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The Cultural Revolution: A People's History, 1962—1976 Kindle Edition
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After the economic disaster of the Great Leap Forward that claimed tens of millions of lives from 1958–1962, an aging Mao Zedong launched an ambitious scheme to shore up his reputation and eliminate those he viewed as a threat to his legacy. The stated goal of the Cultural Revolution was to purge the country of bourgeois, capitalistic elements he claimed were threatening genuine communist ideology. Young students formed the Red Guards, vowing to defend the Chairman to the death, but soon rival factions started fighting each other in the streets with semiautomatic weapons in the name of revolutionary purity. As the country descended into chaos, the military intervened, turning China into a garrison state marked by bloody purges that crushed as many as one in fifty people.
The Cultural Revolution: A People's History, 1962–1976 draws for the first time on hundreds of previously classified party documents, from secret police reports to unexpurgated versions of leadership speeches. Frank Dikötter uses this wealth of material to undermine the picture of complete conformity that is often supposed to have characterized the last years of the Mao era. After the army itself fell victim to the Cultural Revolution, ordinary people used the political chaos to resurrect the market and hollow out the party's ideology. In short, they buried Maoism. By showing how economic reform from below was an unintended consequence of a decade of violent purges and entrenched fear, The Cultural Revolution casts China's most tumultuous era in a wholly new light.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBloomsbury Press
- Publication dateMay 3, 2016
- File size5266 KB
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Editorial Reviews
Review
“A fine, sharp study of this tumultuous, elusive era . . . [An] excellent follow-up to his groundbreaking previous work . . . Dikötter tells a harrowing tale of unbelievable suffering. A potent combination of precise history and moving examples.” – starred review, Kirkus Reviews
“If [The Cultural Revolution] were widely circulated in China, it could undermine the legitimacy of the current regime . . . This book is a significant event in our understanding of modern China.” - New York Times Book Review
“Richly documented . . . Dikötter paints a chilling picture.” - Publishers Weekly
“For those who have swallowed the poisonous claim that the Communist Party deserves some credit for China’s current patchy prosperity, Mr. Dikötter provides the antidote.” - Wall Street Journal
“Dikötter's well-researched and readable new book on the Cultural Revolution's causes and consequences is a crucial reminder of the tragedies, miscalculations and human costs of Mao's last experiment.” - The Guardian
“A fascinating account of how people twisted or resisted the aims of Mao’s movement ****” - Daily Telegraph
“The murderous frenzy of the times, which tore apart friends and families, not to speak of the Communist party itself, is powerfully conveyed.” - Book of the Week, The Times
“Definitive and harrowing.” - Book of the Week, Daily Mail
“The final book of his magnificent historical trilogy . . . [Dikötter] has mastered the details so well that with the most sparing use of description he weaves a vivid tapestry of China at the time . . . This brilliant book leaves no doubt that Mao almost ruined China and left a legacy of paranoia that still grips its modern dictatorship under the latest autocrat, Xi Jinping.” - Sunday Times
“Like Dikötter’s two previous books . . . The Cultural Revolution exposes, in measured prose and well-documented analysis, the impact of communist rule in a period of extraordinary stress . . . Together, these three books, which Dikötter calls the ‘People’s Trilogy’, constitute a major contribution to scholarship on modern China, one that is unequalled, certainly in the English language.” - Literary Review
“Gripping, horrific . . . A significant event in our understanding of modern China.” - International New York Times
“Fluent, compelling and based on a wide range of evidence.” - Financial Times
About the Author
Frank Dikötter is Chair Professor of Humanities at the University of Hong Kong. Before moving to Asia in 2006, he was Professor of the Modern History of China at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He has published nine books about the history of China, including Mao's Great Famine, which won the BBC Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-fiction in 2011.
http://www.frankdikotter.com/
Product details
- ASIN : B01DNDPPH8
- Publisher : Bloomsbury Press; 1st edition (May 3, 2016)
- Publication date : May 3, 2016
- Language : English
- File size : 5266 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 433 pages
- Page numbers source ISBN : 1632864215
- Best Sellers Rank: #404,775 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #181 in Communism & Socialism (Kindle Store)
- #212 in History of China
- #503 in 20th Century World History
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Frank Dikotter is the author of a dozen books that have changed the way we look at the history of modern China, including Mao's Great Famine, winner of the BBC Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-Fiction in 2011. His work has been translated into twenty languages, including The Tragedy of Liberation: A History of the Chinese Revolution 1945-1957, which was short-listed for the Orwell Prize in 2014, and The Cultural Revolution: A People's History, 1962-1976, the final volume in his trilogy on the Mao era. He is Chair Professor at the University of Hong Kong and Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. More information can be found on his website at www.frankdikotter.com
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Cultural revolution was one of the most bizarre, absurd, cruel and plane crazy historical events ever.
The Cultural Revolution marked Mao's return to the central position of power in China after a period of less radical leadership to recover from the failures of the Great Leap Forward, which caused the Great Chinese Famine only five years prior. Mao soon called on young people to "bombard the headquarters", and proclaimed that "to rebel is justified". And they just followed.
What is astounding - how a reigning leader could manipulate the masses to seemingly turn against the government that he represented. And use the masses to eliminate his rivals. So much chaos! To accomplish what Stalin would simply achieve by arresting his rivals and have them shot. But Stalin is long condemned and forgotten, but Mao's persona, 45 years after his death is still cherished as founder of modern China. Politically, Mao is still alive. And reading this book, makes one wonder how is it possible?
