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China's Superbank: Debt, Oil and Influence - How China Development Bank is Rewriting the Rules of Finance 1st Edition
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Anyone wanting a primer on the secret of China's economic success need look no further than China Development Bank (CDB)―which has displaced the World Bank as the world's biggest development bank, lending billions to countries around the globe to further Chinese policy goals. In China’s Superbank, Bloomberg authors Michael Forsythe and Henry Sanderson outline how the bank is at the center of China's domestic economic growth and how it is helping to expand China's influence in strategically important overseas markets.
100 percent owned by the Chinese government, the CDB holds the key to understanding the inner workings of China's state-led economic development model, and its most glaring flaws. The bank is at the center of the country's efforts to build a world-class network of highways, railroads, and power grids, pioneering a lending scheme to local governments that threatens to spawn trillions of yuan in bad loans. It is doling out credit lines by the billions to Chinese solar and wind power makers, threatening to bury global competitors with a flood of cheap products. Another $45 billion in credit has been given to the country's two biggest telecom equipment makers who are using the money to win contracts around the globe, helping fulfill the goal of China's leaders for its leading companies to "go global."
Bringing the story of China Development Bank to life by crisscrossing China to investigate the quality of its loans, China’s Superbank travels the globe, from Africa, where its China-Africa fund is displacing Western lenders in a battle for influence, to the oil fields of Venezuela.
- Offers a fascinating insight into the China Development Bank (CDB), the driver of China's rapid economic development
- Travels the globe to show how the CDB is helping Chinese businesses "go global"
- Written by two respected reporters at Bloomberg News
As China's influence continues to grow around the world, many people are asking how far it will extend. China’s Superbank addresses these vital questions, looking at the institution at the heart of this growth.
- ISBN-101118176367
- ISBN-13978-1118176368
- Edition1st
- PublisherWiley
- Publication dateJanuary 22, 2013
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.4 x 0.82 x 9.3 inches
- Print length250 pages
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"Despite CDB’s central role in developing China’s economy and bankrolling the international expansion of Chinese companies, China’s biggest policy lender rarely makes an appearance in most English-language chronicles of the country’s economic rise. All the more reason then to praise a superbly researched new book, written by two Beijing-based reporters for Bloomberg, in which CDB finally makes a star turn."
"Lifting the veil on one of global finance’s least understood institutions, the book is essential reading for anyone seeking insight into the workings of Chinese state capitalism." -- China Economic Quarterly, March 2013 Reviewer: Erica Downs of the Brookings Institution
"China's economy sometimes seems the work of miracles: three decades of economic growth, with GDP compounding at an annual rate of around 10%; the world's highest levels of savings and investment; vast trade surpluses, which feed the largest foreign-exchange reserves in history. The financial system has played a key role in delivering these economic feats, and no single institution within it has been more important than China Development Bank. "Understand CDB," Henry Sanderson and Michael Forsythe write in "China's Superbank," "and you understand the core of China's state capitalism."
-- Wall Street Journal review, Feb 27, 2013
"The book is another useful insight into the workings of the Chinese state apparatus to come out of the Bloomberg bureau in Beijing – in July it printed an exposé about the family finances of Xi Jinping, and its website has been blocked since. One of the most striking aspects of the CDB story is how the bank managed to balance being a state-owned company with maintaining sufficient independence to function as a commercial business." -- Irish Times
"Calls for reform in China tend to come in two kinds – one, the most common in Chinese social media and popular discussion, calls for a crackdown on endemic forms of local tyranny, such as land seizures, black prisons, and bribery. The other, found among liberals within the Party and expatriate businessmen, talks about rolling back the growing dominance of the state and state-owned companies over the Chinese economy, opening more markets to competition and ending the practices that allow state-owned (or state-blessed) companies to command cheap access to capital, natural resources, and land. So far, Xi Jinping's term looks promising for advocates of the first but the book [China's Superbank: Debt, Oil and Influence – How China Development Bank is Rewriting the Rules of Finance] makes a case that land seizures are at the very foundations of China's model of state capitalism." -- The Diplomat
From the Inside Flap
China's rise as a global economic superpower, the success of its top companies, and its continuing domestic boom is intricately tied to China Development Bank (CDB). This less-than-transparent institution, which is wholly owned by the Chinese government, has become the financial enabler of this nation's growth and is arguably the most powerful bank in the world.
