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The Enigma of Clarence Thomas Paperback – November 17, 2020
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The Enigma of Clarence Thomas is a groundbreaking revisionist take on the Supreme Court justice everyone knows about but no one knows.
“One of the marvels of Robin’s razor-sharp book is how carefully he marshals his evidence.... It isn’t every day that reading about ideas can be both so gratifying and unsettling.” – The New York Times
Most people can tell you two things about Clarence Thomas: Anita Hill accused him of sexual harassment, and he almost never speaks from the bench. Here are some things they don’t know: Thomas is a black nationalist. In college he memorized the speeches of Malcolm X. He believes white people are incurably racist.
In the first examination of its kind, Corey Robin– one of the foremost analysts of the right (The Reactionary Mind) – delves deeply into both Thomas’s biography and his jurisprudence, masterfully reading his Supreme Court opinions against the backdrop of his autobiographical and political writings and speeches. The hidden source of Thomas’s conservative views, Robin shows, is a profound skepticism that racism can be overcome. Thomas is convinced that any government action on behalf of African-Americans will be tainted by racism; the most African-Americans can hope for is that white people will get out of their way.
There’s a reason, Robin concludes, why liberals often complain that Thomas doesn’t speak but seldom pay attention when he does. Were they to listen, they’d hear a racial pessimism that often sounds similar to their own. Cutting across the ideological spectrum, this unacknowledged consensus about the impossibility of progress is key to understanding today’s political stalemate.
- Print length320 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPicador
- Publication dateNovember 17, 2020
- Dimensions5.96 x 0.81 x 9 inches
- ISBN-101250772915
- ISBN-13978-1250772916
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“Makes a strong case for its provocative thesis... Rigorous yet readable, frequently startling yet eminently persuasive... One of the marvels of Robin’s razor-sharp book is how carefully he marshals his evidence.... It isn’t every day that reading about ideas can be both so gratifying and unsettling, and Robin’s incisive and superbly argued book has made me think again.”
―The New York Times
“An important and well-argued book... Robin has produced a thoughtful and careful explication of Thomas’s core ideas, showing how they emerge partly from his biography and setting out their disturbing implications. This is as good a synthesis of Thomas’s intellectual world as we are likely to get.”
―The Washington Post
“The remarkable achievement of Robin’s thoroughly researched, cogently argued work is that it makes a compelling case for what is, initially, a startling argument.”
―The New York Times Book Review
“Robin sees a powerful continuity between Thomas’s black nationalism and his conservatism, extrapolating from his words a coherent worldview that helps explain his approach to a slew of issues, from voting rights to gun ownership, from the Commerce Clause to gender relations.... The Enigma of Clarence Thomas is the first book to fully tease out these strands of his thinking. The results are fascinating.”
―Bookforum
“Superb… A bold and original book… Like all the best biographies The Enigma of Clarence Thomas aims to reveal the inner workings of its subject, and Robin achieves this not by trawling through Thomas’s private life and talking to his colleagues but by anatomizing his 700 authored opinions.... Robin makes what he calls Thomas’s ‘invisible justice visible,’ and in doing so he reveals the invisibility of Thomas himself.”
―The Guardian
“Robin is the rare left-wing observer who takes Thomas’s political and legal mind seriously.... Thoroughly researched and engagingly written... this book is a valuable and overdue engagement with the nexus between Thomas’s early life, his black nationalism, and his political views.”
―National Review
“In his provocative new book, The Enigma of Clarence Thomas, Corey Robin... is deconstructing a sphinx, and his point carries the uncomfortable ring of truth.”
―The Atlantic
“Robin is one of our sharpest explicators of the right from the left, and the case he makes is round and convincing.”
―Mother Jones
“Lucid and brilliant... A magnificent and serious study... Read The Enigma of Clarence Thomas as well as everything else Robin has written. No political thinker in our time has been more devoted to understanding political thinking (as opposed to sociologizing or moralizing politics).”
―The Humanist
“When Clarence Thomas took his seat on the Supreme Court, no one could have predicted that he would become both the silent justice and the most influential justice. Corey Robin’s elegant and insightful analysis shows how Thomas’s blend of black nationalism and conservatism helped him fashion a jurisprudence that will shape American life for years to come. This is the book Court watchers―which we all should be―have waited for.”
―Annette Gordon-Reed, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of The Hemingses of Monticello
“Clarence Thomas is by far the Supreme Court’s most interesting and perplexing justice, criticized by many and understood by few. Working through Thomas’s writings, Corey Robin tells a remarkable story about a remarkable figure―a man of complex views whose austere philosophy has been hiding in plain sight. Robin shows us Thomas’s black nationalism, his deep pessimism about race relations, his fervent embrace of capitalism, and his stern demand for a severe and uncompromising system of criminal justice. What emerges is a portrait that is as fascinating as it is disturbing. You may think you know who Clarence Thomas is, but you don’t know the half of it. This book is a revelation.”
―Jack M. Balkin, author of Living Originalism
“It requires the ferocious curiosity and intellectual courage of a Corey Robin to brave one of the most vexing mysteries faced by Supreme Court watchers: How to reconcile Clarence Thomas’s radical conservatism with his unforgiving use of race as jurisprudential lodestar? For conservatives blinkered to Thomas’s essentialism on race, and for liberals who refuse to reckon with his lived experience of black marginalization and stigma, this book will be equally discomfiting and eye-opening.”
