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Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science (Popular Science) Paperback – June 1, 1957

4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 137 ratings

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"Although we are amused, we may also be embarrassed to find our friends or even ourselves among the gullible advocates of plausible-sounding doubletalk." — Saturday Review
"A very able and even-tempered presentation." —
New Yorker
This witty and engaging book examines the various fads, fallacies, strange cults, and curious panaceas which at one time or another have masqueraded as science. Not just a collection of anecdotes but a fair, reasoned appraisal of eccentric theory, it is unique in recognizing the scientific, philosophic, and sociological-psychological implications of the wave of pseudoscientific theories which periodically besets the world.
To this second revised edition of a work formerly titled
In the Name of Science, Martin Gardner has added new, up-to-date material to an already impressive account of hundreds of systematized vagaries. Here you will find discussions of hollow-earth fanatics like Symmes; Velikovsky and wandering planets; Hörbiger, Bellamy, and the theory of multiple moons; Charles Fort and the Fortean Society; dowsing and the other strange methods for finding water, ores, and oil. Also covered are such topics as naturopathy, iridiagnosis, zone therapy, food fads; Wilhelm Reich and orgone sex energy; L. Ron Hubbard and Dianetics; A. Korzybski and General Semantics. A new examination of Bridey Murphy is included in this edition, along with a new section on bibliographic reference material.


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From the Publisher

Check out these exciting books by Martin Gardner from Dover Publications

Martin Gardner

Martin Gardner was a renowned author who published over 70 books on subjects from science and math to poetry and religion. He also had a lifelong passion for magic tricks and puzzles. Well known for his mathematical games column in Scientific American and his "Trick of the Month" in Physics Teacher magazine, Gardner attracted a loyal following with his intelligence, wit, and imagination.

Martin Gardner: A Remembrance The worldwide mathematical community was saddened by the death of Martin Gardner on May 22, 2010. Martin was 95 years old when he died, and had written 70 or 80 books during his long lifetime as an author. Martin's first Dover books were published in 1956 and 1957: Mathematics, Magic and Mystery, one of the first popular books on the intellectual excitement of mathematics to reach a wide audience, and Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, certainly one of the first popular books to cast a devastatingly skeptical eye on the claims of pseudoscience and the many guises in which the modern world has given rise to it. Both of these pioneering books are still in print with Dover today along with more than a dozen other titles of Martin's books. They run the gamut from his elementary Codes, Ciphers and Secret Writing, which has been enjoyed by generations of younger readers since the 1980s, to the more demanding The New Ambidextrous Universe: Symmetry and Asymmetry from Mirror Reflections to Superstrings, which Dover published in its final revised form in 2005.

Editorial Reviews

Review

"A very able and even-tempered presentation."

About the Author

Martin Gardner was a renowned author who published over 70 books on subjects from science and math to poetry and religion. He also had a lifelong passion for magic tricks and puzzles. Well known for his mathematical games column in Scientific American and his "Trick of the Month" in Physics Teacher magazine, Gardner attracted a loyal following with his intelligence, wit, and imagination.

Martin Gardner: A Remembrance
The worldwide mathematical community was saddened by the death of Martin Gardner on May 22, 2010. Martin was 95 years old when he died, and had written 70 or 80 books during his long lifetime as an author. Martin's first Dover books were published in 1956 and 1957: Mathematics, Magic and Mystery, one of the first popular books on the intellectual excitement of mathematics to reach a wide audience, and Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, certainly one of the first popular books to cast a devastatingly skeptical eye on the claims of pseudoscience and the many guises in which the modern world has given rise to it. Both of these pioneering books are still in print with Dover today along with more than a dozen other titles of Martin's books. They run the gamut from his elementary Codes, Ciphers and Secret Writing, which has been enjoyed by generations of younger readers since the 1980s, to the more demanding The New Ambidextrous Universe: Symmetry and Asymmetry from Mirror Reflections to Superstrings, which Dover published in its final revised form in 2005.

To those of us who have been associated with Dover for a long time, however, Martin was more than an author, albeit a remarkably popular and successful one. As a member of the small group of long-time advisors and consultants, which included NYU's Morris Kline in mathematics, Harvard's I. Bernard Cohen in the history of science, and MIT's J. P. Den Hartog in engineering, Martin's advice and editorial suggestions in the formative 1950s helped to define the Dover publishing program and give it the point of view which — despite many changes, new directions, and the consequences of evolution — continues to be operative today.

