Other Sellers on Amazon
+ $3.99 shipping
98% positive over last 12 months
+ $3.99 shipping
92% positive over last 12 months
Usually ships within 4 to 5 days.
+ $3.99 shipping
86% positive over last 12 months
Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Learn more
Read instantly on your browser with Kindle Cloud Reader.
Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app.
The Face of Decline: The Pennsylvania Anthracite Region in the Twentieth Century Paperback – December 15, 2005
| Thomas Dublin (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
| Price | New from | Used from |
Enhance your purchase
The anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania once prospered. Today, very little mining or industry remains, although residents have made valiant efforts to restore the fabric of their communities. In The Face of Decline, the noted historians Thomas Dublin and Walter Licht offer a sweeping history of this area over the course of the twentieth century. Combining business, labor, social, political, and environmental history, Dublin and Licht delve into coal communities to explore grassroots ethnic life and labor activism, economic revitalization, and the varied impact of economic decline across generations of mining families. The Face of Decline also features the responses to economic crisis of organized capital and labor, local business elites, redevelopment agencies, and state and federal governments.
Dublin and Licht draw on a remarkable range of sources: oral histories and survey questionnaires; documentary photographs; the records of coal companies, local governments, and industrial development corporations; federal censuses; and community newspapers. The authors examine the impact of enduring economic decline across a wide region but focus especially on a small group of mining communities in the region's Panther Valley, from Jim Thorpe through Lansford to Tamaqua. The authors also place the anthracite region within a broader conceptual framework, comparing anthracite's decline to parallel developments in European coal basins and Appalachia and to deindustrialization in the United States more generally.
- Print length288 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherCornell University Press
- Publication dateDecember 15, 2005
- Reading age18 years and up
- Dimensions7 x 0.2 x 10 inches
- ISBN-100801484731
- ISBN-13978-0801484735
Books with Buzz
Discover the latest buzz-worthy books, from mysteries and romance to humor and nonfiction. Explore more
Frequently bought together

- +
- +
Similar books based on genre
Editorial Reviews
Review
"The Face of Decline is a fine work of social history, broadly based in its approach, painstaking in its research, innovative in its methodology, and thoughtful in its conclusions. Like Dublin's When the Mines Closed, this work is essential for students both of deindustrialization and of the recent history of northeastern Pennsylvania. Just as significantly, The Face of Decline accomplishes the social historian's most difficult task: communicating with a wide audience while still challenging scholars."
― Business History Review"A sweeping history of this area over the course of the 20th century.... The book is not only a history lesson. It's a human tragedy story, about people who worked hard, and long, in dangerous conditions, only to be let down, not only by their profession, but by their government also. Dublin and Licht paint an honest picture, of despair, of resourcefulness, and then more despair. It's a book that belongs in every coal region home and library, and in the hands of every school kid who has heard countless stories of the way it used to be in this area."
― Lehighton Times News"History Professor Thomas Dublin and colleague Walter Licht offer a sweeping history of Pennsylvania's anthracite coal region during the 20th century in their new book, The Face of Decline.... Since some of the material touches on recent history, Dublin interviewed former miners about their experiences. He said these conversations complemented the data and gave it a human context. 'I found it wonderful to be able to interview people who have lived through the history,' he said.... The Face of Decline also has much to offer politicians and business leaders in areas facing similar economic shifts."
― INSIDE Binghamton University"In an era when many historians are settling for symbols and representations to understand complex historical changes, Dublin and Licht have succeeded not only in explaining industrial decline and approximating its effects on the lives of their subjects but also in providing a model and a new standard for social historical research. Their narrative and analysis will certainly garner due attention and praise, but it would be good to think that their methods will also get the attention they deserve."
― Journal of Social History"This book is an excellent piece of scholarship, combining institutional and social history. The authors should be commended for their exhaustive research and expert merging of many different sources into a vigorous and readable narrative. It is no exaggeration to say that this book will very quickly become a classic in the fields of labor studies and economic history."