While development banks have long existed to finance political projects, infrastructure, and other initiatives, nothing comes close to CDB in scope.
In China's Superbank, authors Henry Sanderson and Michael Forsythe both Bloomberg journalists working in Beijing combine on-the-scene reporting and interviews from across the world with numbers crunched from Chinese bond prospectuses to put CDB in perspective, and help you understand the economic phenomenon that is China.
Along the way, you'll not only become familiar with the growing accomplishments and influence of CDB, but you'll also gain valuable insights into the darker side of this political-financial institution one that has never had to answer to anyone apart from its state shareholders. You'll also discover how China's seemingly unstoppable banking system could potentially be saddled with bad debt from trillions of yuan invested in projects with questionable economic value both at home and abroad.
Throughout the book, the authors:
- Explore CDB's hallmark innovation the system of local government finance which has transformed China's landscape in just over a decade by pumping trillions of yuan into various domestic projects
- Profile Chen Yuan, the Chairman of CDB since 1998, and discuss how he's been instrumental in reasserting the Communist Party in China's economy, while managing to preserve enough independence from the government to make decent investment decisions and function as a commercially driven institution
- Analyze CDB's China-Africa Development Fund China's largest private equity fund investing in Africa and its attempts to stimulate manufacturing in Ethiopia, and CDB's lending to Ghana
- Address CDB's work to secure a steady flow of oil and gas to China through loans-for-energy deals around the world, particularly to Venezuela
- Examine CDB's lines of credit that have helped new Chinese firms in telecom and alternative energy win significant global projects, as well as how the bank is developing a new form of private equity financing through CDB Capital.
As China's influence continues to grow around the world, many people are asking how far it will extend. China's Superbank addresses this vital question, looking at the institution at the heart of its growth.
From the Back Cover
Praise for China's Superbank
"The phenomenal economic rise of China and its growing global role have been driven by a unique mix of political and economic actors. China Development Bank has been at the center of much of this growth especially as the principal banker in China's overseas commodity investments. Henry and Michael's timely book, China's Superbank, details for the first time the role that CDB has played under the focused leadership of its Chairman Chen Yuan. This book is essential reading for anyone wanting to understand how China funds its growth but it also raises important questions as to whether CDB's strategy will be sustainable over the long term."
―Fraser Howie, Managing Director, CLSA Singapore and co-author of Red Capitalism
"Combining in-depth knowledge of China with hard-nosed economic analysis and first-rate journalism, Sanderson and Forsythe have written an astonishingly detailed yet lively portrait of China's muscular state capitalism. This important work tells us in concrete terms how China is expanding its influence around the world, not through military force, but through writing checks. This is a must-read for all those who take an interest in China's rising influence in the world―and its increasingly vulnerable financial system."
―Victor Shih, Associate Professor, Northwestern University
"In China's Superbank Henry and Michael shed a much-needed light on the operations and people behind China Development Bank, an apparent policy bank that in a brief decade has in many ways surpassed the power and functions of the country's Ministry of Finance. The tale of how this formerly moribund institution ignited China's local debt crisis while financing China's foreign policy initiatives is a must for anyone seeking to understand China's opaque financial system."
―Carl Walter, former COO of JP Morgan China, independent consultant andco-author of Red Capitalism
"American Cabinet members say the global reach and growth of China Development Bank keeps them up at night. After reading this book, they might not go to sleep at all. For all the tsunami of news about China's rise in recent years, the country's political and financial institutions remain vastly undereported and little understood. Mike Forsythe and Henry Sanderson's book helps correct that with remarkable detail and insights about the bank that laid the financial foundations for China's economic miracle at home, before then finding a formula to spread its money abroad."
