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The Codex Borgia: A Full-Color Restoration of the Ancient Mexican Manuscript (Dover Fine Art, History of Art) Paperback – June 22, 1993
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Considered by many scholars the finest extant Mexican codex and one of the most important original sources for the study of pre-Columbian religion, the Codex Borgia is a work of profound beauty, filled with strange and evocative images related to calendrical, cosmological, ritual, and divinatory matters. Generally similar to such Mixtec manuscripts as the Codex Nuttall, the Codex Borgia is thought to have its origin (ca. A.D. 1400) in the southern central highlands of Mexico, perhaps in Puebla or Oaxaca. It is most probably a religious document that once belonged to a temple or sacred shrine.
One use of the Codex many have been to divine the future, for it includes ritual 260 day calendars, material on aspects of the planet Venus, and a sort of numerological prognostic of the lives of wedded couples. Another section concerns various regions of the world and the supernatural characters and attributes of those regions. Also described are the characteristics of a number of deities, while still other passages relate to installation ceremonies of rulers in pre-Columbian kingdoms.
Until the publication of this Dover edition, the Codex Borgia has been largely inaccessible to the general public. The priceless original is in the Vatican Library and previous photographic facsimiles are very rare or very expensive or both. Moreover, the original Codex has been damaged over the centuries, resulting in the obscuration and loss of many images. In order to recapture the beauty and grandeur of the original, Gisele Diaz and Alan Rodgers have painstakingly restored the Codex by hand— a seven-year project — employing the most scrupulous research and restoration techniques. The result is 76 large full-color plates of vibrant, striking depictions of gods, kings, warriors, mythical creatures, and mysterious abstract designs — a vivid panorama that offers profound insights into pre-Columbian Mexican myth and ritual. Now students, anthropologists, lovers of fine art and rare books — anyone interested in the art and culture of ancient Mexico — can study the Codex Borgia in this inexpensive, accurate, well-made edition. An informative introduction by noted anthropologist Bruce E. Byland places the Codex in its historical context and helps elucidate its meaning and significance.
- Print length112 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherDover Publications
- Publication dateJune 22, 1993
- Dimensions9 x 0.5 x 12 inches
- ISBN-100486275698
- ISBN-13978-0486275697
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From the Publisher
The Codex Borgia: A Full-Color Restoration of the Ancient Mexican Manuscript
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Plate 48: Page 2 of Three Groups of Five Deities |
Plate 41: Page 13 of the Ritual Sequence, a Blue Road and a Cogged Disc on Stripe Eye's Journey |
Plate 28: The Five Directions with Rain Deities and the First Five Years of a 52-year Calendar Cycle. |
Editorial Reviews
From the Back Cover
Considered by many scholars the finest extant Mexican codex and one of the most important original sources for the study of pre-Columbian religion, the Codex Borgia is a work of profound beauty, filled with strange and evocative images related to calendrical, cosmological, ritual, and divinatory matters. Generally similar to such Mixtec manuscripts as the Codex Nuttall, the Codex Borgia is thought to have its origin (ca. A.D. 1400) in the southern central highlands of Mexico, perhaps in Puebla or Oaxaca. It is most probably a religious document that once belonged to a temple or sacred shrine.
One use of the Codex many have been to divine the future, for it includes ritual 260 day calendars, material on aspects of the planet Venus, and a sort of numerological prognostic of the lives of wedded couples. Another section concerns various regions of the world and the supernatural characters and attributes of those regions. Also described are the characteristics of a number of deities, while still other passages relate to installation ceremonies of rulers in pre-Columbian kingdoms.
Until the publication of this Dover edition, the Codex Borgia has been largely inaccessible to the general public. The priceless original is in the Vatican Library and previous photographic facsimiles are very rare or very expensive or both. Moreover, the original Codex has been damaged over the centuries, resulting in the obscuration and loss of many images. In order to recapture the beauty and grandeur of the original, Gisele Diaz and Alan Rodgers have painstakingly restored the Codex by hand—a seven-year project—employing the most scrupulous research and restoration techniques. The result is 76 large full-color plates of vibrant, striking depictions of gods, kings, warriors, mythical creatures, and mysterious abstract designs—a vivid panorama that offers profound insights into pre-Columbian Mexican myth and ritual. Now students, anthropologists, lovers of fine art and rare books— anyone interested in the art and culture of ancient Mexico—can study the Codex Borgia in this inexpensive, accurate, well-made edition. An informative introduction by noted anthropologist Bruce E. Byland places the Codex in its historical context and helps elucidate its meaning and significance.
