The Philadelphia Inquirer
"A gifted writer as well as a clear-eyed historian, Simon moves effortlessly in Boardwalk of Dreams between the fantasies that Atlantic City sold and the social, economic and political worlds that underlay them. The result is a lively, evocative, eminently readable book that looks beyond the Jersey
beach town to the inner pulse of urban America."--The Chicago Tribune
"Professor Bryant is onto something here, and it is refreshing....[A] sober look at urban degeneration and regeneration against the backdrop of a changing nation enjoying its post-World War II prosperity, and a burgeoning middle class eager to parade its riches on the Boardwalk."--The New York
Times
"Simon's love for the city and its history is clear...[He] masterfully recreates [a] lost world full of music, whimsy, culture, and style."--Times-Picayune
"For historians interested in the intersection of race and class in the 20th century, this work is a must read."--CHOICE
"This enviably sparkling book is more a work of the scholarly journalist than the typical fare of academic urban history....Simon's themes are presented in a model of narrative detail and memorable images."--Journal of Social History
"Boardwalk of Dreams is passionately argued, and Simon writes of his own personal connection to Atlantic City with sincerity but not sentimentality....This is a very entertaining read, a fact which may distract readers from Simon's serious call to rethink the city's past."--Urban History Review
"Simon has added a somewhat grandiose subtitle to his book on Atlantic City, New Jersey, thus declaring his intention not only to narrate the story of this famous site but also to make it a metaphor for the U.S. urban crisis of the twentieth century. Simon actually succeeds quite well in making this
case. This is a very fine book. The prose is excellent, the thesis is clear, and the evidence is well marshaled." --American Historical Review
"[A] fascinating and well-written book chockfull of detail." --Journal of Popular Culture
About the Author
Bryant Simon has taught at the University of Georgia and is now Professor of History at Temple University. He is the author of A Fabric of Defeat: The Politics of South Carolina Millhands, 1910-1948 and co-editor of 'Jumpin Jim Crow': Southern Politics from Civil War to Civil Rights. He grew up in
southern New Jersey.
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Product details
- Publisher : Oxford University Press (April 27, 2006)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 285 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0195308093
- ISBN-13 : 978-0195308099
- Item Weight : 15.3 ounces
- Dimensions : 9.26 x 6.16 x 0.64 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,392,847 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #3,806 in United States History (Books)
- #35,290 in U.S. State & Local History
- Customer Reviews:
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Bryant Simon is professor of history at Temple University. He is the author of Boardwalk of Dreams: Atlantic City and the Fate of Urban America and Everything But the Coffee. His most recent book, The Hamlet Fire, looks at this tragic event, where twenty-five people died behind locked doors, and explores what it tells us about the more recent American addiction to cheap.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 19, 2010
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Spaces became less public, as in the Atlantic City Boardwalk, and more private, as in TV watching in the suburban home, and later, in gambling casinos . Atlantic City flourished on seeing others and being seen in public in one's best clothes, as people did once they became middle class. As society became more consumer oriented, people became less public oriented. When Atlantic City hotels and attractions began to decay from lack of upkeep, more and more, people stayed away, sometimes traveling to the new Disneyland in California on the newly affordable airlines. The role of Jim Crow segregation is mentioned as being a significant part of what made Atlantic City. It allowed Caucasian people to see African Americans in the subservient role of cart pushers, for example. There are accounts from residents about what they consider the good old days. The Boardwalk of Dreams was substituted for Casinos of Dreams. It seems as if the city has not been able to flourish on that new dream as it had before.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 26, 2016
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Boardwalk of Dreams was much more thorough in its investigations and reporting than I expected and showed an East Coast view of racial inequality not seen (by me) in California. After reading the book, I have a better understanding of NJ (where I have never been). After finishing the read I became curious about the development of racial interactions in the SF Bay Area and found, and read, American Babylon. I recommend both books for an expanded historical view of racial issues in the USA. Both books are products of EXCELLENT research and intellectual writing.
Reviewed in the United States on April 13, 2016
Verified Purchase
I heard Bryant on NPR--great interview. So I downloaded the book and read it. It's an intriguing history--this town. Makes me want to visit just to see what it's like today. After reading, I feel like really know the history of Atlantic city culture.
The only reason for the four star rating (vs. five) is because there is a lot of repitition to wade through. The human-pulled carts seemd to pop up on every page. Blacks and Puerto Ricans moved in, whites moved out, people stopped going to the elegant movie houses--wash, rinse, repeat.
I highly recommend the book, though. It's a profound niche history story of a town past it's prime.
The only reason for the four star rating (vs. five) is because there is a lot of repitition to wade through. The human-pulled carts seemd to pop up on every page. Blacks and Puerto Ricans moved in, whites moved out, people stopped going to the elegant movie houses--wash, rinse, repeat.
I highly recommend the book, though. It's a profound niche history story of a town past it's prime.
Reviewed in the United States on June 23, 2012
Verified Purchase
My mother was born in Atlantic City in 1928 and spent her early years there. When I was a young child, and before we could "afford" a shore place for the season, we always would go to Atlantic City for day trips. We would go in the morning, spend the day on the beach and get cleaned and dressed up at a bathhouse in Margate. Then it was on to Captain Starn's, Hackneys, perhaps Zaberers and then the Boardwalk. Sometimes we would go to one of the old, great hotels for dinner - wow, what dining rooms they had -- all the waiters dressed up in white/black tie. We would spend the night on the boardwalk and then make the 2 hour drive home to the Philadelphia suburbs by 2am. I remember all of the old hotels, the clubs, the restaurants, Steel Pier, everything before the casino era. But by the late 60s, it had all faded - the glamour, the well-dressed crowds, the top ranked acts were all gone.
The author did a great job of reviewing all of this and it was a great trip down Memory Lane. However the author makes way too much of the race issue. Not that there weren't race issues, it's just that there were other very powerful forces in play that made other vacation destinations more attractive at that time. Cheap air travel, more disposable income, the flight to the suburbs away from the city, liberals versus conservatives, etc. Getting dressed up was seen as "old school" and stodgy. Out went the white gloves and Jackie Kennedy suits and in came raggedy bell bottoms and halter tops. Atlantic City had the same fate as many cities at that time - take a look at Niagara Falls - it was once the top destination for honeymooners.
During the past 40 years, a lot of the South Jersey shore has reinvented itself - in fact there are many areas that are amongst the highest real estate values in the country. Sleepy old towns like Sea Isle City & Avalon (do you remember when the Bongo Room was out in the dunes?). But the development has been private - NOT public, and I think that has been part of the problem with Atlantic City.
So if you remember Atlantic City you will enjoy this book, you just might not agree with the author's rationale.
The author did a great job of reviewing all of this and it was a great trip down Memory Lane. However the author makes way too much of the race issue. Not that there weren't race issues, it's just that there were other very powerful forces in play that made other vacation destinations more attractive at that time. Cheap air travel, more disposable income, the flight to the suburbs away from the city, liberals versus conservatives, etc. Getting dressed up was seen as "old school" and stodgy. Out went the white gloves and Jackie Kennedy suits and in came raggedy bell bottoms and halter tops. Atlantic City had the same fate as many cities at that time - take a look at Niagara Falls - it was once the top destination for honeymooners.
During the past 40 years, a lot of the South Jersey shore has reinvented itself - in fact there are many areas that are amongst the highest real estate values in the country. Sleepy old towns like Sea Isle City & Avalon (do you remember when the Bongo Room was out in the dunes?). But the development has been private - NOT public, and I think that has been part of the problem with Atlantic City.
So if you remember Atlantic City you will enjoy this book, you just might not agree with the author's rationale.
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