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The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 Paperback – September 9, 1988
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Initially, ex-slaves attempted to create an educational system that would support and extend their emancipation, but their children were pushed into a system of industrial education that presupposed black political and economic subordination. This conception of education and social order--supported by northern industrial philanthropists, some black educators, and most southern school officials--conflicted with the aspirations of ex-slaves and their descendants, resulting at the turn of the century in a bitter national debate over the purposes of black education. Because blacks lacked economic and political power, white elites were able to control the structure and content of black elementary, secondary, normal, and college education during the first third of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, blacks persisted in their struggle to develop an educational system in accordance with their own needs and desires.
- Print length381 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherUniv of North Carolina Pr
- Publication dateSeptember 9, 1988
- Dimensions6 x 1.25 x 9.25 inches
- ISBN-109780807842218
- ISBN-13978-0807842218
- Lexile measure1510L
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"Georgia Historical Quarterly"
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Product details
- ASIN : 0807842214
- Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Pr; Later Printing edition (September 9, 1988)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 381 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9780807842218
- ISBN-13 : 978-0807842218
- Lexile measure : 1510L
- Item Weight : 1.18 pounds
- Dimensions : 6 x 1.25 x 9.25 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #94,368 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #125 in History of Education
- #467 in African American Demographic Studies (Books)
- #874 in U.S. State & Local History
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I came to it because it featured a number of subjects I am interested in: education; Reconstruction; the American Baptist Home Mission Society and their work among the Freedmen of the south after the war; Black history; Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois -- this book had it all, and more.
I would call this book a historical and historiographical tour-de-force. Anderson confronts and dismantles a number of historical misconceptions regarding Black history, Black education, southern history, and in particular the features of "industrial education" as modeled by the Hampton Institute and Tuskegee. He demonstrates irrefutably that the Hampton-Tuskegee model was always intended to shape Black teachers, and through them the Black population in the south, into willing acceptance of their subordinate role in society. In particular, white Southern leaders partnered with white Northern philanthropists to push this ideology on as much of the south as they could, and found some willing Black educators willing to go along with it, like Washington. In some cases, they took over schools, pushed out teachers and principals, reorganized the board, and remade the school in their own plans, against the protests of the Black students and teachers who had been running it.
Anyone interested in the Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. Du Bois debate over education *must* read this book. I was honestly shocked at some points at how blatantly racialized the Hampton-Tuskegee method was, and understood more than ever why Du Bois (and many others long before him) resisted and critiqued it so vehemently.
Anderson's work is rooted in solid primary sources, letters, census data, educational survey data, and deep dives into the archives. The endnotes are a testament to this. The bibliography stretches to 38 pages and demonstrates the breadth and depth of scholarship in this book. Anderson is also correcting some of the standard interpretations of this subject (the education of Blacks in the South), and by my verdict he does so convincingly and exceptionally well.
Highly recommended, a first-rate work of important history.
Anderson covers all this with a broad span, bringing in examples from over a dozen states. Even so, this book--which could have been too dense--reads very well, since the mind-numbing facts accompany narratives from letters and reports that bring the numbers alive. Once you read this book, it's impossible to not understand what all the fuss was about concerning so-called "industrial education" (as with Booker T. Washington) or to feel admiration for Northern white philanthropists during an era that promoted "industrial education." About the only heroes of this book are members of ordinary black communities and, in some sense, the Northern missionary societies and church groups based in the black South. These pretty much ignored the Northern philanthropists' push for education that denigrated black people and instead set up a web of private schools and colleges that eventually bore fruit. These schools educated at least a few black leaders in the absence of public education and in spite of barriers set up to block such education. I read this about the same time as W. E. B. DuBois's "The Souls of Black Folk"; an excellent companion.
Every educator should read this book in order to understand how a people so vested in education continue to struggle to achieve it.
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