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Fascism and Communism (European Horizons) Paperback – December 1, 2004

by Francois Furet (Author), Ernst Nolte (Author), Katherine Golsan (Translator),

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In his major work on communism, the international bestseller The Passing of an Illusion, the eminent French historian François Furet devoted a lengthy footnote to German historian Ernst Nolte’s interpretation of fascism. Nolte responded, a correspondence ensued, and the result was the remarkable exchange presented in this volume. Fascism and Communism offers readers the rare opportunity to witness and learn from a confrontation between two of the world’s most distinguished historians over one of the most serious subjects of our time. Each from a different perspective, Furet and Nolte offer compelling arguments for the common genealogy of these two ideologies as well as reasons for the intellectual community’s rejection of this explosive thesis throughout the twentieth century. This discussion leads to a deeper understanding of the nature of totalitarianism as well as the trajectory and interpretation of modern European history.

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In his major work on communism, the international bestseller The Passing of an Illusion, the eminent French historian François Furet devoted a lengthy footnote to German historian Ernst Noltes interpretation of fascism. Nolte responded, a correspondence ensued, and the result was the remarkable exchange presented in this volume. Fascism and Communism offers readers the rare opportunity to witness and learn from a confrontation between two of the worlds most distinguished historians over one of the most serious subjects of our time. Each from a different perspective, Furet and Nolte offer compelling arguments for the common genealogy of these two ideologies as well as reasons for the intellectual communitys rejection of this explosive thesis throughout the twentieth century. This discussion leads to a deeper understanding of the nature of totalitarianism as well as the trajectory and interpretation of modern European history.

François Furet (192797) was one of Frances most respected historians. His books include The Passing of an Illusion: The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century and Revolutionary France, 17701880. Ernst Nolte is a leading German historian and the author of major works on fascism. Katherine Golsan, an associate professor of French at the University of the Pacific, is cotranslator of Tzvetan Todorov's Life in Common: An Essay in General Anthropology (Nebraska 2001). Tzvetan Todorov is the author of numerous works, including Facing the Extreme: Moral Life in the Concentration Camps.

About the Author

François Furet (1927–97) was one of France’s most respected historians. His books include The Passing of an Illusion: The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century and Revolutionary France, 1770–1880. Ernst Nolte is a leading German historian and the author of major works on fascism. Katherine Golsan, an associate professor of French at the University of the Pacific, is cotranslator of Tzvetan Todorov's Life in Common: An Essay in General Anthropology (Nebraska 2001). Tzvetan Todorov is the author of numerous works, including Facing the Extreme: Moral Life in the Concentration Camps.

Series: European Horizons
Paperback: 101 pages
Publisher: University of Nebraska Press; 1st ed. edition (December 1, 2004)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0803269145
ISBN-13: 978-0803269149
Product Dimensions: 5.2 x 0.3 x 8 inches
Shipping Weight: 5 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review: 5 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,389,962 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #2291 in Books > Politics & Social Sciences > Politics & Government > Ideologies & Doctrines > Communism & Socialism
- #4405 in Books > Politics & Social Sciences > Politics & Government > International & World Politics > European
- #9218 in Books > Politics & Social Sciences > Politics & Government > Political Science > History & Theory

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Jamie MacTavish

A Great Small Book

January 13, 2003

Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase

This book is made up of correspondence between the French historian Francois Furet (best known for "The Passing of an Illusion") and German historian Ernst Nolte (best known for "Three Faces of Fascism" and more controversial later writings such as "The European Civil War"). The correspondence takes the form of a stimulating, respectful debate, sparked by Furet's footnote on Nolte's interpretation of fascism in "The Passing of an Illusion."
Furet takes the position that fascism and communism are parallel movements with common roots. Nolte takes the view that fascism was a reaction to communism. The two positions are not necessarily mutually exclusive, however, and there is much agreement between the two. Tzvetan Todorov, in the preface, finds Furet's arguments more convincing. This reviewer, however, was more impressed by Nolte.
The books main shortcoming (and the reason I'm giving it four stars instead of five) is it's length. At only Ninety-one pages, excluding the preface and forward, it might leave the reader unsatiated, wanting more.
But if you prefer quality over quantity, and don't mind a high price/page ratio, you will not be disappointed. Ninety-one pages of Furet and Nolte is worth a lot more than a thousand pages of David Halberstam drivel.

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Bogdan Hagiu

An excellent book on the "Communism=Fascism" debate

June 15, 2012

Format: Paperback

The exchange of letters that constitutes the substance of the book was the result of Furet's appreciation for Nolte's work on the history of fascism.

