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The Creation of Doctor B: A Biography of Bruno Bettelheim Paperback – April 6, 1998
- Print length480 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherTouchstone
- Publication dateApril 6, 1998
- Dimensions5.5 x 1.2 x 8.44 inches
- ISBN-100684846403
- ISBN-13978-0684846408
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Product details
- Publisher : Touchstone; First Paper ed edition (April 6, 1998)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 480 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0684846403
- ISBN-13 : 978-0684846408
- Item Weight : 1.39 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 1.2 x 8.44 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #3,510,537 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,367 in Psychologist Biographies
- #18,247 in Medical General Psychology
- #25,539 in United States Biographies
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Richard Pollak's most recent book is After the Barn: A Brother's Memoir. His previous books include The Creation of Dr. B: A Biography of Bruno Bettelheim; The Colombo Bay, an account of his five-week voyage on a container ship after the 9/11 terror attacks; Up Against Apartheid: The Role and the Plight of the Press in South Africa, and The Episode, a novel that deals with epilepsy. From 1979 to 2014, he served as executive editor, literary editor and contributing editor of The Nation magazine. He has written for that weekly, and for Harper's, The Atlantic, The New York Times Book Review and other major magazines, and he co-founded and edited [More] magazine, the monthly journalism review that published in the 1970s. He was an associate editor at Newsweek, a political reporter at The Evening Sun in Baltimore, and a Poynter Fellow at Yale University, where he created and taught a course in "The Politics of Journalism," which he also taught for several years at New York University. He lives in Portland, Maine, with his wife, the pianist Diane Walsh.

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I read Bruno Bettelheim books when he was the guru of child psychiatry in the 50's and 60's and thought they were excellent. Now this book exposes the truth about him. It is quite interesting and anyone who still believes in his methods should really read it.
Jane Gaschke
Bruno was cursed with ugly features and bad luck with the ladies but he did manage to get a lady marry him. They lived together while he worked and they lived well until he became obsessed with further studies. He wanted the academic life and the prestige that diplomas brought to his friends. Then came political turmoil and finally nazi takeover. Bruno was ultimately arrested and spent time in Dachau. He was able to buy his way out.
Then came life in USA. At the time Bruno arrived, difficult children often mentally ill or autistic, were put in homes when parents could not handle them. Due to Bruno's own upbringing and difficulties with women he readily blamed the mothers for producing these autistics. He called them "refrigerator mothers" and his ideas were widely accepted. His published books sold very well and the Merican public believed he was a qualified psychologist and psychoanalyst, a true Freudian.
The book was written by Richard Pollak, whose own brother had been put in the Chicago home run by Buttelheim. Pollak was so shocked at the dismissal of his brothers accidental death, saying that autistic children tend to commit suicide away from organized care, that he went on a one-man mission to expose the cruelty and fraud of this Viennese schemer. It reads like a story of Elmer Gantry fooling all of the people all of the time. The book caught my eye since I could rember his name from my abnormal psych class in1978 in San Francisco. To think that so many of these immigrants had so many American experts and hapless parents fooled!
You have to admire the chutzpah of these academic con men who liked to blame mothers on general and Jewish ones in particular. He even coulda me himself an expert on mass delusion ideas based on his time on Dachau concentration camp. Bravo or Holy horror batman! The people duped yet again by a strong foreign German accent and big long words!
I already knew Bettelheim's theory about refrigerator mothers was hooey when my oldest was diagnosed with autism during the mid-90s, well after Kanner and Rimland had busted Bettelheim's myths. I had heard of autism years before thanks to my mother's nursing background and experience, as well as a family friend who had a son on the spectrum. The impression I came away with was that autism was not a condition to be feared, it just was what it was, and certainly nobody was blamed for causing it.
So when my oldest got the diagnosis, I felt no false guilt or shame. I simply thought, okay, what's next, what do we do to help?
I was fortunate I came from a generation that didn't have to live with mothers being blamed and having their children taken away from them to place in an institution "for the child's good." That was the world Bruno Bettelheim created for countless parents, and he did so based on lies about his past, his credentials, and his curriculum vitae. The result was children who got institutionalized without cause and families ripped apart. Bettelheim was truly a destructive man in every sense of the word.
