While much of the international community regards the forced deportation of Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in 1915, where approximately 800,000 to 1.5 million Armenians perished, as genocide, the Turkish state still officially denies it.
In Denial of Violence, Fatma Müge Göçek seeks to decipher the roots of this disavowal. To capture the negotiation of meaning that leads to denial, Göçek undertook a qualitative analysis of 315 memoirs published in Turkey from 1789 to 2009 in addition to numerous secondary sources, journals, and newspapers. She argues that denial is a multi-layered, historical process with four distinct yet overlapping components: the structural elements of collective violence and situated modernity on one side, and the emotional elements of collective emotions and legitimating events on the other. In the Turkish case, denial emerged through four stages: (i) the initial imperial denial of the origins of the collective violence committed against the Armenians commenced in 1789 and continued until 1907; (ii) the Young Turk denial of the act of violence lasted for a decade from 1908 to 1918; (iii) early republican denial of the actors of violence took place from 1919 to 1973; and (iv) the late republican denial of the responsibility for the collective violence started in 1974 and continues today.
Denial of Violence develops a novel theoretical, historical and methodological framework to understanding what happened and why the denial of collective violence against Armenians still persists within Turkish state and society.
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A monumental account of so many aspects of Turkish denial of the Armenian genocide from way back in the 1800s up to 2009. A massive work from a female scholar who grew up (and went to what once was "America's" Robert College) in Istanbul, and who was progressively startled and embarrassed and saddened as she grew to understand (as a grad. student in sociology in the States) in how many ways her Turkish state-fed views on the Armenians (as evil perpetrators, etc. etc.) were so wrong ---and in how many ways such continuing propaganda has so profoundly injured so many aspects of Turkish society, commerce, conscience, emotion, etc. -- let alone all the many ways in which the original genocide had killed and injured (and its continued denial still injures) Armenians. The latter subject (the actual genocide of the Armenians) is almost as widely covered as the denial, and one learns a great deal about both as one reads.
Documented through wide reading, but in particular through 300-plus Turkish citizen memoirs in Turkish that somehow the Turkish state never was able to censor -- though with proper regard on her part as to how much even such memoirs participate in the denial; even with a good deal of covering one's one tracks, those memoirs often speak to the true state of things in many, many ways.
Gocek does not speak of the situation of Ottoman Greeks from Turkey's Pontus much, being so far ignorant of what happened to the Ottoman Greeks in the few references she makes to them as to collect all of what happened to the Ottoman Greeks under the umbrella of the "population exchange." By the time when Nansen's ballyhooed exchange was actually executed (mid to late 1923), of course, over a million forcibly exiled Ottoman Greeks or Greeks who had earlier fled were already in Greece--and hundreds of thousands of other Ottoman Greeks (not those in the Hellenic Greek Army with which Mustafa Kemal and his Nationalists were fighting, but Ottoman Greek citizens) had been killed by the Turks. This is a fault, but should be understood to exist in someone who has her eye on her main subject of the ARMENIAN genocide (and someone who has also been widely studying the latest methods of sociological science, which help her greatly in her effort) all along, and someone who has succeeded wonderfully in this latter effort.
Excellent book reviewing a very painful time of history. It is a courageous effort for one of Turkish descent to speak so openly and honestly about a sad part of their history. It is well researched and a worthwhile read.
It takes courage to face the truth and Fatma Muge Gocek has done that. I heard her speak on the radio and was moved by her passion to write about a topic that has put her in harm's way: death threats and under FBI protection. No one would want to live such a life unless they truly believed in what they were doing.