Nolte is considered a pariah historian by the mainstream historians because he dared to challenge the leftwing-Jewish consensus on the historiography of Nazism. Nolte might be considered therefore a "revisionist" historian.

The two historians agree that the communist and fascist(Nazi) regimes were equally criminal and brutal.

However, on morally balancing the crimes of communism and fascism/Nazism, Furet considers that the crimes of the Nazi regime weigh slightly heavier than the crimes of the communist regimes because he considers the Holocaust "unique".

In contrast, Nolte considers that the crimes of communism weigh slightly heavier because they were committed in the name of a hypocritical utopian ideology.

There are further interesting issues of disagreement between the two:
1. Nolte considers that fascism was mainly a reaction to the threat posed by the communist insurgents after WWI, while Furet considers that fascism and anti-Semitism had clear antecedents in the European politics and intellectual life before WWI.
2. Nolte considers that the anti-Semitism of the Nazi had a rational impetus in the over involvement of the eastern European Jewry in the communist movement. Furthermore, he believes that any right-wing totalitarian regime would have been anti-Semitic in the view of the massive participation of Ashkenazi Jews in the communist conspiracy. However, Furet disagrees forcefully with that view, finding no excuse for anti-Semitism. On the contrary, he judges positively the Jewish involvement in the communist movement (he himself being a communist in his youth.)
3. Nolte considers Nazism just the German form of fascism while Furet considers that Germany had a special affinity for an extreme right anti-Semitic regime.

However, there are points of agreement between the two:
1. Both agree than the WWII was more than a repeat of WWI - with its addition of an ideological conflict between two rivalling forms of totalitarianisms.
2. Furet concedes that Hitler's idiosyncratic personality had a major influence on the unfolding of events.
3. Furet agrees with Nolte that revisions in the historiography of the Holocaust and Nazism should be permitted if they are conforming to the rules of historical scholarship.

Lastly, Furet criticises Nolte's position as one a German nationalist would take.Similarly,I consider that obvious philo-Semitism of Furet and the fact that he sympathised once with communism had biased his views too. Nevertheless, I find his views on fascism (a radical conservatism with origins going back before the Russian revolution) overall convincing.

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Alexander Shah

The Book Represents The Deathbed Confession of Nolte

October 13, 2013

Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase

Here is an example of what is so problematic with Nolte's logic:

He quite nonchallantly assumes that Russia was a "natural" choice for Marxist-Communist ideology (HIS ENTIRE CAREER HE IGNORES THIS POINT, THIS SECRET FLAW IN HIS THINKING) and all his discussions proceed from the standpoint of Russia being a huge proponent of Communism/Marxism in the 20th century. He never, not even once! thinks of the problem-question of "how could a deeply Christian Orthodox 99% peasant Slav ocean of Asia extending into Europe switch from world problems-ignorant mentality to the position of leading proponent of a fundamentally alien doctrine of Marxism - in a few years ?"

The answer: no country is just a tool of Ideology. Ideology is itself a tool of the national Spirit.
The answer: Russia was never Communist. Russia embraced Lenin BUT NOT 'Leninism'.
The answer: Dr. Ernst Nolte is not a historian.

In reality, Dr. Nolte is a an old sympathizer with Socialism. He believes it to be deeper and better than Marxism or Fascism. Nolte's career began as America's academic pawn in Berlin (anti-Soviet) and then became an anti-American, anti-Capitalist dogmatist (his own evolution as academic).

All that nolte wished to do with his career - was to rescue socialism from its impurities - like the inter-war episode of fascism or from the soviet model - to help bring about a model of "true socialism" without "distortions and lies" (as he called them). nolte is a soldier of socialism who hates the anti-socialist history of europe, america and the west.

Nolte held high hopes for his friendship with Francois Furet, but then Furet died suddenly - and Nolte was left alone in the vacuum of his isolation from the rest of the "scientific" community of historians. Nolte was always blind to there being ANYTHING worth discussing about the 20th century except the existentialist perspective of ideologies from the standpoint of anti-capitalism.

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Most recent customer reviews

Jan Peczkis

Ernst Nolte Is a Non-Judeocompliant Scholar, But is NOT Trying to Lessen the Crimes of Nazism

By way of introduction, German historian Ernst Nolte has gotten a lot of flak, from the Judeocentric academics, for pointing out that Nazism had been a competitive imitation of...Read more

Published 1 year ago

D. McClain

Short but thought-provoking discussion

This is a wide-ranging albeit somewhat meandering conversation between two eminent scholars that I found to be worthwhile for the questions that emerge from its pages.Read more

Published on April 30, 2007

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