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Comedy in a Minor Key: A Novel Hardcover – Bargain Price, July 20, 2010
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A penetrating study of ordinary people resisting the Nazi occupation—and, true to its title, a dark comedy of wartime manners—Comedy in a Minor Key tells the story of Wim and Marie, a Dutch couple who first hide a Jew they know as Nico, then must dispose of his body when he dies of pneumonia. This novella, first published in 1947 and now translated into English for the first time, shows Hans Keilson at his best: deeply ironic, penetrating, sympathetic, and brilliantly modern, an heir to Joseph Roth and Franz Kafka. In 2008, when Keilson received Germany’s prestigious Welt Literature Prize, the citation praised his work for exploring “the destructive impulse at work in the twentieth century, down to its deepest psychological and spiritual ramifications.”
Published to celebrate Keilson’s hundredth birthday, Comedy in a Minor Key—and The Death of the Adversary, reissued in paperback—will introduce American readers to a forgotten classic author, a witness to World War II and a sophisticated storyteller whose books remain as fresh as when they first came to light.
- Print length135 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherFarrar, Straus and Giroux
- Publication dateJuly 20, 2010
- Dimensions5.27 x 0.68 x 7.8 inches
- ISBN-100374126755
- ISBN-13978-0374126759
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From Booklist
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Praise for Comedy in a Minor Key
“This first-ever English translation of Keilson’s gripping 1947 novel about a Dutch couple hiding a Jewish perfume merchant in their home during WWII marks a welcome reintroduction to the author’s unfortunately obscure oeuvre . . . Beautifully nuanced and moving, Keilson’s tale probes the more concealed, subtle forces that annihilate the human spirit.” —Publishers Weekly
“[Comedy in a Minor Key’s] design is so neat, spare, and geometric that to think of it is like tapping a spoon to a crystal glass.” —Yelena Akhtiorskaya, The Forward
“A brisk, engaging work of Holocaust literature that deserves to be better known.” —Brendan Driscoll, Booklist
“What Keilson had experienced, body and soul, went into this precisely composed book, which succeeds in capturing the tragedy of countless anonymous victims alongside the grotesquerie of the individual tragic case.” —Ulrich Weinzierl, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
About the Author
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Comedy in a Minor Key
By HANS KEILSONFarrar, Straus and Giroux
Copyright © 1947 Hans KeilsonAll right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-374-12675-9
Chapter One
"There they are again," the doctor said suddenly, and he stood up. Unexpectedly, like his words, the noise of the approaching airplane motors slipped into the silence of the death chamber. He tilted his head to one side, squinted his eyes half shut, and listened.As if a small generator hidden somewhere in the house had started and quickly revved up to full speed, the droning sound of the night squadron flying in grew stronger. It might also-or so it seemed at first-be coming from the basement, or from the house next door ... But it was the night bombers making themselves heard, no doubt about it. In a wide formation they came from England over the beach that received the North Sea just a few miles away, shot out their Fares to show the planes following behind them the Fight path over Holland, and disappeared in the night across the eastern border. A few hours later they could be heard in another location, farther north or farther south, returning home, and then their noise grew fainter in the direction of the sea.
The man and woman standing indecisively near the bed, the way people stand when moved by fear and sadness at the same time, also looked up a little and listened.
"Already. So early," the doctor whispered to no one in particular.
Wim looked sideways at him, confused, as though not sure what this comment referred to.
The first shots of the night-dull, thudding pops-were in curious contrast to the fine, almost musical sound of the airplanes. The windowpanes and doors shook and rattled, and the whole house, too lightly built, answered the explosions with a delicate, quick shudder. The beginning was always exciting, no matter how many times a person had already lived through it.
It was near the end of March and the days were getting longer again. When the doctor arrived, around seven o'clock, it was still light out.
Still, Marie had blacked out the windows in the room on the second floor, where "he" lived, as she had been doing for months. This involved a somewhat complicated system of cords and hooks. She preferred to do it herself because she was afraid that someone might see him from the street-a rather exaggerated concern, since there was no house opposite.
Their house stood on the western edge of the city, on a street of identically shaped new buildings-two rooms with a sliding door between them on the ground floor, three rooms and a bathroom upstairs, and an attic with a crawl space-across from a park. Past the park, the immeasurable west country, with its greenhouses and the pasturelands depopulated by the war, spread out all the way to the horizon, interrupted by canals and dams. Behind that was the mist of the sea. A silver seam out there, like glittering frost, held together the earth and the sky and the water.