In fact, Mao is the only one of tyrants and mass murderers of the 20th century who got away with it. Mao still is considered the father of the nation status and he has never been condemned by China, the way Stalin was at 20th congress by Khrushchev. The cultural revolution is one of the most bizarre and the darkest pages in human history - since it was done through most evil manipulation of putting people against people, groups against groups, not a simple dictatorship enhanced with the power of army and police. Cultural revolution reached to the lowest instincts of ordinary people and while the madman was watching, they created chaos and destruction by themselves, not like evil, and at the same ordinary, Germans who "followed the orders". Here there were no orders. But rather, permission. Permission to implement evil, to break the law. Permission to destroy property, beat, rob, and kill. Yes, Nazi Germany was indoctrinated by Hitler and of course Nazi Germans committed most heinous crimes ever. But what Mao did during the cultural revolution in some way is even more dangerous and cruel. Student masses were not just simply cheering for the dictator, they would violate all the laws, create havoc at unprecedented scale, just encouraged, not ordered, by Mao, while Mao was in the same time at a safe distance. He delegated his evil and guilt, distributed it to ordinary people. Later he just changed his mind and sided with another group and another.
The absurdity of little red book printed in billions of copies and cult of personality which seemed to be genuine, unlike the cult of Stalin that came out of fear, and fear-controlled masses in Soviet Union. Mao was living as a saint among Chinese, who cherished everything connected to him with religious fervor. The part of the book about hundreds of thousands of Mao's statues of different sizes (some enormous) deployed everywhere is the most chilling. Zest with which he was followed, without even saying much - a cult leader in the nation of billion people.
China has never re-examined Mao's failures and errors and did not learn from them. In fact criticizing Mao, will get one in trouble in China right now. Cultural revolution is like this elephant in the room that no one can and really want to talk about. Germans did examine their history and learned lessons from it. To a certain degree Russians did too (ironically, Putin's Russia is the most liberal Russia ever, even if still it is oppressive and authoritarian).
Not China. China does not have any need to examine its chilling past.
Dark past, that no one can talk about, can re-occur in different form again. If Mao could get away with it, so can Xi Jinping. History not examined does repeat itself.
Learning how China was complacent to Mao, how willing to participate in his sheer madness, and how it is now willing to simply ignore the past, one must worry about the future. Some say that now Xi Jinping has amassed power and cult of a personality only second to Mao. China is a formidable economic power and military power as well, with its Orwellian surveillance and use of internet to spy and monitor its citizens, what is in the future for China, as authoritarian superpower? What is the future of the world with China suffering from Historical Amnesia?
The Cultural Revolution lasted from 1966 to Mao's death in 1976. In the wake of the disastrous Great Leap Forward (which according to Dikötter's research killed 45 million Chinese), Mao's power and stature in the Communist Party were seriously weakened. The "Great Helmsman" decided to launch another great Communist project, this time to eradicate everything from China's past and build a new, egalitarian, Communist society from scratch. The goal was to destroy the "Four Olds": Old Ideas, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Customs.
To do this, Mao enlisted millions of university and high school students to "sweep away all monsters and demons!" as it was worded in the People's Daily. Armed with the Little Red Book (the collection of Mao's aphorisms) and full of self-righteous hatred, they banded together into street militia groups called "Red Guards." All over China, but especially in the big cities, the Red Guards went house to house smashing and burning everything -- artwork, books, interior decor, clothing, anything that smacked of the old bourgeois world from before the Revolution. Millions of older people were denounced, humiliated in public, severely beaten and often executed for taking the "capitalist road" or other such made-up accusations. Many of these victims were fervent Communists who found themselves purged for no reason at all.
A common theme throughout the Cultural Revolution was Mao's deliberate instigation of inter-party warfare. Mao went from siding with Communist Party cadres to siding with the Red Guards and then back again. Early on he issued a famous order to the Red Guards to "bombard the headquarters" and attack and kill higher-ups in the Communist Party. Many of these Communists, such as Liu Shaoqi, had fought with Mao for decades their fidelity to him was unquestionable. Yet they were beaten, humiliated, and killed nevertheless. Lin Biao, who wrote the forward to Mao's Little Red Book and played a decisive role in the victory of the Communist forces in the Chinese Civil War, was purged in a power struggle. Overnight, the man who was celebrated as the #2 most powerful man in China was denounced as a "capitalist roader" and killed in a mysterious plane crash. The Chairman's contradictory and capricious swings turned the whole country into a war of all against all.
China was blanketed in propaganda and slogans. Every city had loudspeakers that blasted Revolutionary songs and slogans from the Little Red Book at all hours of the day. Buildings were plastered with the slogan du jour. Billions of portraits of Mao were distributed worn by anyone who didn't want to get shot or beat to death on the streets. The political climate was so dangerous that most Chinese became adept at hiding their true feelings about the Chairman and the Revolution. Nearly all went through the motions of Mao worship while inwardly resenting the Chairman and the suffering he inflicted on China. Everyone in China had suffered terribly during the Great Leap Forward, and many used the Cultural Revolution to settle personal scores.
Dikötter spent years doing research in Chinese provincial archives and interviewing eyewitnesses. His research is excellent and his narrative flows well, although it is easy for a non-specialist like me to get lost with all the Chinese names, which are difficult to keep track of.
As another reviewer pointed out, Dikötter does an excellent job of telling the "what." He doesn't say anything about the "why," that is, the role of Communist ideology in the events. Dikötter tells us how Mao's Little Red Book was omnipresent during the Cultural Revolution, but he never describes the ideology inside. Maoism, like Marxism-Leninism, is an ideology akin to a secular religion, and no one can understand Communism without understanding its ideological underpinnings. It would have been excellent to weave in more information about Mao's ideological motivations.
Top reviews from other countries
This book brings new facts to the surface and is the start to rewrite the history of this period.