―Dahlia Lithwick, senior editor, Slate
“Only a political diagnostician as keenly incisive as Corey Robin could render such a complex and fascinating portrait of Clarence Thomas. This meticulous analysis of the touchstones and turning points in Thomas’s life finds ideological consistency in the seemingly quirky patchwork of his thought: an odd amalgam of ultra-libertarian revanchism, patriarchal fundamentalism, black nationalism, and state-backed authoritarianism. Robin delivers a riveting guide to the multiple paradoxes that underlie Thomas’s unusually self-protective persona, and masterfully shows their resonance in the juridical rulings that govern us all.”
―Patricia J. Williams, author of The Alchemy of Race and Rights
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Product details
- Publisher : Picador; Reprint edition (November 17, 2020)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 320 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1250772915
- ISBN-13 : 978-1250772916
- Item Weight : 12.2 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.96 x 0.81 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #473,870 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #304 in Lawyer & Judge Biographies
- #1,067 in Political Conservatism & Liberalism
- #1,720 in Black & African American Biographies
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Part I on race is largely biographical in focus. The epic transition from Georgia to Holy Cross College and Yale Law School, and how it impacted Thomas' thinking on racial matters is full of insights. He comes to believe while a student at YLS, a somewhat elite position, that he still could never reach equality with white students. He becomes wary of white largess and develops a suspicion about liberal dishonesty. One of the interesting ideas that develops during this period is his opposition to racial assimilation and a preference for black educational institutions. . Avoiding the stigma of black inferiority (especially in educational matters) becomes vital, hence his opposition to affirmative action and similar concepts. Whites are simply racists--and that's it. He begins to see things through "the prism of race."
I found the second section on black capitalism quite fascinating as this was a new concept to me. Since African-Americans are closed out of the political system, it is a waste of time to try and buck the system. Instead, turn one's efforts to progressing in the capitalist market system, white racism cannot cramp you. "Black power" means exploiting opportunities to make money and gain independence. So this is where Thomas becomes comfortable with some conservative thinkers like Thomas Sowell. "Do for yourself, brother" becomes his view. Since government intervention only makes things worse for blacks, limit government programs. This view is reflected in his decisions seeking to limit the sweep of the commerce clause, and expand the reach of free speech.
The final section on the "white and black constitutions" I found the most difficult to grasp. The author argues that the white constitution is one of policing, punishment, and prison--but this teaches black male responsibility. The black constitution is violent and relies on the second amendment to protect black families. Interestingly, Thomas focuses on the Reconstruction Slaughterhouse decision which neutralized the privileges and immunities clause of the 14th amendment. Thomas wants to review the P&I clause and move away from reliance upon the due process and equal protection clauses. African-Americans must have the means to fight back--ala the Panthers.
A very stimulating look at one of our more complex Supreme Court actors. The book cleared up some questions I had about Thomas, and this is important. The author's arguments are supported by 61 pages of notes, and he seems to have read anything about or by Thomas. One major contribution of the book is that it puts an end to the argument that Thomas was just a clone of Justice Scalia--it is clear he has always been his own man and uninhibited in asserting his ideas and following his values.
Like the other conservative Catholics on the Supreme Court, Thomas seems to be a believer in a virtue ethic. (The other major flaw with this book, for which I deduct another star, is Robin's failure to engage with Thomas' Catholicism. This is a man who spent a year training to be a priest, then transferred to another Catholic college at which, I will accept, he was indeed a black nationalist. Would have appreciated some inquiry at least as to why Thomas gave up on the priesthood, but not surprisingly given Robin's earlier writing, Thomas refused to be interviewed for this book. We can infer that it was in part Thomas recognizing his own libido as a force not adaptable to celibacy.) To some extent the formation of virtue always requires adversity and even suffering, which is why Donald Trump utterly lacks it. The military school he went to confronted him with adversity and suffering far too late to make a difference. Thomas, however, is unique in what Robin sees as his determination to make society worse for African-Americans (and most other Americans) in order to purify black men and make them more virtuous, that is, more manly.
This is probably because the adversity and suffering with which he was confronted as a child is itself unique on today's Court, and is likely to remain so on all future Courts. Thomas is aware of this, which is why he will almost certainly die on the Court like Rehnquist and Scalia rather than retire. It would be utterly impossible to replace him with someone of any color who thinks the way he does. This in turn makes his jurisprudence unique. Robin loves to quote opinions written by Thomas which all other Justices refused to join. He also wrote alone for probably the most significant case of his tenure, Shelby County v. Holder, which Robin fails to explore.
Thomas' philosophy is only tangentially related to black nationalism. Robin's own work points to the inescapable conclusion that Thomas' whole personality is dominated by his hero worship of his grandfather Myles Anderson, who to Thomas was everything a man should ever want to be. Extensive quotes from, and the very title of, Thomas' autobiography reinforce this conclusion. Rather than seeing his grandfather's personality as a miracle, a gift from God, Thomas sees it, like all other personalities, as the product of his specific environment -- Savannah, Georgia under Jim Crow. And he is willing to bring back the worst features of Jim Crow in order to create more men like his grandfather.
Robin refers briefly to Thomas' son Jamal from his first marriage, but also failed to interview Jamal for this book, which would have enabled to us to understand if Thomas succeeded or even sought to be in those years the same kind of father that his grandfather was to him. Robin also says very little about Thomas' time at Yale Law School, which he entered two years behind Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham and at the same time as John Bolton, one of few among his classmates who evidently impacted Thomas' thinking significantly. I will not deduct a star for either of these omissions, however, because as it stands now the review is at three stars. In my experience the three-star reviews are often the most thorough on this site, if not necessarily the most honest, and still convey the impression that the book should be read, which this one should be. So read it.
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Très bon livre, je recommande pour bien comprendre le phénomène sociologique des États-Unis.