This nightly ceremony of blacking out the windows belonged to a regimen of precautions that had moved into their house on the same day as the stranger. When the sickness came too, she performed these actions with even greater care, with a vague feeling that the sick man posed an even greater danger to them than someone healthy.
He had lain in bed for about two weeks. After a year of staying in this room day in and day out had driven the last emaciated traces of life from his face, the fever had given it back a certain color and curvature. In the final days, he spoke hardly a word. It was coming to an end.
When Marie turned on the light in his room in the evening, he still turned his face to the wall, an old habit. In the change from the dim outside light to the Fat dull light of the electric bulb, his face appeared gray, like parchment. But his weakened body lay like a lump, motionless under the wool blanket. The lamp at half strength in the middle of the room cast more shadow than light.
Since he had gone into hiding in their house, they had screwed in a lower-watt bulb, to save money. And added a bluish cloth to the milky white lampshade to absorb more light.
Wim and Marie were not fearful people by nature. When they decided to hide someone in their house, they understood the risk they were taking on-to a certain extent, insofar as one can ever judge risk a priori. For risk falls under the category of Surprise, which is precisely what you can't calculate in advance.
What if he suddenly got the idea to open the window himself during the day and stick his head out? Or turn on the light in the middle of the night, after taking down the blackout curtains? Not out of recklessness or to play a trick on them, but ... You never knew, with a person in his situation, if he was about to do something stupid. No matter how you look at it, it's no bed of roses to force yourself to sit alone in a room, for twelve months or often even longer, always with a certain danger in view, or to shuffle around the room-in felt slippers, of course.
Because for heaven's sake, the cleaning lady who came for half a day twice a week, or the neighbors, could never know that someone was staying here on the second floor. Even if you could completely trust them, "Thank God." Everyone on this street was "good." And who knows if someone else in felt slippers wasn't creeping around in one of these neighbors' rooms too, preferring not to stick his nose outdoors during the day. Anyway, it was better not to talk about such things. There was so much gossip going around ...
"No one can know, you hear? Only if we agree to that-" Marie had said, back then.
"Of course-" Wim answered calmly. "That's obvious, no one. But you need to think it over carefully, there'll be a lot of ..."
"I've already thought it over," countered Marie. He should have known that she never did anything without thinking it over. "No one, not even Coba."
"Not even Coba, agreed," Wim confirmed.
Coba was his sister. She lived nearby, in a suburb half an hour away by streetcar. The two women were very good friends, and Coba came by to see them so often that in the long run it was impossible to keep it a secret from her. And really, why keep it from Coba? ... But Wim had said, "Agreed." They would learn over time. And in the end, every situation conceals within itself certain unforeseen possibilities.
"And Erik?" Marie continued.
"Erik?" Wim asked, taken aback, and again: "Erik?" No question about it, she was nervous. The most nonsensical names were coming into her head. "What makes you think of him? For as long as we've been married, he ... hold on ..." He thought about it. "I think he's been here once. There's nothing to worry about with him ... More likely when Mother comes; what then?"
Marie was startled. "I hadn't thought of that ..." She rubbed her head with both hands and then fixed her hair again, even though nothing needed fixing. "Yes ... whenever we have any guests ... How will Mother take it?"
"So you want to tell her?"
"When she stays with us, Wim-naturally I'll tell her."
"I'm not sure it is so natural," Wim had said, and tugged his tie straight ...
The first wave of airplanes was now flying over the row of houses.
All three of them stiffened in the same slightly hunched-over position-one never felt totally free. Their heads were tilted a little to one side. As the shots thudded at short intervals now, one after the other, their neck muscles twitched with the tension of listening and with the danger that was hurtling by over their heads, which made the whole house shake in unsteady expectation. The motors pounded powerfully. These artificial constructions of levers and corrugated metal, called to rigid-winged, brief life, filled the land and the sky with the rhythm of their iron pulse.
Here in the room someone had died.
"There they are again ..." Those had always been his words too. Sometimes, when they would still sit together over dinner in the back room-the only time in the day when he, as arranged, came downstairs-he had suddenly, in the middle of a bite, thrown back his head so that his large, hairy nostrils were visible under the sharply curved ridge of his nose and, with his mouth full, his hands planting the cutlery vertically on the table, he spoke those four words: "There they are again!" It was as if he had been waiting for them.
If the planes came later, when he was alone in his room, sometimes even in bed, he sat up straight and uttered this formula into the silent bedroom.
Of the three of them, he was always the first to hear the airplanes.
