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Churchill's Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India during World War II Paperback – Illustrated, July 12, 2011

4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 329 ratings

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A dogged enemy of Hitler, resolute ally of the Americans, and inspiring leader through World War II, Winston Churchill is venerated as one of the truly great statesmen of the last century. But while he has been widely extolled for his achievements, parts of Churchill's record have gone woefully unexamined.As journalist Madhusree Mukerjee reveals, at the same time that Churchill brilliantly opposed the barbarism of the Nazis, he governed India with a fierce resolve to crush its freedom movement and a profound contempt for native lives. A series of Churchill's decisions between 1940 and 1944 directly and inevitably led to the deaths of some three million Indians. The streets of eastern Indian cities were lined with corpses, yet instead of sending emergency food shipments Churchill used the wheat and ships at his disposal to build stockpiles for feeding postwar Britain and Europe.

Combining meticulous research with a vivid narrative, and riveting accounts of personality and policy clashes within and without the British War Cabinet,
Churchill's Secret War places this oft-overlooked tragedy into the larger context of World War II, India's fight for freedom, and Churchill's enduring legacy. Winston Churchill may have found victory in Europe, but, as this groundbreaking historical investigation reveals, his mismanagement -- facilitated by dubious advice from scientist and eugenicist Lord Cherwell -- devastated India and set the stage for the massive bloodletting that accompanied independence.

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Editorial Reviews

About the Author

Madhusree Mukerjee won a Guggenheim fellowship to write her previous book, The Land of Naked People. She has served on the board of editors of Scientific American. She lives near Frankfurt, Germany.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Basic Books; Illustrated edition (July 12, 2011)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 368 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0465024815
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0465024810
  • Reading age ‏ : ‎ 13 years and up
  • Grade level ‏ : ‎ 11 and up
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 2.31 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 1 x 9.25 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 329 ratings

