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A Clockwork Orange Paperback – April 17, 1995
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Great Music, it said, and Great Poetry would like quieten Modern Youth down and make Modern Youth more Civilized. Civilized my syphilised yarbles.
A vicious fifteen-year-old droog is the central character of this 1963 classic. In Anthony Burgess's nightmare vision of the future, where the criminals take over after dark, the story is told by the central character, Alex, who talks in a brutal invented slang that brilliantly renders his and his friends' social pathology. A Clockwork Orange is a frightening fable about good and evil, and the meaning of human freedom. When the state undertakes to reform Alex to "redeem" him, the novel asks, "At what cost?" This edition includes the controversial last chapter not published in the first edition and Burgess's introduction "A Clockwork Orange Resucked."- Print length213 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherW. W. Norton & Company
- Publication dateApril 17, 1995
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.6 x 8.3 inches
- ISBN-100393312836
- ISBN-13978-0393312836
- Lexile measure1310L
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Editorial Reviews
Review
― New York Times
"Looks like a nasty little shocker, but is really that rare thing in English letters: a philosophical novel."
― Time
"I do not know of any other writer who has done as much with language as Mr. Burgess has done here ― the fact that this is also a very funny book may pass unnoticed."
― William S. Burroughs
"A terrifying and marvelous book."
― Roald Dahl
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company (April 17, 1995)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 213 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0393312836
- ISBN-13 : 978-0393312836
- Lexile measure : 1310L
- Item Weight : 6.7 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.6 x 8.3 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #448,173 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #4,536 in Psychological Fiction (Books)
- #11,438 in Classic Literature & Fiction
- #23,524 in Literary Fiction (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Anthony Burgess (1917-1993) was a novelist, poet, playwright, composer, linguist, translator and critic. He is best known for his novel A Clockwork Orange (1962), but altogether he wrote thirty-three novels, twenty-five works of non-fiction, two volumes of autobiography, three symphonies, more than 250 other musical works, and thousands of essays, articles and reviews.
Burgess was born in Manchester, England and grew up in Harpurhey and Moss Side. He was educated at Xaverian College and Manchester University. He lived in Malaya, Malta, Monaco, Italy and the United States, among other places. His books are still widely read all over the world.
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Alex is a truly bad guy. The books tells us the bad things he does, but not in titillating detail. That would sort of miss the point. As the narrative voice, Alex pretty much just summarizes what happens and then moves on to the next thing. I simultaneously feel revulsion, but also sympathize with him, even when his reasoning is utterly self-centered. It's a strange sensation.
The middle of the story tells about the aversive-conditioning process Alex goes through. Even here, he mostly summarizes rather than going into a lot of detail. As narrator, Alex even tells us that he's skipping some stuff because it's just too awful. They don't actually torture Alex like they do in 1984. Instead, it's all psychological, a mixture of drugs and the forced viewing of movies depicting horrible acts.
The theme seems to be a contrast between internally-motivated goodness versus externally-induced behavior. In the famously controversial last chapter, Alex just gradually grows out of it, as if being bad were simply a phase of childhood. I think this is a better ending than the penultimate chapter, but it stills seems a big unsatisfactory. It seems to dismiss how evil and selfish Alex is through most of the book. It doesn't present any kind of repentance. OTOH, it might be consistent with how criminally-minded people change as they grow old.
Little Alex. Little Alex has a proper mum and pop, lives in a proper flat, in a proper block, all good. But it's not enough for little Alex. Little Alex likes to perform a bit of ultra-violence every night with his droogs, but it's just simple bloodletting, oh no. It's more sophisticated than that. Alex has wit, Alex is fond of classical music, Alex adds the disturbing twist to his crimes, and that, only at 15. He does everything there is to try, the beating, the cutting, the raping, the stealing, until one day he stumbles on killing, and that's a slippery slope that leads him to an institution where some very interesting new curing methods are tried on him, and lo and behold, I can't tell you no more as otherwise I will spoil it for you, in case you happened to have been untouched by this story, wether in book or film shape. Anyway. It all turns around, of course, as things do in life. Those who do crimes, pay for their crimes, but who is to judge what is fair? How much do you pay, and when can we stop the punishment? I know there have been horsed of scholars who said smart things about this book and about life and people at large and how it relates, but on my level I can tell you that the coin has always two sides, and we may forever wonder if what the author was trying to say, but I have a feeling that is wasn't simple glorifying of sex and violence, as it might seem. Oh no. It's about "Why?", and about "Why not?" Why do we have violence and those who enjoy it? Because those who do it can tell you, why not? When we're blind as to why we shouldn't, we do it just because we can, don't we? We do until we get caught. That's how we learn. Some earlier, some later. Alex does learn, eventually, but at a cost. Okay, I need to shut up now otherwise this will turn into an essay. Go read it. It will, literally, blow your mind.
What makes this book difficult is not so much the mindless violence that the narrator engages in or the nadsat language that he uses, but moreover the directness with which Burgess wrote the story. He didn't soften it by loading it up with metaphors, he went straight for the jugular.
