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China 1945: Mao's Revolution and America's Fateful Choice Hardcover – Deckle Edge, November 4, 2014

4.6 out of 5 stars 37 customer reviews

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Product Details

  • Hardcover: 464 pages
  • Publisher: Knopf (November 4, 2014)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0307595889
  • ISBN-13: 978-0307595881
  • Product Dimensions: 6.6 x 1.6 x 9.5 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.9 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (37 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #476,354 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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By Chefdevergue VINE VOICE on October 18, 2014
Format: Hardcover Vine Customer Review of Free Product ( What's this? )
When I was in college in the early 1980's, the prevailing wisdom was that, had the USA been more accommodating to Mao and the Chinese Communists & not thrown their support behind Chiang Kai-Shek, a lot of the unpleasantness of the 1950's and the 1960's could have been avoided. This view of history replaced the earlier view which held that traitorous elements within the US State Department deliberately laid the foundation for Mao's success, thus resulting in the USA "losing" China.

Bernstein, the student of one the "China Hands," John King Fairbank, could very easily be expected to take up the defense of the diplomats whose careers were destroyed in the fall-out. In fact, he does point out that the experts like John Paton Davies and Jack Service accurately predicted Mao's triumph, and he spends a lot of time excoriating Patrick Hurley (accurately depicting him as a man fantastically unqualified for the job, and perpetually clueless). However, Bernstein also points out that the China Hands, as well as a number of sympathetic journalists, were naïve and spectacularly wide of the mark when it came to assessing Mao's true commitment to Communism and his allegiance to Stalin.

Bernstein is also much more sympathetic towards Chiang than I would have expected. He observes that Chiang was not given nearly the credit he deserves for having fought the Japanese invasion as successfully as he did, and only receives criticism for not having committed more troops to the fight (as well as leaving commanders who were clearly incompetent in their posts). Bernstein explains that Chiang had very good political reasons for doing this, which were simply beyond the comprehension of US officials due to the cultural divide.
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Format: Hardcover Vine Customer Review of Free Product ( What's this? )
Personal comment: In 1964-5 I had an Asian history teacher who was Chinese. He explained that the way Orientals and Americans analyze a situation and draw conclusions were incompatible (his college roommate was in the CIA). Everything in this book confirms what he said.

Richard Bernstein provides a thorough discussion of the multiple situations, the thinking of the individuals involved, their decisions/actions, and unforeseen outcomes. I found his research fascinating- things we haven’t heard or read. Could China have been non-communist? That is the speculative question. Different readers will draw different opinions. One thing is for sure- without some actions by US officials the battle between Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong would have been drawn out much longer. And perhaps Korea and Vietnam would have turned out differently.

Here’s some of the events discussed in the book so you can see the wide research that Bernstein did:
1) Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong were allies in trying to defeat the warlords and unify the country. Chiang then broke with Mao and was on the verge of victory when Japan invaded.

2) Chiang was betrayed and then kidnapped by the communists. Mao wanted to kill him but Stalin said no. The two then agreed to a joint war with the Japanese.

3) Chiang’s army did most of the fighting and his domain suffered the most, resulting in disillusionment of the peasants and the army. p79,86

4) US officials did not understand Chiang’s strategy of defense in depth and reducing casualties. He was forced to fight and lose battles (weakening his position) in following the US strategy.
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Format: Hardcover Vine Customer Review of Free Product ( What's this? )
One of the enduring ironies of the decades after World War II is how two of America's allies, Russia and China, became her foes. The USSR kept German troops occupied on a second front at great cost. Similarly, China battled Japan in isolation for four years, and still as the war drew to a close in 1945, a weakened China continued to keep more than a million Japanese troops on its soil, preventing them from battling the Allies elsewhere in the Pacific.

If we want to understand the seemingly rapid shift in the U.S. government's perception and policies toward China in the watershed year of 1945, we must begin several decades beforehand. Thus, although author Richard Bernstein calls this book China 1945 it by necessity is much larger in scope.

Bernstein frames this book as an exploration of how choices the United States made in its relationship with China during a single year sowed the seeds of the harvest we have been reaping ever since. However, before he teases out the events of 1945, Bernstein explores two significant precursors. The first is China's bitter struggles with Japan dating to 1895; the second is the rise of two philosophically different groups, the Kuomintang (KMT) or Nationalists, and the Communist Party of China (CCP).

Because of an interest in Japan's history, even before I began reading this book, I was familiar with Japan's quest for expansion. Although I knew some of the details Bernstein covered, he placed them into a more meaningful context than I'd had previously, and one that is essential before exploring the choices during WWII, especially in 1945.
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