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4.5 out of 5 stars
329 global ratings
TARAK CHANDRA DAS AND THE BENGAL FAMINE
4 out of 5 stars
TARAK CHANDRA DAS AND THE BENGAL FAMINE
Although I have not yet read the book by Madhusree Mukherjee but through a reading of the dedates with Sen and Tauger in New York review of books, I find it interesting and is eager to buy it for my reading.I am not sure whether the author has read a lesser known but solid enthnographic monograph(the only existing first hand report on the famine) by a pioneer anthropologist Tarak Chandra Das(1898-1964) who wrote the book "Bengal Famine (1943): as revealed in a survey of the destitutes of Calcutta." Published by Calcutta University in the year 1949.This book is one of the major sources of data for both Sen and Tauger who has opposing views on the famine.The book is long extinct ! I myself have written a book recently on T.C.Das' contributions in Indian Anthropology in a book available in Amazon http://www.amazon.in/Tarak-Chandra-Das-Unsung-Anthropology/dp/9385883011/ref=sr_1_10?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1456602572&sr=1-10 Had I read Madhusree Mukherjee's book before writing the book on T.C.Das, I would definitely have been benefitted.
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on May 3, 2023
EXCELLENT TEN STARS !
FOR YEARS WE HAVE BEEN MADE TO BELIEVE THAT WINSTON CHURCHILL HAS BEEN A HERO,
BUT THIS BOOK WRITTEN BY MADHUSREE MUKERJEE DEMYSTIFY THIS, HIS ACTION DURING
WORLD WAR TWO IN INDIA, IN WHICH THREE MILLIONS PERISHED IN A FAMINE ( ESPECIALLY
IN THE BENGAL REGION), SHOWS THAT CHURCHILL WAS ONE OF THE MOST EVIL FIGURES IN
THE TWENTY CENTURY NOT DIFFERENT THAN HITLER, STALIN, MAO AND CASTRO.
THE BRITISH COLONIZATION IN INDIA COULD BE DESCRIBED AS A PUNISHMENT; AS THE AUTHOR
POINTS OUT BENGAL ( TODAY BANGLADESH), WAS A PROSPEROUS COUNTRY BEFORE THE
BRITISH CAME IN THE LATE EIGHTEEN CENTURY, INDIA ITSELF WAS RULED BY THE MOGULS
WHO HAVE SHORTCOMINGS AND ACHIEVEMENTS, THE HINDUS AND MOSLEMS COEXISTED,
ALL OF THESE CAME TO AN END WHEN THE BRITISH TOOK OVER, FOR MORE THAN A CENTURY
THE COUNTRY WAS RAVAGED, THERE WERE PERIODS OF FAMINE, IN FACT THE BEGINNING OF
THE COLONIZATION STARTED WITH A FAMINE.
THE COLONIAL RULE SOWED ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS DIVISIONS, THAT HAVE LEFT AFTER 1947, THE YEAR
OF THE INDEPENDENCE AND PARTITION ;A LEGACY OF INTERCOMMUNAL VIOLENCE THAT PERSISTS
TO THIS DAY IN ALL SOUTH ASIA.
THE YEAR 1943 WAS THE WORST, IN SPITE THAT THE STOCKPILES WERE PLENTY OF FOOD THEY WERE
DELIBERATELY WITHHELD FROM THE BENGAL POPULATION WITH THE EXCUSE THAT IT WAS NEEDED
FOR THE WAR, THE AUTHOR POINTS OUT THAT INDIA WAS THE MAIN SOURCE NOT ONLY IN MATERIAL
RESOURCES BUT IN TROOPS FOR THE PROSECUTION OF THE WAR NOT FOR ITSELF BUT ON BEHALF
OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE, STILL CHURCHILL REGARDED THE INDIANS ESPECIALLY THE HINDUS WITH
THE UTMOST DISRESPECT.
THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS HEADED BY MAHATMA GHANDI AND JAWAHARAL NEHRU ACTED
WITH PATRIOTISM AND LOVE FOR THEIR COUNTRY BY NOT COOPERATING WITH THE COLONIAL
AUTHORITIES IN THE WAR EFFORT AS OPPOSED TO THE COMMUNISTS THAT WERE SERVILE TO THE
SOVIET IMPERIALISM ( CHURCHILL AND STALIN WERE ALLIES AT THAT TIME) ; HOWEVER THE
GREATEST OF ALL THE INDIAN PATRIOTS AND I WILL ADD THE QUINTAESSENTIAL OF PATRIOTISM AND
LOVE AND DEDICATION FOR HIS COUNTRY WAS THE NATIONALIST LEADER SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE,
LEADER OF THE FREEDOM FIGHTERS INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY FROM 1943 TO 1945 ( IT WAS FOUNDED
IN 1942 BY MOHAN SINGH) , THE INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY (INA) FOUGHT VALIANTLY AND CORAGEOUSLY ALONGSIDE THE JAPANESE ARMY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA; IN SPITE THAT THEY NEVER
ENTERED INDIA, ITS STRUGGLE WITH BOSE AT THE HEAD SERVED AS AN EXAMPLE FOR THE INDIAN
PEOPLE TO THROW OUT THE YOKE OF BRITISH COLONIALISM AFTER WORLD WAR TWO.
THE INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY WAS COMPOSED OF HINDUS, MOSLEMS AND SIKHS, THEY WERE UNITED
UNDER THE BANNER OF INDEPENDENCE, ALL OF THEM FELT PART OF THE INDIAN NATION REGARDLESS
OF THEIR RELIGION IN CONTRAST TO THE DIVISIVE AND SECTARIAN POLICIES OF THE COLONIAL AUTHORITIES.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 30, 2012
A well researched and well written book. Very informative regarding how the British East India Company squeezed the eastern part of India dry of all riches and rendered a very rich area into the depths of poverty. Even after the British government took over the rule over India the same extortion continued although on a lesser scale. When the second world war started most of the farm produce was forcibly acquired and sent overseas to feed the British island and the army resulting in a severe famine in Eastern India in the scale of the famous Irish famine. This fact was quickly glossed over by historian and received very little notice.
17 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on July 18, 2011
Sir Winston Churchill is often called the greatest politician of the Twentieth Century, at least by petty politicians who think they want to share his grate values and great glory.

