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Covid-19, Gangs, and Conflict: A Small Wars Journal El Centro Reader Paperback – August 28, 2020

4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 12 ratings

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The Coronavirus pandemic is fueling conflict and fostering extremism while concurrently empowering gangs, cartels, and mafias in their quest for power and profit. In COVID-19, Gangs, and Conflict, Editors John P. Sullivan and Robert J. Bunker bring together a curated collection of both new and previously published material to explore the trends and potentials of the global pandemic emergency. Topics include an exploration of proto-statemaking by criminal groups, the interaction of pandemics and conflict, as well as a comparison of gangs, criminal cartels, and mafias exploiting the crisis and exerting criminal governance in Brazil, El Salvador, Mexico, Colombia, and South Africa. Implications for national security, biosecurity, slums, transnational organized crime, and threats and opportunities in the contested pandemic space are assessed. SWJ
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Editorial Reviews

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The El Centro Reader is a quick read. With its highly empirical, overarching essays, it offers theoretical frameworks, which are useful for both researchers and readers who appreciate understandable, yet scholarly, concepts and rigorously grounded case studies vetted across multiple reputable sources. ...More importantly, this compendium supplies a touchstone that can be referred to when similar events happen in the future. -- Nathan P. Jones, Journal of Criminoiogy, November 2022

About the Author

Dr. John P. Sullivan served as a Lieutenant with the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department and is a Senior Fellow with Small Wars Journal - El Centro. Dr. Robert J. Bunker is Director of Research and Analysis, C/O Futures, LLC, and is a a Senior Fellow with Small Wars Journal - El Centro.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Xlibris Corp (August 28, 2020)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 200 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1664124349
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1664124349
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.11 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 8.5 x 0.52 x 8.5 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 12 ratings

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Customer reviews

4.7 out of 5 stars
12 global ratings
Thorough review and much needed dialogue of COVID-19 impact on organized crime dynamics!
5 out of 5 stars
Thorough review and much needed dialogue of COVID-19 impact on organized crime dynamics!
Ever since news of the pandemic broke many of us focused on organized crime have been eager to see how things would be affected. With this work, Sullivan and Bunker have done a huge service by providing an extensive look at what has and hasn't changed since the start of the novel corona virus.Starting with the Strategic Notes from the last couple of months, you're brought up to speed on actual reactions from organized crime groups throughout Latin America and abroad. What I enjoy about these segments is the current events paired with past(and new) research. They make sure to provide plenty of footnotes making it easy to find additional literature for study. I always find myself after reading these sections with a dozen web browser tabs open from everything that sparked my curiosity. The analysis they provide alongside does a great job of putting events into context and gets you thinking about the bigger picture.The second part of the book provides a collection of essays from scholars on topics related to the pandemic. My favorites were "The Coronavirus is a Call to Build Resilience in Fragile States" and "Cyber-States and US National Security: Learning from Covid-19." They did a good job of detailing the history of relations between criminal groups and states, and how that has been impacted by the pandemic. I also appreciated the fact that they included something cyber security related as well because it's becoming more and more important these days.I applaud the effort Sullivan and Bunker put into this work and it certainly shows! Overall it provides a comprehensive picture of how things have changed since the pandemic started and what we can expect in the years to come. I found it easy to digest and to the point, with many footnotes included for further study. I've appreciated these books because they bring everything into a central place. Making for a great future reference to come back to when new things arise and as we observe how things continue to change.
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on December 18, 2020
Anyone not living under a rock will recognize that are living through extraordinary times. Criminals and terrorists are cognizant of the changes undergoing the prevailing order and are set to avail themselves of opportunity. Those charged with keeping and maintaining security are challenged by extremely diverse responsibilities with -- in many cases -- reduced budgets. Covid-19, Gangs, and Conflict: A Small Wars Journal—El Centro Reader should be critical reading to all who think broadly about law enforcement, whether at the national, state or international level. Undoubtedly, the essays in reader will help experts overcome their own biases and become more aware of the changes that are needed to prevail.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 17, 2020
Imagine you are a national leader fighting a nation-devastating pandemic. Or attempting to recover from a crippling naturel disaster. Casualties mount exponentially, resources dwindle even faster. Law and order begin to fracture, and even desperate means to save the day, fail. Now, imagine that the leader of a major international drug smuggling organization, e.g., el Chapo, approaches you with an offer: one billion dollars in materiel and humanitarian assistance, no strings attached, transferred to the governmental account immediately as the means of providing assistance to the country and its people. A truly noble gesture “at the time when we all must stand together or perish.” Will Vespasian’s “Money does not stink” principle win, or will moral and ethical scruples prevail, and you will refuse the funds and watch your citizens die? “Will NEVER happen”, you say. WRONG! It does not happen at such a scale but, nonetheless, it happens all the time.
The book of Sullivan and Bunker brings the subject of social banditry forcibly and painfully to the fore, and convincingly demonstrates that the horrifying precedent has been already firmly established. Combining a broad survey of primary data with scientific analyses by several highly regarded scientists, the editors offer an unvarnished and alarming picture of the “backstage creep” of social banditry in Central and South America, Africa and Asia that threatens to destabilize governments already facing social turmoil, to alter their fledgling political structures, and to pervert weak democracies by surreptitiously corrupting their workings. Moreover, the book clearly shows that the corroding impact of Robin Hoodism increases in strength: gangs demonstrate a vastly greater astuteness and flexibility in utilizing crises as the means of strengthening their position and authority than governments who at times seem to accept insertion of the gang-mediated social activism as a blessing in disguise.