Wim didn't let it bother him. "Well ...," he answered, more in question than in agreement. But not directly skeptical or denying either. Rather, in the tactful, uninterested way one leaves a matter undecided when it is theoretically possible at some point in time, even if not exactly this one. He certainly never interrupted his meal because of it.
"Yes it's true," Marie said, and hesitated before taking the next bite from the fork she was holding in place-"Yes, Nico's right ... can you hear it?" She speared her knife into the air.
"So early today," Nico went on, and looked at the clock on the opposite wall. "Ten past seven." His eyes shone because his ears had not betrayed him. The droning grew louder. Wim heard it too.
The first shots of the night-dull, thudding pops-were in curious contrast to the fine, almost musical sound of the airplanes. The windowpanes and doors shook and rattled, and the whole house, too lightly built, answered the explosions with a quick shudder. The beginning was always exciting, no matter how many times a person had already lived through it.
"They want to get back home early; pass the potatoes please, Marie," Wim said. He was satisfied with this dry explanation and felt that he had rid the world of this not particularly interesting situation. "Eat! It's getting cold!"
"No, Wim, no," Nico responded, a little worked up, as though for him it was an existential question, and he let his head with its stuffed cheeks sink forward again until he was looking straight ahead. "No, there are reasons ... they have a long Fight ahead of them, you understand? Maybe Berlin or-yes, it must be Berlin, we are right in the Fight path to Berlin here." He spoke with conviction, as though he bore active responsibility for preparing the plans for this night of bombing.
"And how was it for you today, Nico?" Wim usually went on, breaking off then and there all questions of Berlin.
Nico answered in the same good-spirited tone: "Good, Wim, thank you; I am satisfied, the lodgings are good, I practiced my languages for a while, English and French"-or whatever he had done that day.
"How many chess games did you win?"
For he played chess, not especially well but with undiminished zeal.
When Nico had had a good day, he answered this obliquely mischievous question with a similar sort of answer, something like: "None, Wim, not even one. My opponent was too clever for me today ..."
He always played himself. Hour after hour he sat at the little square table in his bedroom, the board with the pieces in front of him. The chair on the other side of the table was empty ... e2-e4, e7-e5, g1-f3, and so on. He often sat for a long time with his head in his hand, deep in thought. About a chess problem? Or about __________?
The next day, he could barely wait for Marie to appear upstairs at Eve in the afternoon with the newspaper.
Hidden behind the curtains he had watched the newspaper delivery woman come quickly across the small front garden. He often left his room just as quickly-in slippers, of course, as they had agreed at the beginning-so that leaning on the banister upstairs, he could hear the newspaper rustle as it was stuffed through the mail slot and then hear it fall onto the stone floor. The seconds that followed next were often the richest in tension and suspense of his whole concealed life. Did they truly understand that, his hosts?
He stood on the last step and waited the short while until Marie appeared from her room, where she would sit, busy with her sewing, at this time of day. She picked up the paper, unfolded the page, read the headlines-lies! nothing but lies! but what could you do, you had to have a newspaper for the groceries-turned it over, read the personal announcements, the deaths, engagements, births-even in wartime people still fell in love and brought children into the world, of course-and then, still reading, walked up the stairs.
"Nico," she called out, in a half-whisper that even an eavesdropper would never have been able to hear; only he could hear it; she knew he was standing and waiting upstairs -"Nico, you were right again, it says ..." She was glad to give him these little pleasures.
But it often happened that she forgot, and Wim was the first to pick up the paper when he came home from the office. Or that she was out shopping in the city when it came.
Then Nico sat on the top step and fought a terrible battle with himself about whether he shouldn't try it and carefully, carefully ... he could take off his slippers too, creep downstairs in his socks; it would make a small bit of a difference, surely ... or down the banister, the way he used to as a boy-he knew exactly on which steps the wood gave and creaked, the third and the fifth from the top, and the first and fourth after the turn in the stairway.
But in the end he didn't dare to do it. Even if he was convinced that no one, no one in the world, could hear him ... It was against their agreement, so he didn't do it. It was almost too much for his strength. No one knew what battles raged inside him.
He quickly called to mind something else then, ordeals, the horrors that had certainly awaited him but which he had escaped-to other, new tortures here. "Ordeals and horrors are waiting everywhere," he muttered to himself. "Everywhere."
After a while he stood up and crept back to his bedroom.-
"Well, well," the doctor said as the strikes of the antiaircraft guns thundered hard nearby, "those are some big ones."
