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The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton Paperback – Illustrated, September 8, 2006
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Jerome Karabel
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Print length736 pages
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LanguageEnglish
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PublisherMariner Books
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Publication dateSeptember 8, 2006
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Dimensions6 x 1.85 x 9 inches
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ISBN-10061877355X
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ISBN-13978-0618773558
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"Jerome Karabel's marvelous study traces the titanic struggles that defined -- and re-defined -- the Ivy ideal....Utterly absorbing." --Kevin Boyle, author of Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age
“Vivid...electrifying...The Chosen is a refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges." --Lani Guinier, Harvard Law School
"The Chosen is a fascinating study in American cultural history." --Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
“An eye-opening examination...Karabel writes clearly and well, and he has dug deep.” --Evan Thomas, Newsweek
“An informed and fascinating account of how America's elite universities have selected their student bodies over the past 100 years." --Nathan Glazer, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Education, Harvard University
“A magisterial, thorough, and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue.” --Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain and Walt Whitman
"[A] tour de force of investigative sociology . . . Anyone who wishes to understand the shifting grounds of the American establishment should read The Chosen, get shocked by the raw bigotries of the past, and accept Karabel’s challenge to rethink the meritocratic ideal." -- Todd Gitlin, professor of journalism and sociology at Columbia University and author of The Sixties
"This is a powerful book, which is richly documented, academically authoritative, and gracefully written…a remarkable combination of historical scholarship and sociological analysis." -- David F. Labaree, Stanford University
"A remarkable history of the admissions process of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton." --Malcolm Gladwell The New Yorker
"An epically scaled and scrupulously rendered history." --James Traub, slate.com
"Karabel's thorough and definitive look at elite college admissions is fascinating . . . Karabel is a clear and engaging writer." --David Brooks The New York Times Book Review
"The special value of The Chosen lies...in its stories, its...apt statistics, and its analysis of backroom university politics." --Jeffrey Kittay The Washington Post
"Fascinating...The Chosen is a monumental work of scholarship" --Charles Matthews San Jose Mercury News
“In vivid and electrifying prose, Karabel exposes the intimate and occasionally scandalous social and political relationships that marked college admissions at the Big Three throughout the twentieth century. The Chosen is a refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges, where merit often functioned simply as a handmaiden to power.” -- Lani Guinier, Bennett Boskey Professor at Harvard Law School and coauthor of The Miner’s Canary
“Millions of Americans think of the Ivy League as a training ground for the best and brightest. But for most of the twentieth century Harvard, Yale, and Princeton were more interested in sustaining the aristocracy than in shaping the nation’s intellectual elite. Jerome Karabel’s marvelous study traces the titanic struggles that defined--and redefined--the Ivy ideal. An utterly absorbing account of politics and privilege on America’s most revered campuses.” -- Kevin Boyle, National Book Award-winning author of Arc of Justice
“This is a remarkable book. Until you read it, you can have no real idea how crudely these elite universities discriminated in admissions -- against women, Jews, blacks, and others. It is a staggering hidden history.” --Anthony Lewis, former New York Times columnist and author of Gideon’s Trumpet
“A magisterial and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue.” -- Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain and Walt Whitman
“As someone who was chosen for Princeton a long time ago (but surely couldn’t get in now), I was fascinated by Jerome Karabel’s full and rich account of how my alma mater, and Harvard and Yale, picked us so often for all the wrong reasons. I learned much more about my species from reading The Chosen than everr I did when I was there myself, in flower.” -- Frank Deford, NPR commentator and author of The Old Ball Game
"The Chosen is a tour de force of investigative sociology. Burrowing into the Harvard, Yale, and Princeton archives, Karabel has found out where a lot of minds as well as bodies were buried, then exhumed them and dragged them into the light. Anyone who wishes to understand the shifting grounds of the American establishment should read The Chosen, get shocked by the raw bigotries of the past, and accept Karabel’s challenge to rethink the meritocratic ideal.” -- Todd Gitlin, professor of journalism and sociology, Columbia University, and author of The Sixties
“This dispassionate book deals with the reluctant, often painful, always controversial, processes by which the Big Three -- Harvard, Yale, Princeton -- have democratized themselves. The Chosen is a fascinating study in American cultural history." -- Arthur Schlesingerr, Jr., historian and Pulitzer Prize-winning author ooooof A Thousand Days
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Product details
- Publisher : Mariner Books; Illustrated edition (September 8, 2006)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 736 pages
- ISBN-10 : 061877355X
- ISBN-13 : 978-0618773558
- Item Weight : 2.18 pounds
- Dimensions : 6 x 1.85 x 9 inches
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Best Sellers Rank:
#142,669 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #235 in History of Education
- #291 in Philosophy & Social Aspects of Education
- #1,759 in Higher & Continuing Education
- Customer Reviews:
Customer reviews
Top reviews from the United States
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This is the rare scholarly book that reads like a good novel. Karabel is a terrific writer who brings long forgotten Ivy League leaders back to life. He makes the internal politics of a college as interesting and suspenseful as a good detective novel.