The book points at another equally alarming fact. During the past quarter century of work with issues focused on major disasters, bioterrorism, etc., my colleagues and I often discussed issues of the likely collision between the disaster-responding forces of the government and the “Robin Hoods” of the underworld. We even created a virtual reality "war game” where, depending on circumstances, social banditry emerged and had to be dealt with. Once the latter element entered the play in its characteristic, sudden and unexpected fashion and "Robin Hood" influences took hold, the outcomes were always inconclusive and frequently quite alarming. It is when viewed in this context that the book of Sullivan and Bunker has its most powerful impact: it shows that despite clear awareness of the growing significance of the problem, despite discussions over the past quarter of the century and more, we still do not quite know what to do about social banditry, and most of our approaches (like much in the realm of disaster preparedness) are based on statements rooted in “should, would, will, intend” rather than a clearly defined, mature international (because it must be international) strategy based on a truly transboundary effort needed to combat the already emerged and now rapidly burgeoning threat. It is the book that every professional working with problems of law enforcement, national security, disaster and humanitarian relief, and social recovery activities ought to read. In other words, it is the book that will help you to answer two seemingly simple questions: ‘Are you ready to accept a new NGO – the “International Brotherhood of Robbin(hoods)” or are other solutions desperately needed?’ and “Are you ready to start developing answers to the hitherto unanswerable/uncomfortable questions?”
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Reviewed in the United States on January 11, 2021
The Oxford English Dictionary usually names a single work that defines a year, but such has been the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic that 2020 cannot be neatly accommodated in one word – it has multiple identified “words of an unprecedented year”. Those words now include unmute, WFH, lockdown, superspreader, Zoombombing, mask-shaming, on the frontline, heroes, remotely, social distancing, physically distancing, support bubbles, furlough, essential keyworkers.
What was genuinely unprecedented in 2020 was the hyper-speed with which our many worlds cultures collective vocabularies related to the coronavirus, and how quickly they became a core part of a new language. While most of us drank the emotional ills of making these words daily realities, the editors of “COVID-19, Gangs, and Conflict” were able to monitor and analyze seismic shifts from words into new dark realities. A collection of well-crafted articles of fundamental humanistic enterprising problems developing from a dark triad of social maladies. This book addresses a precipitous frequency rising beyond these new coinages to a decade that could be even worse than a virus running loose. This has got to be the first book out – in managing the complexity of new world criminal elements under the cloak of COVID-19. The worst atrocities come from fear, not our hate, because people see only the handouts, thinking all is good. The enemy thus is invisible while encroaching on your village, and home.
Before COVID-19, humanity was headed toward two doors. Behind one door stood the opportunity to create some amazing new world technology, better health, economic growth, safer living conditions. Behind the other door now stands the threat of growing inequality, eroding privacy, authoritarianism, powerful transnational gang relations, conflict, IOU’s paid in blood, an all-new gang dystopia. True the pandemic has become a process of change for everyone, but now with chaos observed, raising questions why gangs, the mafia, and cartels having a sudden unprecedented truce to help neighbors in need. Neither of these sounds bad on its own. Don’t we want everyone cared for, and peace amongst gangs? This book briefly, but deeply examines the beast that is an asymmetric war – behind this “truce”. In specific, the techniques able to persuade a person, a village to support the evil, the distortions that motivate people to solder false flags of hope, and misrepresentation of right and wrong so to bring about greater conflict unimaginable.
“COVID-19, Gangs, and Conflict” is a must-read for anyone wondering why the world sounds quiet from general criminal activity, why people are distracted from the rise and fall of fragile societies, only soon to face emerging conflict potentials. Once the pandemic is over, and the multi lockdown measures have been removed, mafia, and cartels will return all the stronger from communities they are now nourishing and exploiting. We are almost guaranteed, the five hellish years, if not a decade or more to face. This book is a window watching such groups, that are manifesting new types of political engagement, infiltration of municipal administrations, and legitimate enterprises of violent power brokers aspiring to govern territories and markets. A crucial book in uncertain times.