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Darwin Comes to Town: How the Urban Jungle Drives Evolution Kindle Edition
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*Carrion crows in the Japanese city of Sendai have learned to use passing traffic to crack nuts.
*Lizards in Puerto Rico are evolving feet that better grip surfaces like concrete.
*Europe’s urban blackbirds sing at a higher pitch than their rural cousins, to be heardover the din of traffic.
How is this happening?
Menno Schilthuizen is one of a growing number of “urban ecologists” studying how our manmade environments are accelerating and changing the evolution of the animals and plants around us. In Darwin Comes to Town, he takes us around the world for an up-close look at just how stunningly flexible and swift-moving natural selection can be.
With human populations growing, we’re having an increasing impact on global ecosystems, and nowhere do these impacts overlap as much as they do in cities. The urban environment is about as extreme as it gets, and the wild animals and plants that live side-by-side with us need to adapt to a whole suite of challenging conditions: they must manage in the city’s hotter climate (the “urban heat island”); they need to be able to live either in the semidesert of the tall, rocky, and cavernous structures we call buildings or in the pocket-like oases of city parks (which pose their own dangers, including smog and free-rangingdogs and cats); traffic causes continuous noise, a mist of fine dust particles, and barriers to movement for any animal that cannot fly or burrow; food sources are mainly human-derived. And yet, as Schilthuizen shows, the wildlife sharing these spaces with us is not just surviving, but evolving ways of thriving.
Darwin Comes toTown draws on eye-popping examples of adaptation to share a stunning vision of urban evolution in which humans and wildlife co-exist in a unique harmony. It reveals that evolution can happen far more rapidly than Darwin dreamed, while providing a glimmer of hope that our race toward over population might not take the rest of nature down with us.
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPicador
- Publication dateApril 3, 2018
- File size12704 KB
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Editorial Reviews
About the Author
Review
“Natural selection is occurring all around us, and, as Darwin Comes to Town explains, increasingly because of us. Menno Schilthuizen introduces us to such rapidly-evolving creatures as urban lizards and city-dwelling mice. The result is a lively and fascinating book.”
―Elizabeth Kolbert, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Sixth Extinction
“Not only is evolution a real thing (something that, pathetically, one still needs to point out), and not only is it an ongoing process (rather than a phenomenon of the distant past), but some of the fastest, most interesting evolving occurs right under our noses, in our cities. In Darwin Comes to Town, Menno Schilthuizen explores the ways in which animals and plants have rapidly evolved to adapt to the opportunities and exigencies of urban niches. This is a fun, witty, thoroughly informative read.”
―Robert M. Sapolsky, New York Times bestselling author of Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst
“In a conversational style as appealing as it is informative, Schilthuizen...explores myriad ways in which plants and animals have adapted to modern urban environments....Schilthuizen is careful throughout to distinguish between true evolutionary changes and learned behaviors passed between individuals. He also does a superb job of introducing important ecological principles along the way, leaving readers with a fascinating question: ‘Can we harness the power of urban evolution to use it to make more livable cities for the future?’”
―-Publishers Weekly *STARRED REVIEW*
“In this delightful account...readers who assume that pigeons, cockroaches, and rats are the only representatives of city biology will learn that it is far more complex.... An expert romp through urban natural history.”
―Kirkus Reviews *STARRED REVIEW*
“Darwin Comes to Town is a brilliant reproach to all the biologists who believe that their true calling is to study the ‘vanishing quantity of unspoilt nature’ ― the dwindling areas of forest and wilderness little touched by human activity ― and who neglect the more exciting evolutionary change taking place in the towns and cities where most of them live.”
―Clive Cookson, Financial Times
“Schilthuizen is taking on three centuries of literature and polemic that defends the virtues of rural nature against the vices of city life.... This is a spellbinding and important book.... The message is thrilling.”
―Bryan Appleyard, The Sunday Times (UK)
“An entertaining look at how wildlife is rapidly adapting to urban habitats, offering fascinating examples from across the globe.”
―Frannie Jackson, Paste Magazine “The 25 Most Anticipated Books of 2018”
“Replete with fascinating facts and written in delightfully lively prose, Schilthuizen’s work will
appeal to nature lovers and popular-science fans.”
―Carl Hays, Booklist
“While most of us are painfully aware of the negative effects that the heavy foot of progress has had on the natural world, especially in the part we call the built environment, nature refuses to go away. In fact, human activity has created a plethora of new opportunities for wildlife to survive and thrive in our presence. Darwin Comes to Town contains a wonderfully written, highly accessible collection of extraordinary examples, illustrating the breadth and depth of the concept of the ‘plasticity of adaptation’ that wildlife has demonstrated time and again, as we continue to reshape the natural world to our own requirements. It’s a great read and a real eye-opener for those who still wonder how white-tailed deer, raccoons, opossum, and a wealth of other ‘wild’ species of birds, mammals, and reptiles can carve out niches for themselves among the traffic jams and tall buildings of the modern metropolis and its suburbs.”