If a MUCH shorter edition were released, focusing on the period from 1945 to 2014, it might be a best seller. Books about celebrities sell, and many of the "celebrities" of modern America have attended these three colleges, including both Presidents Bush, President Clinton and President Obama.
Ivy League colleges have produced a large proportion of Amercan leaders in government, business and education. The "old" Ivy League devoted all of its vast resources to white male Christians from "good" families. Today, the majority of Ivy League students are selected for their demonstrated academic abilities, but also for their potential for future leadership in their chosen professions.
As of 2014, Ivy League colleges still reserve a large proportion of seats in their first year class for legacy applicants. A legacy applicant has a 30% to 40% chance of admission compared with just a 5% or 10% chance for a well qualified non-legacy applicant. Being from a privileged family continues to provide privileges, including tripling the odds of admission to elite colleges.
The ESSENCE of the Book
This is the unbiased story of college admissions principally at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton for hundred years of the 20th century. There are 557 pages of narrative backed up by 116 pages of footnotes. The book boils down to a confrontation between the Protestant Establishment that seeks for approximately 100 years to limit Jewish enrollment at America's most elite universities. The book covers in detail the feeder schools (Andover, Exeter, Groton etc) which were and are the private prep schools that represented the so called power elite in America.
There came a time in America when scholastic achievement achieved by Jewish individuals of Eastern European or Slavic descent completely overshadowed the intellectual achievement of the inheritors of America. Although NOT the product of a CONSPIRACY, an intervention would have to take place to limit Jewish enrollment.
America's elite universities as they saw it were in danger of being over ridden by people of enormous intellectual ability but who were otherwise incapable of providing the legacy endowments that the colleges felt they were completely dependent upon. It was further believed that if the Protestant elite decided not to attend the so called Ivy League schools, than the reputations of these schools as the last bastion of wealth in America would be permanently lost.
So What To Do?
In 557 pages author Jerome Karabel who is a sociology professor at UC Berkeley takes you tediously through each step that each of the Ivy's went through in each of the decades of the 20th century to deal with this problem. Karabel has ferreted out the original studies that the schools did, the internal arguments they went through, the vast efforts they made to disguise the problem, and re-categorize it so that outsiders would not know what they were looking at, if an investigation were undertaken. Public investigations did happen in later years.
In essence, admission to the elite schools would no longer be made on the basis of scholastic achievement alone. The decision was made that a new discriminating factor would be used to justify EXCLUSION. It was called then, and it is called now CHARACTER. Now character can mean just about anything, and that's the point. By including the concept of character, and its justification in the Admissions Process, the Ivy's were able to justify just about any selection they decided to make. The concept of character can also be referred to as non-academic criteria, and once you open the Pandora's box that contains criteria like this, just about any student who you want can be given the green light. You can also substitute the word MERIT for character, and again you must ask what is meant by this word. In both cases the word(s) is being used to limit enrollment of what are deemed to be excessive numbers of every class of people but the ones that the universities are desperately seeking to enroll.
