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Colonization After Emancipation: Lincoln and the Movement for Black Resettlement Hardcover – February 14, 2011
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History has long acknowledged that President Abraham Lincoln, the Great Emancipator, had considered other approaches to rectifying the problem of slavery during his administration. Prior to Emancipation, Lincoln was a proponent of colonization: the idea of sending African American slaves to another land to live as free people. Lincoln supported resettlement schemes in Panama and Haiti early in his presidency and openly advocated the idea through the fall of 1862. But the bigoted, flawed concept of colonization never became a permanent fixture of U.S. policy, and by the time Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, the word “colonization” had disappeared from his public lexicon. As such, history remembers Lincoln as having abandoned his support of colonization when he signed the proclamation. Documents exist, however, that tell another story.
Colonization after Emancipation: Lincoln and the Movement for Black Resettlement explores the previously unknown truth about Lincoln’s attitude toward colonization. Scholars Phillip W. Magness and Sebastian N. Page combed through extensive archival materials, finding evidence, particularly within British Colonial and Foreign Office documents, which exposes what history has neglected to reveal—that Lincoln continued to pursue colonization for close to a year after emancipation. Their research even shows that Lincoln may have been attempting to revive this policy at the time of his assassination.
Using long-forgotten records scattered across three continents—many of them untouched since the Civil War—the authors show that Lincoln continued his search for a freedmen’s colony much longer than previously thought. Colonization after Emancipation reveals Lincoln’s highly secretive negotiations with the British government to find suitable lands for colonization in the West Indies and depicts how the U.S. government worked with British agents and leaders in the free black community to recruit emigrants for the proposed colonies. The book shows that the scheme was never very popular within Lincoln’s administration and even became a subject of subversion when the president’s subordinates began battling for control over a lucrative “colonization fund” established by Congress.
Colonization after Emancipation reveals an unexplored chapter of the emancipation story. A valuable contribution to Lincoln studies and Civil War history, this book unearths the facts about an ill-fated project and illuminates just how complex, and even convoluted, Abraham Lincoln’s ideas about the end of slavery really were.
- Print length178 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherUniversity of Missouri
- Publication dateFebruary 14, 2011
- Reading age18 years and up
- Dimensions6 x 0.8 x 9 inches
- ISBN-100826219098
- ISBN-13978-0826219091
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"For those interested in Lincoln's racial policies and the details of his administration's handling and mishandling of possible colonization projects, this book is required reading." - Civil War News
"The authors are to be saluted for their enterprising and original research. They have made an important contribution to the literature." - Harold Holzer, Co-Chairman, Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission
"Colonization after Emancipation boasts something highly unusual in the crowded world of Lincoln studies: an untapped trove of documentary evidence with which to assess Lincoln's views on slavery, race, and emancipation" - K. Stephen Prince, Civil War History
From the Back Cover
"There is no doubt this book is going to attract a great deal of attention. Its strength lies in its nuanced analysis and the balanced conclusion it draws." - Richard J.M. Blackett, author of Divided Hearts: Britain and the American Civil War
About the Author
Phillip W. Magness is an Academic Program Director at the Institute for Humane Studies, George Mason University. Sebastian N. Page is Junior Research Fellow at the Queen's College, University of Oxford.
Product details
- Publisher : University of Missouri; First Edition (February 14, 2011)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 178 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0826219098
- ISBN-13 : 978-0826219091
- Reading age : 18 years and up
- Item Weight : 13.7 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.8 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,937,318 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #11,117 in U.S. Civil War History
- #11,292 in African American Demographic Studies (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Sebastian Page is a historian of the United States and Atlantic world during the nineteenth century. He specializes in the emigration of African Americans through the U.S. Civil War, and of former Confederates after it. He is based at Hertford College, University of Oxford.
https://oxford.academia.edu/SebastianPage

Phil Magness is a political and economic historian of the "long" 19th century U.S. (1787-1920). His work aims to foster our understanding what Tocqueville and Bastiat described as two of the main policy problems in early American government: Slavery and Tariffs.
Magness' interest in abolitionism encompasses the works of the anti-slavery constitutionalist faction of Gerrit Smith and Lysander Spooner, as well as the little-studied yet historically important black pamphleteer & man of letters John Willis Menard. He is also a specialist in the history of the colonization movement and related attempts to resettle freed slaves abroad, particularly during the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln's presidency. His work on trade and tax policy examines the tariff as a problem of political economy in the 19th century U.S., and covers the founding era through the adoption of the Income Tax in 1913 when tariffs ceased to be used as a primary revenue-generating policy.
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It is a well documented fact that Lincoln pursued colonization in his first two years. $600,000 had been set aside to fund such projects, Lincoln made speeches about it, he encouraged prominent black men to get on board with colonization and even convinced some to go to Île à Vache (which ended up in disaster). But after Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation, all colonization speech abruptly ended.
To explain this, historians have agreed on two arguments concerning Lincoln's views on race and colonization. The "lullaby thesis" and the "change of heart thesis." The lullaby thesis primarily argues that Lincoln was a supporter of colonization only as a means to trick slave states into adopting emancipation and then never seriously go through with colonization, so in other words to "lull" them. This of course ignores the fact that Lincoln was an active advocate of the America Colonization Society for most of his adult life, but some very distinguished historians subscribe to this.
The other explanation is that Lincoln had a sudden change of heart. The Île à Vache colony failed, the Republican party was mostly against colonization, Lincoln had trouble convincing free blacks to resettle and he saw that blacks could make good soldiers.
Therefor this book essentially argues against those two points. I don't want to write about every fact of the book, but in light of the new discoveries that Magness and Page made, it is much more plausible that Lincoln was still struggling with his beliefs on race and the future of blacks. Since the war was fought to reunite the country and not over black civil rights, Lincoln wrestled with how to repair the nation after the war. And if colonization could help that goal, he was a supporter of it. The book is in no way a screed or a condemnation about Lincoln, but it is a more accurate reflection on how he intellectualized race, one that is not as pretty or progressive as the Lincoln we learn about in school.