The satire in this book clearly attacks at least three aspects of society, each given their own section in the book:
Part one takes a shot at the choice, notions of "free will" are closely examined in this book, of Alex and his cohorts to freely engage in hooliganism and mindless crime for no other reason than that they can. Alex revels in it, glorifies himself through it and makes no apologies. Alex is not written to be likable, he is neither protagonist nor anti-hero; he is simply Alex who exercised his free will contrary to how we would have liked to see him do it.
Part two attacks corrupt, hypocritical governments and other power structures and what they do with their powers when left unchecked. After Alex is simply thrown in prison for his crimes, he hears of a new experimental method of "reforming" criminals in such a way that they will not ever re-offend. Officially, this is done to ease the burden on the prison system. Realistically, it's a disturbing and invasive behavioral control mechanism that goes much deeper than simply eradicating Alex's criminal tendencies; it stifles his ability to take much joy in life at all, criminal or benign. The classical music he was passionate about before the "treatment" is unbearable to him after. What they do to "reform" Alex is pure abuse of power and no less disturbing than anything Alex himself ever did.
Part three takes a run at anti-government groups and how they use, and often abuse, people. After his release from prison. Alex eventually and unwittingly finds his way into the company of a man who he horribly victimized in the first part and two other men representing and anti-government organization. Initially, they see Alex as a potential "poster boy" for their cause and intend to use him as evidence to the public of how evil the government is; however, a combination of Alex's former victim eventually recognizing Alex for who he really is and Alex later trying to take his own life sees the anti-government movement abandon Alex almost as quickly as they rallied around him. Their only interest in him was as a tool for their cause.
This book challenges the reader because it gives no true protagonist to bond to, in fact it strives to keep a distance between the reader and the narrator and the nadsat slang is a big part of how that's done. The slang is not actually that difficult to figure out as there is enough standard English to give context. The key is that nadsat works exactly as slang should, that is as an exclusionary language; every generation creates its own slang to confuse older, more authoritative generations and to keep them somewhat in the dark.
Burgess places the reader in the position of being a bystander to the goings on in the story; close enough that we can see, but still outside of it and not directly involved. Disturbingly like watching a television newscast these days.
misspent youth, government corruption and anti-government groups of often dubious motives existed at the time Burgess wrote this book and they still exist today; they are timeless things. As such, this book is anything but dystopian; it's uncomfortably contemporary.
As for the film adaptation; that was certainly not one of Stanley kubrick's finest hours. It only very loosely follows the story, cuts out a lot of critical events and adjusts certain characters' physical qualities to the point where a lot of the shock value is lost.
Read this edition of the book for best effect. The notes, essays and interviews at the end are very enlightening and add greatly to the overall reading experience.
Top reviews from other countries
The protagonist is an unlikable teenage thug who leads a gang into acts of extreme violence. There are no excuses for his behaviour, such as having a dysfunctional or poor family life, he simply enjoys what he does. What this means is that I have no sympathy for him. He also is quite original in that he likes classical music and has invented a language that he and his friends use, which is a mixture of slang and words taken from Eastern European countries.
This invented language leads to two things. One is that I struggled to follow the story for a while as the flow was interrupted by having to refer to the glossary far too often, so that in the end I just ploughed through without fully understanding what the word meant. Does he have a pain in the stomach or the head? Never mind, move on. Very frustrating. However, this also serves to diminish the impact of the violence, which is very disturbing. Flicking to the glossary to find out what has covered the floor certainly disrupts the graphic imagery.
The next two parts of the book demonstrate an evergreen theme: freewill. Should delinquent members of society be forced to conform to the accepted standards by brainwashing or other such programmes, or be allowed to suffer the consequences of their choices organically. There are other themes covering good versus evil, man versus machine, man versus government, youth versus maturity, and intellect versus intuition. All relevant today.
The story is told from the perspective of the protagonist in a lighthearted, frivolous and arrogant manner, suitable for someone capable of such unfeeling brutality against others. The style does not connect with the depravity or touch the dark acts in the way many other novels do, so I always felt disconnected from the story. Perhaps that is the point. Towards the end it also feels as if the author has lost his way a bit, too.
A Clockwork Orange certainly has an originality, but as it took me three weeks to read a relatively short book, it suggests I wasn't drawn to the story as much as I expected.
The story itself is remarkably true to the film (ok I know the book came first but the film was what made it iconic). The nadsat isn't tricky, you can still understand what's going on even if you don't understand particular words (and if that bothers you check the glossary) and gives a unique flavour to the book. The last chapter is well...it divides people. I personally think it's better without but Burgess did write it so it does belong as part of the book. An interesting read for fans of the film and generally literature for it's nadsat language.
The use of Nadsat can be relatively confusing for the reader, however, you slowly begin to understand the terminology while progressing through the novel. This is an interesting tool as it acts as a buffer for the reader, protecting them from the horror initially and then opening up and divulging the gritty details as the plot develops.
Burgess should take great pride in A Clockwork Orange as the novel is a unique assessment of law and order through the chaotic life of its titular character.
A short but sweet effort ACO encompasses a multitude of horrors in its 141 pages but the childish writing softens the blow here. The slang the book is written in is easy to decipher and the reader is quickly able to read between the lines and get to the heart of the novel, when this is done, you have an achievement, balancing comedy and horror in the perfect blend and despite Kubrick adapting this to a phenomenal motion picture, in this case, once again, the book remains superior to the film.