Product details
- Publisher : Dover Publications; First Edition (June 22, 1993)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 112 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0486275698
- ISBN-13 : 978-0486275697
- Item Weight : 13.8 ounces
- Dimensions : 9 x 0.5 x 12 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #33,578 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #2 in Aztec History
- #4 in Mexico History
- #49 in Native American History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Born August 11, 1959 in Montclair, NJ Died March 8, 2014 in Anaheim, CA
Rodgers was a science fiction and horror writer, editor and poet.
In the early eighties he was Associate Editor for Rod Serling's Twilight Zone Magazine(1984-1987). Soon after he initiated another project as the Editor of the spin-off horror digest Night Cry(1985-1987). His stories have been published in a number of venues including Weird Tales, Twilight Zone and a number of anthologies such as Darker Masques, Prom Night and Vengeance Fantastic.
He began publishing fantasy with Bram Stoker Award for Best Long Form Fiction winner and World Fantasy Award nominee the novelette "The Boy Who Came Back From the Dead"(1987). His debut horror novel "Blood of the Children"(1989) was a Bram Stoker Award nominee for Best First Horror Novel. Other novels to follow were "Fire"(1990), "Night"(1991), "Pandora"(1995), Stoker Award nominee "Bone Music"(1995), "The Bear Who Found Christmas"(2000) and "Her Misbegotten Son"(2000).
Rodgers is also known for such works as "Alien Love", "The River of Our Destiny", "Angel of Our Mercy" and "Light"
There were two collections of his fiction, "New Life For the Dead"(1992) and "Ghosts Who Cannot Sleep"(2000).
He is survived by his three children, Andrea, Alexandra and Abram and his three siblings, Jyaphia, Laurie and Scott as well as his long term romantic interest fiction author Amy Sterling Casil.
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Other than that, this is a great reproduction of the Borgia codex. It is cheap, it is light and it is well made. Another thing to keep in mind, the codex borgia is read left to right, this reproduction was printed right to left, so it forces you to read the codex in the wrong direction.
Look at the "plate number" and the page number in the book, they do not match. Also notice that the plate number is in descending order.
Update Edit: 2017 -- I still own this book, though I do not use it super often. I would recommend this as a cheap and easy to buy version of the Borgia, just keep in mind that it is not 100% accurate compared to the original. If you have the money, and you can find a copy, your best bet would be a facsimile. But be prepared to spend 100s of dollars.
For the average user, this book does the job, especially at the price point.
The characters are, overwhelmingly, bloodsoaked and violent. There is decapitation, dismemberment and heart sacrifice. This document gives the lie to those anthropologists who claim that the mesoamerican societies are 'misunderstood' and were not human sacrificial--that tales of human sacrifice and cannibalism were tales perpetrated by the Conquistadores to justify their conquest and subjugation of gentle cultures.
Well, not quite. Judging my this and other codices, as well as archaeologic revelations, suggest that these societies were just as bloodstained as advertised. This is not to justify the Spanish Conquest but just a simple fact.
At the same time, many of the characters in this codex require major interpretation. Virtually everything is split, injured or vomits blood. Depictions of people [children?] being tortured and blinded are especially disturbing. Nevertheless, this is a document well worth owning.
Ron Braithwaite author of novels--"Skull Rack" and "Hummingbird God"--on the Spanish Conquest of Mexic
Top reviews from other countries
Reviewed in Mexico on May 15, 2021
The artwork is brimming with detail that is absurd, violent, disturbing, amusing and beautiful, I see something new everytime I browse the 76 colour plates. It depicts gods, a 260 day calendar, calendrical relationships between gods, places and directions to name a few. It is clearly brimming with detail that was all highly relevant and sacred to its original readers.
A begrudging complaint is that this book's commentary does not go into any deep detail about all of this visual detail. In its defence the book never claims to give an in depth commentary but if you are buying it for that purpose you may be disappointed. It does provide a bibliography to pursue further reading but seeing as this was published in 1993 I don't know how widely or cheaply available much of this material is.
The commentary is however serviceable and gives you a basic outline of what your brain is trying to comprehend as you scan the menagerie of animated figures and creatures within its pages. There is an earnest attempt to explain the 260 day calendar and the calendrical representations that the Codex Borgia is almost entirely composed of.
If you love mesoamerica, art, history or the utter bizarre then you should add this to your library.
En format papier, c'est quand même bien plus confortable pour regarder, scruter, analyser le moindre détail et comprendre peu à peu les mystères de ce magnifique codex.