―Richard McGregor, Financial Times reporter and author of The Party
About the Author
HENRY SANDERSON has been a reporter for Bloomberg News since April 2010. Prior to that, he was a reporter for the Associated Press in Beijing and Dow Jones in New York. While at Bloomberg, Sanderson has covered corporate finance, focusing on China's banks, the bond market, and the emergence of the yuan as an international currency. He is a graduate of the University of Leeds (with a BA in Chinese and English literature) and Columbia University (with a Master's in East Asian Studies).
MICHAEL FORSYTHE has been a reporter and editor for Bloomberg News since 2000. Prior to that, he was an officer in the U.S. Navy for seven years, serving on ships in the U.S. 7th Fleet. The highlight of his career in Washington was overseeing Bloomberg's coverage of the historic 2008 presidential election. Since returning to Beijing in 2009, Forsythe has focused on policy and politics, with particular emphasis on the international impact of "China Inc." He is a graduate of Georgetown University (with a BA in International Economics) and Harvard University (with a Master's in East Asian Regional Studies).
Product details
- Publisher : Wiley; 1st edition (January 22, 2013)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 250 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1118176367
- ISBN-13 : 978-1118176368
- Item Weight : 15.4 ounces
- Dimensions : 6.4 x 0.82 x 9.3 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,250,161 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #165 in Banking (Books)
- #230 in Comparative Economics (Books)
- #944 in Business Finance
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Henry Sanderson covered commodities and mining for the Financial Times for seven years. He previously lived in China for seven years, where he worked as a Beijing-based reporter for Bloomberg News. He has appeared on BBC, Bloomberg Television, CNBC and Charlie Rose. He tweets at @hjesanderson and lives in London with his wife and son.

Michael Forsythe is a reporter on the investigations team at the New York Times, based in New York. Prior to the Times, he was a reporter and editor at Bloomberg News, working in Beijing, Washington and Hong Kong. Mike was an officer in the United States Navy for seven years, taking part in two deployments to the Persian Gulf aboard ships. Mike has been part of teams that have won numerous journalism prizes, including the George Polk Award. He is a graduate of Georgetown University (with a bachelor's degree in international economics) and Harvard University (with a master's degree in East Asian regional studies). He is married and has two sons.
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Customers find the book enlightening, amazing, and interesting. They appreciate the depth of knowledge and personal research done by the authors. Readers also say the book provides an excellent guide through the rise of CDB.
"...I'm amazed at the depth of knowledge and personal research done by the authors...." Read more
"...China's Superbank is a highly insightful and readable account of the role of China Development Bank both in its home market and abroad. I..." Read more
"A great source of information on the activities on the China Development Bank, but the book does not have much of a conclusion." Read more
"I found the book very enlightening in the works of the largest bank in the world...." Read more
Customers find the content excellent, saying it's a terrific read. They also say it's a great book on the blueprint of China's rapid economic expansion.
"...was put out in such a shoddy fashion (fixed now), but the content is just too good to allow that to continue to mar the review...." Read more
"...This is a great book on the blue print of China's rapid economic expansion, I highly recommend reading it...." Read more
"...rebalancing/non-rebalancing process or Beijing's foreign policy it's a terrific read...." Read more
Customers find the writing style captivating and readable. They also say the book is an insightful account of China's role.
"...The depth of research served up in truly captivating writing style make this book a total winner." Read more
"...China's Superbank is a highly insightful and readable account of the role of China Development Bank both in its home market and abroad. I..." Read more
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Top reviews from the United States
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Before I continue my review of China's Superbank, I must make two disclosures. First, I work with both of the co-authors in the Beijing office of Bloomberg News, so they are friends. I like these guys. Secondly, while I had no hand in the writing or editing of this book, the authors did draw on some of my reporting for passages on Huawei and ZTE. My work is cited in two footnotes to the text. These two factors preclude me from claiming to be an entirely objective reviewer.
That being said, the authors did not request that I write this review, and I paid for my own electronic Kindle copy at $30.69 through Amazon.com. Perhaps that's my first criticism, the price. For a slender volume some 203 pages in length, it would have been nice to see at least the Kindle version priced a bit more affordably. There is practically no discount from the $31.65 price on the hardcover, which is not yet available for shipment.