The Big Three knew that in the end as time marched on, the number of students who could demonstrate high SAT scores plus the ability to pay full commission would be limited. This led inevitably to the schools decades later accepting female candidates not for altruistic reasons, but because they represented another potentially rich source of wealth from which to select. There were also certain children of very wealthy parents that had decided they wanted to attend a school where women were present. It must also be acknowledged that as the century moved on, the initial Jewish problem because the African-American problem, the affirmative action problem, and the Asian problem as well.
Karabel's analysis is brilliant, documented, and spot on accurate. His sources are impeccable, and one cannot argue with his thesis. It has been said often for the last 20 years, where have the people of brilliance gone to. The types of people that we saw at the founding of the American Republic, or during the FDR Administration or in the Manhattan Project. The answer is that our Presidential candidates are now an amalgam of the standards that we see set by what is documented in this book. Allow me to give you a few of the insights from this marvelous piece of scholarship:
* The whole basis of the new system was to be able to create COVER for the admissions officers to accept or reject whomever they wanted.
* It was necessary for the whole admissions process to be perceived by all outsiders as JUST.
* During the 105 year period covered by the book, a graduate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton was President of America for 44 years, and that does not include the second Bush who was a Yale graduate.
* Initially at the turn of the 20th century, the elite schools were able to keep undesirables out of the system by demanding a knowledge of Greek and Latin which was not taught in the various public school systems, thus generating automatic exclusions.
* Both James B. Conant of Harvard, and Kingman Brewster of Yale who were both Presidents of their respective schools were committed to the concept of merit as a means to preserve the status quo. Brewster's ancestors came over on the Mayflower by the way, a remarkably small social group.
* As remarkable in today's society as it sounds, in the first half of the 20th century, the gentleman's C reigned supreme at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Grades were considered third in order of importance. Club life was considered primary, and campus activities were second in importance, and then grades.
Conclusion:
I gave this book four stars only because of the lack of a serious editor who could have worked miracles on the manuscript. Had the book been cut in half, author Karabel would have done us all a favor. As it is, it is a wonderful read for a very serious topic and a very serious book. If you have an interest in this topic, than THE CHOSEN should be number one on your list of books to read, and thank you for reading this review.
Richard C. Stoyeck
Top reviews from other countries
テーマ的にはいささかマニアですが、名門高等教育機関がエリート養成所でもあることを考慮すると、ある国が「エリート」をいかに定義してきたかによって「その国のかたち」も見えてくる訳です。そういう意味でアメリカ史でもある本書なのですが、とにかく長い一冊です。巻末註を含めて700頁強。私は300頁を過ぎてから疲労を感じました。情報が細かい細かい。私のようにアメリカ、ましてや彼の国の名門大学なんかとは縁もユカリもない野次馬読者は(アメリカに行ったことさえない)、当初の衝撃を乗り越えたら後は「うう、もう分かったよ…」とヘナチョコ道まっしぐらというか。大変よく書けてますし、興味深くはあるのですが、やはりこの長さは読者の忍耐と知的情熱を試すものではあります。
各大学の「入学基準」を読んでいると、不思議な感覚に襲われます。これはまるで「理想のお婿さん探し」。家柄良く明朗活発、背丈風も良くと。馬鹿はダメだがガリ勉もダメだよ、うんたらかんたら。特にイェール大学は身長重視で、6フィート(183cmくらい)の男の子は有利だったとか。笑い事じゃないんでしょうが、笑えます。ぐっと目線を引いて見ると、人間がいかにして「好人物」を選別するか、ということでもある。これはキレイ事ではないですから。表向きはキレイ事が大好きな国でこの選別過程を正当化するのには大変なのです。各校が少しの譲歩を世人に「披露」しつつ、「美しい建前」をあの手この手で捻じ曲げながら自己の利益を死守する様子に、「おお、アメリカだなー」と歪んだ喜びを感じてしまいました。