― Journal of American History"Thomas Dublin and Walter Licht's The Face of Decline is essential reading for anyone concerned with the economic development or redevelopment of a community, region, or state. It is also a definitive history of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania that by 1890 was supplying 16 percent of the nation's energy. The book's handsome large-format pages conceal its great length, including detailed chapters that narrate the early decades when the industry was raking in profits. These provide ballast for what follows―an account of eighty years of decline, ending in regional economic collapse."
― Technology and CultureAbout the Author
Thomas Dublin is Professor of History at Binghamton University, State University of New York. He is the author of many books including When the Mines Closed: Stories of Struggles in Hard Times and Transforming Women's Work: New England Lives in the Industrial Revolution, both from Cornell, and Women at Work: The Transformation of Work and Community in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826–1860, winner of the Bancroft Prize and the Merle Curti Award. Walter Licht is Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of several books including Working for the Railroad: The Organization of Work in the Nineteenth Century, winner of the Philip Taft Labor History Prize; Work Sights: Industrial Philadelphia, 1890–1950; Getting Work: Philadelphia, 1840–1950; and Industrializing America: The Nineteenth Century.
Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here, or download a FREE Kindle Reading App.
Product details
- Publisher : Cornell University Press; Illustrated edition (December 15, 2005)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 288 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0801484731
- ISBN-13 : 978-0801484735
- Reading age : 18 years and up
- Item Weight : 0.988 ounces
- Dimensions : 7 x 0.2 x 10 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #261,209 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #39 in Province & Local Canadian History
- #4,745 in U.S. State & Local History
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more
Products related to this item
Customer reviews
Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.
To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness.
Learn more how customers reviews work on AmazonTop reviews from the United States
There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.
The book starts with a brief history of coal being found in the region. Followed by some pages on the growth of the region in the 19th c. Then a chapter on the peak of the industry in the first decades of the 20th c. Third, a chapter on the Depression era. Then, a chapter on the postwar decline, with very interesting looks at the extinction of some of the major companies and also at the corrupt union. And two chapters on efforts to redevelop the region. The last chapter includes comparison to the survival of the bituminous coal industry in Appalachia and also the decline of coal in England in the last quarter of the 20th c. The book was written about 10-15 years ago so there is nothing about the Obama Administration "war on coal", although obviously that is not terribly relevant to this region.
Note it tends to focus on the "Panther Valley" region first and foremost because that happened to be where the records were richest when he wrote this. Scranton/Lackawanna is a secondary focus.
Recomend most highly to students of economic history. Great micro story.
Pennsylvania was once a leading input towards our nation's economic strength. It's approximately 500 square miles of anthracite coal, which is 95% of the world's known supply, accounted for 16% of American's energy needs during the industrial era of the 1890s. The demands for increased energy during the 1910s due to World War I kept demand for Pennsylvania anthracite thriving. Yet, after the war, people turned to lower cost alternatives, such as oil and gas. Anthracite over time has found it increasingly difficult to compete. In 1917, Pennsylvania saw 100 million tons of anthracite was extracted by 181,000 miners. In 2000, less than 1,000 miners produced 4 million tons.
With the decline of industry came the decline of coal communities. This is a region that has gone from almost 1.2 residents in the 1930s to 836,000 today. This is more stunning compared to the population boom throughout most of the rest of the country. As the authors note, these towns have more than the typical share of abandoned commercial sites, elderly, and people requiring public assistance as the only available income option.
As the Depression of the 1930s forced many mine investors to close their companies, unemployed miners still wanted jobs to feed themselves and their families. They created "bootleg" companies and continued mining, up to 5 million tons in 1939, without authority of the owners. This led to a period of literal mine wars, where armed labor protectors would do battle with armed mine police. Governor Gifford Pinchot responded by declining to send in state police officers as mine owners requested.