With my initial disclosures in mind, I believe I can still fairly say that even if I didn't know the authors, and despite the price, I would still give this book a strong recommendation. China's Superbank is a highly insightful and readable account of the role of China Development Bank both in its home market and abroad.
I have been following developments in China since my first trip to Beijing in 1991 and I've lived in the country three times for a combined total of about 12 years. While I know firsthand a fair bit about China and its development in the past two decades, there is plenty in this book that I did not know. I'd imagine the same is true for just about anyone who hasn't been pouring over Chinese-language bond prospectuses as Sanderson and Forsythe have.
The book traces the China Development Bank from its founding, and shows how in its home market it pioneered a model whereby local governments financed development loans by the expropriation and transfer of land rights. They explain how this became the central mechanism for paying back loans to the CDB and, as a result, people must be removed from their land at below market prices, feeding into rural unrest.
``Without suppressing land compensation, local governments can't make the margins to pay back the banks,'' the authors quote U.S. scholar Victor Shih as saying.
The book chronicles CDB's role in development of the country's bond market, and shows how CDB is unique among Chinese lenders in being financed almost completely by bond sales rather than deposits. The commercial banks that buy those bonds then assign them a zero-risk rating, and so set no capital against them even as CDB ramps up lending to new commercial sectors, and begins to spread its wings abroad in countries with long histories of default, including Venezuela. Thus the bank gives new meaning to ``too big to fail'' the authors say.
China is now lending more to developing countries than the World Bank. In the case of Venezuela the lending is a staggering $40 billion. The authors show how the CDB's oil-for-loans programs help China secure large deliveries of oil for its growing economy, and that's not all. Since much of the proceeds of those loans are then used to buy Chinese goods and services, ``China wins twice,'' the authors say.
I highly recommend this book for anyone looking for an introduction to how the CDB moved from funding development at home, to the frontlines of both China's global quest for energy and natural resources as well as the expansion of Chinese enterprise abroad.
One wishes the authors had been able to drill into these subjects in even greater detail. Also, more context and comparison of CDB with other development banks globally would have been useful. While more would be better, there is plenty here to get you started on the global role of the little understood and increasingly influential China Development Bank.
7/22/2013
Definitely recommend getting this book. I have a much better understanding of what is happening in China & especially with all of the changes that are going on, this book has been a go to resource for keeping up. Strong recommend.
It was a shame that the kindle version was put out in such a shoddy fashion (fixed now), but the content is just too good to allow that to continue to mar the review.
UPDATE:
3/20/13 One of the authors contacted me (and I assume other Kindle customers) and said the kindle version had been fixed. I downloaded the new version and the "insert sentence" placeholders are indeed gone. I am going to reread the book and update the review afterwards. Moving the stars to 3 from 1 right now.
PB
As others have noted the Kindle version is in draft form. The draft however is very good, but I can't give a full review until this gets fixed. I tweeted one of the authors 7 days ago, but haven't heard back. I contacted Amazon tech support, and they directed me to Wiley (the publisher) Tech Support. My chat transcript with them is included at the end.
Bottom line is right now this book is not ready for purchase. I will update this review once I hear back from Wiley.
Here are the relevant aspects of the chat I just had with the tech:
Discussion Thread
Chat Transcript 03/11/2013 11:05 AM
[10:52:19 AM] Hi, my name is Wiley Tech Support. May I please get the name of the school you are attending or the name of the company that you work for, and a description of the issue that you are currently having.
[10:54:26 AM] PB: k. the book in the kindle version is a draft. It has lots of "insert sentence" markings in it leading to incomplete paras
[10:54:46 AM] PB: The book is
[10:54:56 AM] PB: China's Superbank: Debt, Oil and Influence - How China Development Bank is Rewriting the Rules of Finance
[10:55:05 AM] PB: The amazon kindle version can be found here:
China's Superbank: Debt, Oil and Influence - How China Development Bank is Rewriting the Rules of Finance (Bloomberg)
[10:55:53 AM] Wiley Tech Support: Ok, thank you for the information and I am sorry for the issues with this eBook.