―Dr. Dickson Despommier, author of The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century
“Darwin Comes to Town casts a radical new light on the way we should think about evolution: that it is not always a slow, lumbering process measured in millions of years, but, in fact, something that can take place at relative light speed under certain circumstances. Say, when it must adapt to the ecological pressures put on its habitat (a planet) dominated by human action, and, specifically, the frenzy of the urban landscape. Menno Schilthuizen makes an extraordinarily convincing and elegant argument that, inside the restless laboratory of the modern city, nature has already begun to adapt and engineer its own urban ecosystems. But, significantly, that it is up to us to embrace, harness, and enable these natural forces for the future.”
―Jay Kirk, author of Kingdom Under Glass
“Think our slick, hard-edged cities defy nature? In Darwin Comes to Town, the metropolis is just one more wilderness, where undeterred evolution fits ever-new forms to the cityscape, from toes to microbiomes to elaborate and beguiling new behaviors. The savage force and delicate subtlety of adaptation are engagingly unveiled in Menno Schilthuizen’s potent stories of evolution in the Anthropocene.”
―Dr. Richard Granger, Director of the Brain Engineering Lab at Dartmouth College
Review
“Natural selection is occurring all around us, and, as Darwin Comes to Town explains, increasingly because of us. Menno Schilthuizen introduces us to such rapidly-evolving creatures as urban lizards and city-dwelling mice. The result is a lively and fascinating book.”
―Elizabeth Kolbert, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Sixth Extinction
“Not only is evolution a real thing (something that, pathetically, one still needs to point out), and not only is it an ongoing process (rather than a phenomenon of the distant past), but some of the fastest, most interesting evolving occurs right under our noses, in our cities. In Darwin Comes to Town, Menno Schilthuizen explores the ways in which animals and plants have rapidly evolved to adapt to the opportunities and exigencies of urban niches. This is a fun, witty, thoroughly informative read.”
―Robert M. Sapolsky, New York Times bestselling author of Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst
“In a conversational style as appealing as it is informative, Schilthuizen...explores myriad ways in which plants and animals have adapted to modern urban environments....Schilthuizen is careful throughout to distinguish between true evolutionary changes and learned behaviors passed between individuals. He also does a superb job of introducing important ecological principles along the way, leaving readers with a fascinating question: ‘Can we harness the power of urban evolution to use it to make more livable cities for the future?’”
―-Publishers Weekly *STARRED REVIEW*
“In this delightful account...readers who assume that pigeons, cockroaches, and rats are the only representatives of city biology will learn that it is far more complex.... An expert romp through urban natural history.”
―Kirkus Reviews *STARRED REVIEW*
“Darwin Comes to Town is a brilliant reproach to all the biologists who believe that their true calling is to study the ‘vanishing quantity of unspoilt nature’ ― the dwindling areas of forest and wilderness little touched by human activity ― and who neglect the more exciting evolutionary change taking place in the towns and cities where most of them live.”
―Clive Cookson, Financial Times
“Schilthuizen is taking on three centuries of literature and polemic that defends the virtues of rural nature against the vices of city life.... This is a spellbinding and important book.... The message is thrilling.”
―Bryan Appleyard, The Sunday Times (UK)
“An entertaining look at how wildlife is rapidly adapting to urban habitats, offering fascinating examples from across the globe.”
―Frannie Jackson, Paste Magazine “The 25 Most Anticipated Books of 2018”
“Replete with fascinating facts and written in delightfully lively prose, Schilthuizen’s work will
appeal to nature lovers and popular-science fans.”
―Carl Hays, Booklist
“While most of us are painfully aware of the negative effects that the heavy foot of progress has had on the natural world, especially in the part we call the built environment, nature refuses to go away. In fact, human activity has created a plethora of new opportunities for wildlife to survive and thrive in our presence. Darwin Comes to Town contains a wonderfully written, highly accessible collection of extraordinary examples, illustrating the breadth and depth of the concept of the ‘plasticity of adaptation’ that wildlife has demonstrated time and again, as we continue to reshape the natural world to our own requirements. It’s a great read and a real eye-opener for those who still wonder how white-tailed deer, raccoons, opossum, and a wealth of other ‘wild’ species of birds, mammals, and reptiles can carve out niches for themselves among the traffic jams and tall buildings of the modern metropolis and its suburbs.”