His great virtue was absolute dedication to crushing Nazi ideology which condemned millions to starve as part of deliberate national policy. In what is now Bangladesh, starvation claimed millions due to the incompetence, indifference and racial prejudice of Churchill and his senior aides.

Mukerjee details how Churchill's anti-Nazi obsession plus his basic hatred of India blinded him and thus let three million people starve to death. In all likelihood, he never knew; if he did know, Mukerjee shows he didn't care. Churchill's bitterness and hatred of Indians let them die as he set priorities on food for Britain and the Allied armies.

In every sense of the responsibility of leadership, he could and should have known. Yet he faced air raids on England and the constant threat of the U-boat blockade; in retrospect, the famine need not have occurred, but that conclusion is much clearer after the fact than at the time.

The irony is without Indian troops sent to the Mediteranean, Rommel might have crushed Britain's meagre Eighth Army and taken the Suez Canal and oilfields of the Mid-East. Why were Indian troops in North Africa? Churchill was afraid of an Indian army revolt, similar to the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, in an uprising to win independence ande freedom for India.

It's a complex history. President Franklin Roosevelt constantly deferred to Churchill's tirades for the sake of the overall war effort. Stalin didn't care. Canada had ships and grain to spare, and was told it wasn't needed.

Perhaps the prime lesson is incompetence has a much greater impact in human affairs than we ever care to admit. In that, Churchill wasn't the first incompetent nor will he be the last. It brings to mind an old saying, "When elephants fight, the mice are trampled."

Mukerjee presents a gripping and horrific story about the impact of great leaders who fight great wars that inflict great death, destruction and misery upon great numbers of "little" people. In the great scheme of history, Churchill will remain a great man; Mukerjee shows he was also a man with great flaws.

It makes this a great book.
17 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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R.Nanjappa
5.0 out of 5 stars Churchill the Villain!
Reviewed in India on March 29, 2014
Most Indians have no reason to love Churchill, though they admire him for his leadership qualities during a difficult time in the history of his people. This is because he was a staunch imperialist who said famously that he had not become the first minister of His Majesty to preside over the liquidation of the empire! But this is really not so bad- which of us would willingly give up power?

The real problem with Churchill was that in his single minded pursuit of success over the Germans in the War, he was totally unmindful of the suffering of Indians during the severest famine and its aftermath, which claimed 3 million lives. Hitler killed 6 million Jews and Churchill and his war-time advisers caused the death of half that number! Do they not deserve a Nuremburg?.

The other aspect of Churchill is his patent hatred of Hindus and positive encouragement for Muslim separation and his overt and covert support to Jinnah, even when he was out of power. Thus, Churchill emerges as a key element in the creation of Pakistan.

LIke this, this remarkable book by Madhusree Mukerjee points out so many aspects of our history during the years of the World War II. This book is well researched and closely argued. It reveals so many aspects of our history during the closing moments of our Independence movement- which are not written about generally. Gandhi emerges as a poor leader in a crisis- how he was bullied and outwitted by Churchill, how artless he was in declaring Quit India and giving the slogan 'Do or Die'- without telling exactly what the people should do! We also learn how revolutionaries kept to non-violence under the severest provocations, how they fought and even administered on their own! Churchill too emerges as muddleheaded, stubborn with narrow views, believing what he would and not willing to learn, surrounded by advisors chosen for their personal loyalty. However, he was great enough to admit towards the end that he had been wrong about India.

This book throws light on the role of Subhas Bose too, and his INA. It is clear that the British feared the impact of Subhas on the Indian army. Did the fear of Bengal revolutionaries propmt the British to decide to deny them rice-their staple grain? The clashes between Nehru and Jinnah, the way Jinnah developed his muslim separatism and emerged as their spokesman with help from the British are all dealt with.

This is one of the best researched books on our history during the War. The prologue is a competent summary of historical developments leading up to the main theme and the 4 maps provided greatly aid our understanding. Churchill won the War but his life was a failure in the sense his cherished dream of empire got shattered. India got Independence, but Gandhi was a colossal failure as he could neither prevent the partition, nor the violence that ensued. Between the two, the fate of India was sealed! It appears almost that India became free in spite of itself!