[10:55:54 AM] PB: and reviewers of the book have noticed the same thing in the kindle version so I know that it is not just a problem with my download
[10:56:30 AM] Wiley Tech Support: What I will need to do is escalate this information to our editorial team so that they can get a corrected copy of the eBook to Amazon.
[10:56:36 AM] PB: Great!
[10:56:55 AM] PB: do you have an eta on when this will be resolved?
[10:57:21 AM] PB: and will I be notified?
[10:58:16 AM] Wiley Tech Support: At this time I do not I am sorry to say. Unfortunately it will depend on what all is required to produce the corrected eBook. We will notify you via email at pb@XXX once this issue has been resolved.
[11:04:39 AM] Wiley Tech Support: I will get this escalated right away so we can get this resolved as quickly as possible for you.
Top reviews from other countries
I have seen first-hand the impact that China has had in two foreign countries and in China itself. My first two experiences were in Asia and Africa.
Our West African country had been struggling for decades trying to boost its economy and to get out of the grips of the IMF and World Bank. Oil was recently discovered but the African country couldn't take advantage of the situation. They didn't have any capital to invest in their own resources. Then along came the CDB with a $3 billion line of credit with repayment terms geared to the amount of oil the African country pumped for China. This line of credit has allowed them to build a gas pipeline to produce electricity that will save them $1 million a day in imported oil - and the subsequent loss of precious foreign currency reserves. While we may not like the political philosophies of the beneficiary countries, the list of countries and projects recounted in the book goes on. It could serve as an example to Western countries as to how ineffective their traditional "foreign aid" has been.
Our Asian country had discovered oil in the mid-1970's and had managed to gain control of their resource to the extent that they were processing their crude oil downstream into petro-chemicals that were being sold throughout the world. Located underneath the "soft underbelly" of China with respect to transportation, their economic focus was on how they could exploit the emerging markets in China. They had developed a strategic economic plan that was shared with business leaders, their politicians, and their people - to the extent that everywhere we went, their people were examining ways by which they could break into Chinese markets. At the same time, Western countries were looking for ways to transfer domestic production instead of looking at ways to sell domestic products into the humongous emerging Chinese population.
My third example deals with China itself. In preparation for a recent 3-week trip to China, I had read this book and another - "Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China" by Ezra Vogel. Both books had given me insight into how China had changed over the past 30 years. However, the book couldn't really prepare me for that change when I actually saw what was happening. If you think China is a backwards country - get rid of that idea. If you think China is a land of peasants toiling away in rice paddies on the side of a mountain - get rid of that idea. Any ideas that you have about China that have been created by the Western media are 10-15 years behind the times. Everywhere we went, there were expressways galore. Everywhere we went in the cities, the young people were wearing the latest fashions. Everywhere we went there were new apartment buildings and factories going up. The national bird of China is the crane - the construction crane, that is.
It's only when you read "China's Superbank" for the 3rd or 4th time (and it is an easy read) that you come to understand how China has done all of this. It's very simple. With 1.5 billion people now earning money - whether small fortunes or peasant wages - the Chinese are the most prolific savers in the world. It's with good reason that they havbe become prolific savers in a land of great economic uncertainty of their history over the last 100 years. And so they deposit their savings in their banks.
But there's a problem. In a land of uncertainty, Chinese banks aren't about to invest these deposits into economic projects without some form of assurance that the risk is minimal. And this is where the China Development Bank steps in. Through the issuance of bonds, the money is transferred to the CDB. It analyses the projects, injects the money into the project, thus sending a signal that the risk is worthwhile. Roads, railways, airports, factories, businesses, apartments - you name it and CDB is there.
Transfer this approach to foreign countries, particularly when China needs the natural resources of these countries - whether its oil, leather, copper, or glass - you then have the secret to China's foreign policy initiatives.
It's something that Western governments should take a close look at.