―Dr. Dickson Despommier, author of The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century
“Darwin Comes to Town casts a radical new light on the way we should think about evolution: that it is not always a slow, lumbering process measured in millions of years, but, in fact, something that can take place at relative light speed under certain circumstances. Say, when it must adapt to the ecological pressures put on its habitat (a planet) dominated by human action, and, specifically, the frenzy of the urban landscape. Menno Schilthuizen makes an extraordinarily convincing and elegant argument that, inside the restless laboratory of the modern city, nature has already begun to adapt and engineer its own urban ecosystems. But, significantly, that it is up to us to embrace, harness, and enable these natural forces for the future.”
―Jay Kirk, author of Kingdom Under Glass
“Think our slick, hard-edged cities defy nature? In Darwin Comes to Town, the metropolis is just one more wilderness, where undeterred evolution fits ever-new forms to the cityscape, from toes to microbiomes to elaborate and beguiling new behaviors. The savage force and delicate subtlety of adaptation are engagingly unveiled in Menno Schilthuizen’s potent stories of evolution in the Anthropocene.”
―Dr. Richard Granger, Director of the Brain Engineering Lab at Dartmouth College
Product details
- ASIN : B06Y16F375
- Publisher : Picador (April 3, 2018)
- Publication date : April 3, 2018
- Language : English
- File size : 12704 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 290 pages
- Page numbers source ISBN : 125012784X
- Best Sellers Rank: #694,126 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #116 in Ecology (Kindle Store)
- #285 in Environmental Science (Kindle Store)
- #540 in Evolution (Kindle Store)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Menno Schilthuizen (1965) is a Dutch ecologist and evolutionary biologist based at Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, who also holds a chair in evolution at Leiden University. His research deals with the diversification of groups of closely-related species, in land snails and beetles, and the questions of how and why different body-shapes evolve rapidly in such evolutionary ‘radiations’. He obtained his PhD from Leiden University in 1994 on the evolution of land snails from Greece, then did two postdoctoral stints at Wageningen University and from 2000 to 2006 worked as an associate professor at the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation in Malaysian Borneo, where he still holds a research associateship. He has authored over 100 scientific publications in professional journals such as Trends in Ecology and Evolution, The Journal of Evolutionary Biology, and Nature.
Besides his scientific career, he has been an active free-lance science reporter and populariser of biodiversity science, having written more than 150 popular articles and news reports in Science, New Scientist, and Natural History, as well as Dutch, Belgian, and Malaysian newspapers and magazines. He has coordinated the Dutch branch of the 2009 international citizen science project Evolution Megalab, and has given public lectures on evolution and ecology for conservationists, amateur biologists, ecotourists and eco-tour operators, as well as the general public, and making regular appearances on radio and TV. He wrote several well-received books: Frogs, Flies & Dandelions; The Making of Species (2001, Oxford University Press), The Loom of Life; Unravelling Ecosystems (2008, Springer), and Nature’s Nether Regions (2014, Penguin). He currently works on his fourth book, Darwin Comes to Town (Quercus, 2017).
Menno Schilthuizen lives in the historical city center of Leiden, The Netherlands. He enjoys painting and hiking in the dunes near his home-town.
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Schilthuizen has written a book for the sophisticated lay reader, but it is also a good "read" for the pros -- we may know most of the stories in it but not all of them, and it is helpful to have them packaged coherently like this.
Adaptation to urban environments generally entails what Dan Janzen has called "ecological fitting"--a sort of preadaptation in which species encounter a new context and just fit right in. But as this book shows, they often proceed to get even better at dealing with it. The most important message can be found on p.9: "We must realize that outside of pristine areas, traditional conservation practices (eradicating exotic species, vilifying "weeds" and "pests") may in fact be destroying the very ecosystems that are going to sustain humankind in the future....We must embrace and harness the evolutionary forces that are shaping novel ecosystems right here, right now."
I need to qualify that optimism, however. Adaptation to the man-made environment is no guarantee of long-term success in a world that is changing as rapidly as ours. The exotic house crows of Rotterdam were an incipient success, exterminated deliberately as a perceived potential pest. A small black butterfly called the "Common Sooty Wing" used to indeed be so common as to be viewed as a "junk species" by American Lepidopterists. It bred on pigweeds in urban vacant lots from coast to coast. It has now disappeared from much of its range for no obvious reason (neither pigweeds nor vacant lots are in short supply). The Checkered White that swarmed by thousands in my South Camden rail yard has done likewise and is now considered extinct in several states.
So "Darwin Comes to Town" brings a message of optimism, but it is guarded optimism. Enjoy urban wildlife while you can. It may not last--nor may we. Some 70 years ago Loren Eiseley wrote "Sometimes I think I can feel the pressure of mice waiting in the walls of old houses. They are waiting for us to go away."
PS: The N.Y. Obhukova cited for pigeon research on p.128 is almost certainly a "she," not a "he."