In the Author's Own Words:
"Politicians, real-estate agents, used-car salesmen, and advertising copy-writers are expected to stretch facts in self-serving directions, but scientists who falsify their results are regarded by their peers as committing an inexcusable crime. Yet the sad fact is that the history of science swarms with cases of outright fakery and instances of scientists who unconsciously distorted their work by seeing it through lenses of passionately held beliefs."

"A surprising proportion of mathematicians are accomplished musicians. Is it because music and mathematics share patterns that are beautiful?" — Martin Gardner

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Dover Publications; 2nd Revised ed. edition (June 1, 1957)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 384 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0486203948
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0486203942
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 13.6 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.5 x 0.75 x 8 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 137 ratings

About the author

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Martin Gardner
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For 25 of his 95 years, Martin Gardner wrote 'Mathematical Games and Recreations', a monthly column for Scientific American magazine. These columns have inspired hundreds of thousands of readers to delve more deeply into the large world of mathematics. He has also made significant contributions to magic, philosophy, debunking pseudoscience, and children's literature. He has produced more than 60 books, including many best sellers, most of which are still in print. His Annotated Alice has sold more than a million copies. He continues to write a regular column for the Skeptical Inquirer magazine.

Customer reviews

4.4 out of 5 stars
4.4 out of 5
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137 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on June 28, 2017
This is a remarkable book. Martin Gardner was an outstanding investigator of pseudo-science. His book covers 26 different topics. And, several overarching themes emerge.

The first one is that pseudo-science is not always a trivial topic that provides entertainment for the rest of us. Sometimes, it can be downright dangerous as when pseudo-science in medicine can result in egregiously bad treatments resulting in the patient’s death when the latter could have easily been saved with conventional medicine.

At other times, pseudo-science can be downright catastrophic at the societal and global level. In the US, flawed views on races and anthropology supported a racism that violently exploited a large minority for over a century. In Russia, flawed theories of genetics emasculated the Russian community of geneticists that were relegated to camps in Siberia and elsewhere in the 1930s. Many of them died or disappeared without having been able to contribute to their field (Ch 12. Lysenkoism). Similar flawed anthropological theories lead Hitler to attempt to entirely eliminate the Jewish population in Germany. He nearly succeeded and took the entire World down with him into WWII (Ch 13. Apologists for Hate).

It is astonishing how gutsy or delusional many pseudo-scientists are. Many of them have waged numerous, prolific, and public attacks on the luminaries of their time including Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Albert Einstein. And, these pseudo scientists did not have any of the necessary knowledge in science or mathematics to be worthy participants in scientific debates within the specialized relevant scientific communities at the time. When they are entirely ignored by the scientific bodies, they claim to be isolated and misunderstood geniuses way ahead of their time such as Copernicus and Galileo were. This is a most common pattern of megalomaniac pseudo-scientists.

However, what may be the most surprising is how many of the pseudo-science myths that Gardner investigates are still very much prevalent today. Just to mention a few: Dianetics-Scientology, homeopathy, naturopathy, Bates method (eye exercise to improve eyesight), creationism-Intelligent Design, and organic-farming.

In any case, this is a great read especially when you consider this book was first written in 1952.
8 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on July 15, 2017
This is a brilliant classic. If you have little patience with the BS that's promulgated by phoneys and morons, this book is a must for your coffee table. However, you may lose a friend or two, should they recognize themselves in its pages! I bought two copies ... one for me and one for a smart pal who'll get a kick out of it. Gardner was a fine thinker and brilliant writer. He also wrote the notes for "The Annotated Alice," which includes both "Alice in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking Glass." His "Alice" notes reveal a lot of the background for the gags and verses in Carroll's books, including - for example - the original poem that was the template for "You Are Old, Father William." Gardner's "Alice" is also available here at Amazon, and I strongly recommend it to you, if you're a lover of classics. (Buy at least one copy of "Fads & Fallacies" and one copy of "Alice." But don't lend them to friends - you'll probably never get them back, because they're the kind of books one likes to read over and over.)
3 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on January 21, 2007
In many ways this is a fascinating book, and one that may say as much about the time in which it was written as it does about the subject, pseudoscience, that it investigates. First published in 1952 by G.P. Putnam's Sons, it was revised and expanded in 1957 and it is this second edition that I discuss here. It presents a concerted attack on various ideas, many of them aimed at self-improvement, that have a veneer of the scientific mindset about them but that have little relationship to science. All are critiqued mercilessly and dismissed as utter nonsense. Martin Gardner skewers such cults as Charles Fort and the Fortean Society, William Reich and orgone sex energy, L. Ron Hubbard and Dianetics, and A. Korzybski and General Symantics. He also critiques ideas about the hollow Earth, Velikovsky's wandering planets, phrenology, flying saucer groups, Lysenkoism, Atlantis and Lemuria, and creationism. Had it been written more recently it would no doubt have also included Erich von Daniken's ancient astronauts espoused in the 1960s in "Chariots of the Gods" and the cold fusion furor from the 1980s.