Bettelheim never had a psychology degree, it was in philosophy, specifically aesthetics. He wrote academic papers about artwork, not the human mind. His work required him to study psychology *a little bit*, but again, that was not his major. It made as much sense for him to consider himself an expert in psychology as it would for an engineering major with a minor in business law to hang out a shingle with the claim they can help someone facing a libel suit.
Bettelheim essentially built an empire for himself based on lies. He charmed the right people into giving him what he wanted - power and control through being a professor at the University of Chicago and eventually becoming the director of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School. Many of his former patients have come forward since his death to give testimony that he abused them severely.
A good percentage of his patients have also stated in the years since they were under his "care" that his imposing a diagnosis of autism on them was, in fact, inaccurate, and they were never autistic. It almost seems if someone sneezed the wrong way by Bettelheim's standards, they had autism. One could infer based on his misdiagnosing so many that it reflected not only how little he really knew about autism, but fabricated what he did say he knew. That he reacted almost violently to Rimland and Kanner's research dispelling his claims about autism not being organic/biological in nature and blasting the refrigerator mother theory out of the water also lends to his lack of credibility.
I am no psychologist, not even close to being an expert. But from my own rudimentary poking around, my guess is if Bettelheim came upon the psychology scene these days, he'd be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder and laughed out the door with a permanent Kick Me sign on his back, never to be seen again.
It's a shame he took advantage of the fact that people were more trusting of someone's word as sole source of credibility 50 years ago. It meant he was given a level of authority he didn't deserve or earn, used it to abuse and intimidate innocent children, and set back what we know about autism by decades because he imposed so much authority, that up until the 1970s-1980s, nobody bothered or dared to question him, or if they did, they were quickly discredited and silenced.
Sadly, certain experts and cultures still try to purport the refrigerator mother theory. Various countries in Europe and Asia maintain that autism is the parents' fault. Child abuse expert Alice Miller publicly maintained up to her death that, in her opinion, autism is a result of poor parenting. All of this flies in the face of scientific research that continues to come out stating autism is a combination of factors that are biological and/or genetic in nature, not psychological.
This points to just how damaging Bruno Bettelheim's work has been to autism research and to those in the autism community. Many of us not only have autism, but have children on the spectrum. We can attest neither we nor our children are the result of bad parenting. Even when some of us truly do/did have bad parents, we still don't blame them for having autism, which is for all intents and purposes different brain wiring. No more, no less. To imply that parenting is at fault for who we are is nonsensical.
For that reason I think it's still very relevant to still recommend Pollak's biography in this day and age. The autism community needs to continue ensuring Bettelheim's name is only associated with that of a fool any time someone tries to state otherwise. Those who still believe the refrigerator mother theory may be more and more in the minority, but it's surprising to me in the 21st century that anyone believes it at all or thinks Bettelheim was a credentialed or believable expert in the field.
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However, I found it quite incomplete. When the subject of a biography is a scientist, or pretends to be one, the most important aspects of his/her life are his ideas, as expressed in the books and articles he/she published, and the scientific evaluation by his/her peers. On these points Pollak's book falls short of its objective: it tells you very little about Bettelheim theories, why these were substantially refused by both the psychoanalytic movement and scientific psychiatry, and why these in the end resulted wrong. The book falls also short to describe the medical controversies in which Bettelheim was involved (especially with many parents he wrongly accused to be responsible for their children mental diseases): Pollak devotes much more pages to describe the controversies in which Bettelheim became involved in relation to his views on the Jewish Holocaust.
In summary: the biography is excellent, read this book if you are interested in knowing the man Bruno Bettelheim; look elsewhere if you are interested in a critical analysis of Bettelheim's (wrong) theories and hypotheses on autism.
Je m'en suis servi et je n'ai eu aucun problème avec.
Bettelheim à fait tellement de mal aux autistes.
Merci pour ce livre ! Merci de montrer au monde le visage des psychanalystes.