An unending row of night bombers came over the block of houses. It was as though they were flying through every room in the house at once.
He looked back and forth at this wife and husband, felt their suppressed fear of the death that came both quietly and loudly, and looked at the shadow play of the hanging lamp on the yellowish wall of the room.
Then he bent over the bed again and touched the body with his fingers. It was slowly growing cold.
Wim had clasped his hands behind his back, and he stared at the floor. We have to bury him, he thought, of course we do, you have to bury a dead man. But how-?
"A night like this in the bomb shelter, while the house collapses above you ..." The doctor didn't finish his sentence. Dead is dead, you can die anywhere. And live ...?
Marie put her hand tenderly on the curved edge of the high footboard. For her it was like touching the dead man himself. She looked at him. Unshaven and worn out, he lay there with eyes closed. The hair on his head, falling tangled and uncombed onto his bony, low forehead, was black; the whiskers of a beard that had run rampant during his sickness glimmered red. The relaxed, half-open mouth and somewhat hanging chin gave the suffering face a more oval shape. How old he looked! All this together, and her memories of Nico, the man she had kept in hiding in her house, combined into a specific train of thought in Marie's mind. Strange that it had never come to her while he was alive, not like this. She couldn't help thinking of the Bible, even though she was not a church-minded type at all. She thought of the Old Testament, that he was a son of its people. Job could have looked just like that, she thought.
(Continues...)
Excerpted from Comedy in a Minor Keyby HANS KEILSON Copyright © 1947 by Hans Keilson. Excerpted by permission.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Product details
- Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 1st edition (July 20, 2010)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 135 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0374126755
- ISBN-13 : 978-0374126759
- Item Weight : 8 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.27 x 0.68 x 7.8 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,907,299 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #3,538 in Jewish Literature & Fiction
- #109,185 in Literary Fiction (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Damion Searls has translated sixty books from German, French, Norwegian, and Dutch, including eleven by Nobel Prize winner Jon Fosse. He is the author of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry; "The Inkblots": a scientific and cultural history of the Rorschach test and the first biography ever of its creator, Hermann Rorschach; and "The Philosophy of Translation."

Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read book recommendations and more.
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Customers find the book engaging and thought-provoking. They describe it as a powerful, short novel that is easy to read. Readers praise the writing quality as excellent and lyrical. They appreciate the meticulously described characters as charming and wryly human. The book captures small moments and subtle interactions between characters beautifully.
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Customers find the book engaging and moving. They describe it as one of the most interesting tales about World War II, with a striking passage and honesty. The plot is thought-provoking and intimate, with nuanced dilemmas.
"...The cover is outstanding, and evocative of the entire novel...." Read more
"...Nonetheless, "Comedy in a Minor Key" is a graceful little story, chock full of human nature and human suffering, and life as lived by the..." Read more
"Interesting plot and very well written. I felt it was not really a novel but rather a long short story...." Read more
"...I found it to be one of the more moving tales which I have read about World War II...." Read more
Customers find the book's length suitable. They describe it as a powerful, thought-provoking novel about ordinary people in an extraordinary situation. The book is described as an outstanding read and a natural storyteller.
"...This is an exceptional novel that is a true standout in that field.The first paragraph establishes a key aspect of the novel...." Read more
"This was an outstanding read. The author approached the subject from a totally unique, ironic angle...." Read more
"...He's a natural storyteller. Though I don't speak the language in which it was written, the translation offers up a strong sense of authenticity...." Read more
"Comedy in a Minor Key is a truly phenomenal short novel...." Read more
Customers enjoy the writing quality and translation of the book. They find it easy to read and thought-provoking.
"I enjoyed and appreciated the beautifully written--make that perfectly written--slim little novella, Comedy in a Minor Key...." Read more
"Interesting plot and very well written. I felt it was not really a novel but rather a long short story...." Read more
"...I loved the writing and would love to introduce others to this work by Hans Keilson:..." Read more
"...The writing is poetic (even in translation) and captures small moments, subtle interactions between characters, beautifully...." Read more
Customers find the characters well-described and wryly human. They appreciate the author's skill in portraying emotions and the human condition.
"..."Comedy in a Minor Key" is a graceful little story, chock full of human nature and human suffering, and life as lived by the unfortunate people in..." Read more
"...The characters were so meticulously described...." Read more
"...(even in translation) and captures small moments, subtle interactions between characters, beautifully...." Read more
"...This is also a terrific character study of the human condition, tackling risk, fear, the problem of being saved yet imprisoned, the satisfaction of..." Read more
Customers appreciate the realistic touches and portrayal of human nature in this book. They find it captures small moments and subtle interactions between characters.