World War II produced increased energy demands, and many mines officially reopened. Unfortunately, many mine owners, many absentee investors and many often operating in partnership with union officials, liquidated and diversified mine assets in ways that was profitable during wartime, yet financially crashed upon peacetime. Several public redevelopment projects attempted to stem the economic collapse of this region, yet the projects were haphazard with no overall plan. They may have helped stem some losses, yet they failed to resolve the larger challenges as the area was thrown into a downwards cycle, according to the authors.
The Pennsylvania state legislature played interesting roles in this history. A key issue has always been the transportation of all this coal. At first, it was legislated that coal and rail interests be kept separate, and that no transporting company could own a mine. Railroad companies hired lobbyists who, in 1860, persuaded the legislature to end this ban. What resulted was investors, in particular J.P. Morgan, owning both rail companies and coal mines. Coal mines not owned by rail companies discovered that no rail company would ship their coal, or would do so at exorbitant rates, and they were driven out of business and absorbed by the rail and coal conglomerates.
Anthracite coal mining was not an easy occupation. Nor was it safe, as over 10,000 workers are known to have perished in these mines. In 1869, the legislature and Governor enacted the first notable mine ventilation laws, yet only for mines in Schuylkill County. When 108 perished from lack of oxygen in a mine the following year in another county, the law was extended for the entire region. In addition, the law required two means of egress and provided for five qualified inspectors.
The authors point out that stronger safety procedures and laws requiring them were known. England had stricter mine safety rules. Pennsylvania lawmakers lagged behind the British in their abilities to enact these tougher requirements. This demonstrated the political strength of the mine owners and their ability to influence elected officials.
Pennsylvania law in fact allowed private Coal and Iron Police who in actually were a militia that kept mine employees mostly controlled. An early attempt of a mine strike by the Workingman's Benevolent Association (WBA) led to a failed strike that lasted six months and can concluded with wage reductions and the demine of the WBA. Over time, disgruntled mine employees likely killed some mine foremen and superintendents and burned and bombed company offices. Pinkerton investigators claimed members of the Molly Maguires were behind the disturbances. In 1877, ten were convinced and executed for these crimes over evidence that, to today, is debated as to whether those blamed, perhaps due to their political activism and perhaps over discrimination over their Irish ethnicity, were in fact innocent.
A strong union created with greater employee approval, the United Mineworkers, emerged in the 1890s. Crashes between union members on one side and Coal and Iron Police and local Sheriffs and their deputies on the other side, at one point led to 19 deaths and 73 arrests. The clash resulted in increased union membership and made the union even stronger.
In 1900, about 100,000 coal miners went on strike led by such organizers as "Mother' Jones. U.S. Senator Mark Hanna (R-Pa.), fretted that this continuing shutdown of coal supply could endanger the administration of President McKinley during a reelection year, tried to get union President John Mitchell to travel to meet J.P. Morgan. Mitchell declined. Union members were offered 10% pay increases and on October 29, union members accepted. For many years, October 29 was celebrated throughout Pennsylvania as Mitchell Day.
In 1905, the Pennsylvania legislature prohibited children age 13 or younger from working in mines. Even this law provided a loophole where all it took was a parent swearing to the age of a child. Thus, many underage children continued mine work.
The legislature and Governor approved the state's workers' compensation law in 1915. The legislature again found a loophole for mine workers, as the law did not cover black lung disease. Many injured mine workers relied upon help from friends and ethnic benefit societies.
Subsequent mine strikes became a national controversy. Sen. William Borah (R-Idaho) began an effort to nationalize coal mines. Governor Pinchot helped the sides reach an agreement. The authors believe Pinchot hoped this would gain him much national prominence, yet the accord led to higher coal prices, disgruntled consumers, and diminished Pinchot's public favorableness. Pinchot later attempted to get the legislature to restrain rising coal prices, yet coal lobbyists saw to it that the proposal never was reported from committee.
This is a very useful history of Pennsylvania anthracite coal mining. The authors have captured this period and how it affected the people living and working there. This book would interest people interested in coal mining, Pennsylvania history, and the sociology of coal mining areas.