This book is very well written and no one can put it aside till it is read in full! But no one can read it without feeling deeply disturbed. This is essential reading for every educated Indian.
savon
5.0 out of 5 stars Kollateralschäden
Reviewed in Germany on July 30, 2013
Wer weiß in Europa heute schon, das in Indien, auf dem 'Flugzeugträger Englands', während des 2. Weltkrieges zehntausende Menschen prophylaktisch inhaftiert und tausende hingerichtet wurden um die Befreiungsbewegung niederzuhalten; das durch die erbarmungslose Umstellung auf Kriegsproduktion durch die britischen Kolonialgouverneure, verstärkt durch eine Naturkatastrophe, Hungersnöte ausbrachen, die weitere 100.000 das Leben kostete ? Das ausgerechnet Ghandi als EInziger vom Vorstand der Unabhängigkeitspartei den Kolonialismus für die Kriegsdauer für tolerabel hielt, während der restliche Parteivorstand standrechtlich ins Gras biss ? Prima Buch einer Inderin ! Leider nicht auf Deutsch erschienen.
S Wood
5.0 out of 5 stars "I didn't see much difference between Churchill's outlook and Hitler's"
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 4, 2012
Guess who said that? Perhaps it was Subhas Chandra Bose leader of the Japanese alligned Indian National Army? Or Nehru or Gandhi during an intemperate moment? Or some other Indian nationalist? The reality was that none of these Indian political figure made the comparison, rather it was spoken by Churchills contemporary at Harrow, his accomplice in the rearmament debates of the 1930's and his then Secretary of State for India, Leo Amery. He said it with Churchills views of the Indian people, particularly Hindus, in mind, and with especial regard to how these beliefs impacted on British policies in India during World War 2 in general, and the Bengal Famine of 1943 in particular. This famine probably (as usual no one was counting with any particular care) cost Bengal and the surrounding provinces in excess of 3 million lives, and formed a brutal endpiece to Britains Imperial rule in Bengal that mirrored the famine that accompanied the Empires first steps there in the 1770's.

If anyone has the notion to regard Amerys comparison as hyperbole they would do well to read Madhusree Mukerjee's "Churchill's Secret War". The centre piece of Mukerjee's book is the Bengal famine of 1943 to which she devotes much space to set the context within which it occurred, analysing the British response (stymied by the Hitlerite attitude of Churchill towards Indians), as well as measuring up the practicality and likely results of the options pushed for at the time by Amery and other officials. Beyond this the whole of the British policy in India during the War is covered, from India's War effort (paid for by the accumulation of Sterling balances in London for gradual payment after the war), the efforts to divide Muslims from Hindus, and the effects of British plans for the defence of Eastern India from Japanese invasion which made famine almost inevitable.

Beyond the narrating and analysis of events is Mukerjee's accounts of the main actors, in particular Churchill (whose repulsive views on Indians are extensively quoted) and his all purpose aide Lord Cherwell whose views of the "lesser" races make one wonder why he hadn't just stayed in Germany during the Nazi period. This pair between them bear a major part of the responsibility for the negligible efforts at avoiding or ameliorating the effects of the famine. This negligence was not based on ignorance of the facts, but the fruit of their vicious racial beliefs with regard to Indians that makes Amery's comparison of Churchill to Hitler an apposite one.

Overall "Churchill's Secret War" is the brilliant, well researched account and analysis of India's experience of the second world war. Fans of Churchill may be a little upset, but the "great" mans reputation is long overdue a reappraisal in the popular imagination. His policies and opinions on India were perhaps his most brutal, but they are not alone and chime in with his attitudes towards Arabs, whom he advocated bombing with poisoned gas, and other colonial peoples, not to mention the working people of Britain itself. Thoroughly recommended.
Nick D Kenyon
5.0 out of 5 stars Five Stars
Reviewed in Australia on December 27, 2015
Suspected he was a B....rd.
Dr. Anand R
5.0 out of 5 stars Nice
Reviewed in India on September 27, 2024
Good