"...The year is never revealed. It is one of the most realistic touches, since in a real war, particularly of those wars when you are in "for the..." Read more
"...This is such a delicate and poignant tale, with quiet strength and beauty...." Read more
"...The writing is poetic (even in translation) and captures small moments, subtle interactions between characters, beautifully...." Read more
"...I didn't realize this book was just a novella but what an exquisite portrait of human nature doing "the right thing," while living in close..." Read more
Customers find the humor in the book not funny or depressing.
"...But it is a quiet and serious little story, not funny...." Read more
"...There is nothing very funny in this book...." Read more
"This book is not a laugh-out loud comedy...." Read more
"Depressing book..." Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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The first paragraph establishes a key aspect of the novel. The bombers - unspecified - but we know they are British and American - are flying overhead, on their way to Germany. The year is never revealed. It is one of the most realistic touches, since in a real war, particularly of those wars when you are in "for the duration," you never know when it will end. And throughout the novel, the war is in the distant background, like those bombers. The central theme is the relationship of three people, Nico, a Jew in his 40's, and the much younger Dutch couple, Wim and Marie, who were asked to perform their patriotic "duty" and hide him in their house.
Nico, who had been a traveling salesman of perfume ("a woman's calling card") is, of necessity, thrust into a relationship of dependency with a much younger couple. All three must practice varying degrees of deception. Ideally, no one else would know that Nico is there, for the normal "security" reasons, but that simply is not realistic. Keilson deftly demonstrates how the circle of the "informed" must slowly grow. Nico is always required to stay away from the window, and is usually confined to his room, but is "allowed" out for brief walks on moonless nights. Like most of us who have not been spies, or others who routinely deceive in their work lives, the three are amateurs in this game, and Keilson deftly explores this theme, including how they might be willing to deceive each other.
Early on in the novel, the reader learns that Nico dies. Yet another dilemma. How to dispose of the body, and what "rituals" might be observed, or not. Tellingly, as the author states, so few adults have actually seen a dead body, and certainly have not been confronted with how to move it. It is a short novel which can be read in a few hours, yet Keilson also managed the theme of a change in the dependency relationship: the providers of sanctuary were in turn required to seek it.
Regrettably this is the first Dutch author I have read. The work reminded me of the incisive novels of the German author, Bernard Schlink, who also has explored subtle themes of life under Nazi rule. As for Keilson's novel, 5-stars, plus.
Nonetheless, "Comedy in a Minor Key" is a graceful little story, chock full of human nature and human suffering, and life as lived by the unfortunate people in the book, who are struggling to survive during wartime.
This is such a delicate and poignant tale, with quiet strength and beauty. I found it to be one of the more moving tales which I have read about World War II. With the strength of this two ordinary people trying to do the right thing and the ultimate tragedy of Nico's death balancing to create a story of those forgotten during this war.
I loved the writing and would love to introduce others to this work by Hans Keilson:
At first it seemed to her that she, tears in her eyes and alone in his room, had discovered it, as though the fog had suddenly lifted and the other riverbank had come closer, right up next to her so that she could see it precisely and know everything about it: its slope, its bushes and shrubs and hollows. Yet the more she looked, the more it rose like mist from the water, enveloping everything. Marie was frightened when she realized that a secret you discover by chance only conceals another still greater secret behind it, which can never be discovered. An that bit of knowledge, every revelation, is only like egg whites whisked until they're sweet and mixed into the dough to break it up and release its flavor"
I so loved this book that I want to read more of Hans Keilson. Keilson, himself had to go into hiding as he was Jewish. Later he would become part of the Dutch resistance movement. Knowing this makes this book so much more real and moving to me.
I heartily recommend this book to fans of World War II books.
Good discussion for book clubs.
Top reviews from other countries
5.0 out of 5 stars Tragic "Comedy"
I had done previous reading on the holocaust/Nazi Germany for a moral philosophy course paper: this novel, by Hans Keilson, who lived in Berlin during WWII, and experienced the terror, the mind-control, and the efficiency of the police state, opened my eyes to one aspect I had not previously dealt with adequately: how, when the punishment is certain death (by beheading!) does an average person avoid being a cog in the machine, and how does a person make a moral stand that is more than a gesture? The novel seems desperate to find an answer, but....
An amazing little novel.
Comedy In A Minor Key