I read this book in a single day, which I never do with nonfiction. It helped that evolution is an enthralling subject that I have a passion for (I took an entire class on it in college for goodness sake). However, I would attribute my enjoyment of this book more to Schilthuizen's writing. It was almost conversational in nature and felt like you were having a chat over coffee and not reading a book. Schilthuizen was able to describe complex evolutionary and biological mechanisms in a very understandable manner. His use of clever and insightful anecdotes provided a story that made this book utterly readable. The concepts are explained in such a manner that someone without a scientific background would not be lost in technical drivel.
I was most affected by the discussion of humans as part of the ecosystem as a whole, rather than set apart. We are an evolutionary pressure and what we do truly does matter. I gave the book 4 stars because I felt it glossed over much of the bad to focus on the successes. There are far more species that have not adapted due to human urbanization than have. We really do need to remember that.
When Darwin Comes to Town is a phenomenal read for anyone interested in basic evolutionary theory and how human advancement can lead to advancement of other species too. It has made me look at our resident morning doves (we have named them Harold and Ramona and they are in love) in a completely new light, wondering if they have changed in the past decades to know precisely where to poop on our balcony to make it most inconvenient to clean... although that may not be a genetic change...
I truly enjoyed the book. I am a retired biologist and was prepared for more technical language and concepts. The language was conversational and sometimes displayed a dry wittiness that made easy, delightful reading. The concepts of urban evolution were presented in a gentle fashion.
As a biologist I was very pleased to see many of my opinions about evolution and the role of “exotic” species in the urban environment to be supported by this book. That does not mean I did not find details or concepts to ask questions about but that is very much what made the book interesting to me. Professor Schilthuizen knows I ask lots of questions.
My recommendation, for those people that have even a passing interest in the natural world, is that this book is a book worth reading. It could even spawn a realization that evolution is going on all around us, all the time, and all the places we live.
Top reviews from other countries
現存の貴重な自然環境を大切に思う気持ちは強くありますが、環境もそこに棲む生物も常に一定不変ではなく、時とともに大きく変化するものと考えると、これらのどの議論を聴いても常に腑に落ちない思いを抱きます。
この疑問に答える手がかりを探していたら、この本を見つけました。
筆者は冒頭にダーウインの時代は、生物進化はゆっくり起こり何百万年もかけて起こると説明されて来たが、急速に変化する都市環境においては、生物進化もそのスピードに合わせて起こる。恐竜化石や地質年代に寄らずとも、今や、この目で観察できると語っています。自然環境もそこに棲む生物相も不変でなく、変化するものという一貫した考えのもとに、多くの興味深い事象を紹介しています。
中でも特に印象に残った内容は次の通りです。都市環境の変化を受けて変異をとげた生物の例です。
1980年に英国から米国ニューヨークセントラルパークに80組のムクドリが放鳥されてから、ムクドリは1920年に東海岸全体に広がり、1960年には西海岸に到達、1978年にはアラスカで生息を確認された。120年経って、英国固有種と形態を比較すると、羽根が丸く変形しており、素早くひるがえりや飛び立ちできるように変異したことを確認。北アメリカの人口は120年で50倍に増加。猫や自動車から逃れる必要からこのような変異が起こったと考察されています。アメリカ岩ツバメについても、同様の事象として、1980年ごろから人工建造物に営巣することが多くなり、10年間で羽根の長さは平均2mm短くなっていることが確認されているとのこと。
ロサンゼルスのような大都市近郊において、太い高速道路に囲まれた地区が、海に隔てられた島と同様に生物進化に影響を及ぼすという説明も興味深いものです。北アメリカ固有種のオオヤマネコは狩猟遊びや高級毛皮を狙った捕獲で絶滅が心配されていたが、近年都市部で生息数を増加させている。南カリフォルニア地域で多車線の太い高速道路に囲まれた90kmX50kmの地区、さらにこの地区は、横東西を走る101号線と縦南北を走る405号線という太い高速道路で4区画されている。道路は1日70万台の車が走行、4つの区画に棲む400頭のオオヤマネコのDNAを採取したところ、それぞれ区画によって変異しており、区画間の動物の移動や交雑が無いことが判明した。
ニューヨーク市でも人間より先住の固有種白足ネズミについても同様の研究成果があることも説明されています。市内の公園に棲む白足ネズミは、公園そのものが、道路に隔てられて孤立した島のような環境となってそれぞれ異なる変異が認められたとのこと。例えば、セントラルパ-クのネズミは人が捨てたと思われるナッツ類のカビ毒やスナック菓子によると思われるアフラトキシン耐性や高脂質耐性にかかわる遺伝子の発達が確認されたとのこと。
その他、化学品汚染に強い小魚や重金属汚染に強い耐性を持つ草花等、興味深い事象の説明がなされています。
やや難しい言い回しやイディオムに苦労した箇所もありましたので評価は4つ星ですが、一読の価値があります。
エッフェル塔を背景に若鹿が夕日を受けて立っているユニークな図柄の表紙が目印です。