Gardner recounts the stories of what he fully believes are cases of fraud with gusto and not a little humor. For him, it seems to be something of a guilty pleasure to chuckle about these various beliefs, ill-informed and sometimes duplicitous though they may be. At some level, this is an outgrowth of the era in which he wrote this book. In the heady environment after World War II, in which modern science and technology may well have saved Western Civilization, it is easy to see how Americans could express a broad faith in scientific knowledge to solve almost any problem. The immediate postwar era in which Martin Gardner wrote "Fads & Fallacies in the Name of Science" found the application of wartime mobilization models for science also being applied to peacetime problems. In 1952, the same year that Gardner published his first edition of this book, Edward Everett Hazlett wrote to presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower about declaring "War on Untimely Death." He suggested that a widespread government effort to "smash the atoms" of disease "seems no more likely to fail than did that on the atom. It has, in addition, the spiritual advantage of being a campaign to save life and not to take it" (quoted on p. 164 in Brian Balogh, "Reorganizing the Organizational Synthesis: Federal-Professional Relations in Modern America," Studies in American Political Development 5 (Spring 1991): 119-72). Such faith in science and technology motivated all manner of activities in the twenty years after World War II and Americans yielded to the authority of experts with something akin to a religious conversion experience through at least the middle part of the 1960s.

In such an environment, Martin Gardner's critique of these "fads and fallacies" seems almost sui generis. It is a classic in skepticism and well worthy of in-depth consideration. At the same time, I would recommend that readers explore this book more as a statement of the time in which it was written, enjoyable and amusing at times, as well as informative, but also dismissive and demeaning toward those individuals and groups who accepted these various ideas.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 11, 2014
Though the book is a bit out of date it remains - to me - one of the greatest popular science books I have come across. For many years I taught a course - Science and Pseudoscience - at the Univ of Pittsburgh and this book was required reading. Some of the pseudoscience fads that were popular years ago are now out of fashion but the basic idea of how to spot them and understand where and how they arise - self-deception, greed etc are all clearly described. The writing is wonderfully clear and entertaining.
Its simply fun to read - and is so enlightening. Over the years I have given out - as gifts to friends and colleagues - dozens of copies. It gets my highest recommendation.
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Top reviews from other countries

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Mister Pants
5.0 out of 5 stars Still relevant today
Reviewed in Canada on October 7, 2022
Great reading, must have for anyone curious about society, people...
Moises
5.0 out of 5 stars Muy bueno y muy interesante
Reviewed in Spain on November 3, 2023
Muy bueno y muy interesante, como casi todo lo que escribe este autor. En ingles mucho mas barato que en español.
Silvestre Cardenas R
4.0 out of 5 stars Es una obra que en su tiempo debió haber sido obligatoria para toda la gente
Reviewed in Mexico on January 19, 2018
Salvo porque ya es un poco antiguo, es un libro que desengaña a quien cree en noticias "asombrosas" que no tienen ningún fundamento científico.
jcmacc
5.0 out of 5 stars A Classic of Skeptical Writing
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 3, 2008
Martin Gardner originally wrote this classic text on various forms of pseudoscience, covering the merely amusing to the ouright dangerous, in 1952 (this edition is the revised version from 1957).

While some of what Gardner wrote about has rightly faded away with time, e.g. the original UFO craze, orgone energy, hollow earth theories etc other topics such as creationism, dianetics (scientology) holocaust denial etc are still around in fundamentally unchanged form now in 2008. While it is sad that these various nonsense ideas have enjoyed overlong lives, at least this means many chapers of Gardner's classic skeptical book are not simply interesting as historical essays but are still bang up to date and are as important as ever.

Highly recommended.
6 people found this helpful
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TONY MEREDITH
4.0 out of 5 stars Still valid today
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on August 17, 2020
This book is getting on a bit now but unfortunately many of the cranks and crackpot ideas that it unveils are still around so it is probbaly as valid now as it was when it was written. What does that say - it says that people are gullible and still don't learn from these snake-oil selling gags.
2 people found this helpful
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