Paul Levinson's _Fake News in Real Contexts_ is a concise, informative, and timely exploration of the recent emergence of Fake News as a cultural phenomenon. Charting the distinctions between professional journalism, citizen journalism, and state propaganda, Levinson nealy places fake news in its current cultural context. Moreover, he warns of the dangers that fake news undoubtedly poses for a democratic, or even just a culturally literate, state. WHile Levinson correctly identifies fake news as a deliberate attempt to pass falsities for realities, his prescription of what to do about remains somewhat predictable. He advocates for better fact checking, for a citizenry that is better educated about political rhetoric, and for a deeper understanding of the pecuniary interests behind journalism--all sensible solutions--but they don't quite penetrate to the heart of the matter as they essentially offer Enlightenment (rational) solutions to what is perhaps better seen as a postmodern (post-Enlightenment) cultural phenomenon. I'd like to see just a slightly more probing analysis of how fake news is something more than just poor fact checking. AT moments he starts to develop this analysis--that fake news is an appeal to emotion and related to confirmation bias, but his solution does not sufficiently address how to combat these non-rational or even anti-rational dimensions of fake news.
I might also throw in a plug as well for Levinson's 1970s album, "Twice Upon a Rhyme," which has a couple great tracks, including "Today is Just Like You," "Raincheck," and the eclectic "The Lama Will be Late This Today," (less)
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