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The Four Tendencies: The Indispensable Personality Profiles That Reveal How to Make Your Life Better (and Other People's Lives Better, Too) Hardcover – Print, September 12, 2017

4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 3,027 ratings

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NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Are you an Upholder, a Questioner, an Obliger, or a Rebel? From the author of Better Than Before and The Happiness Project comes a groundbreaking analysis of personality type that “will immediately improve every area of your life” (Melissa Urban, co-founder of the Whole30).
 
During her multibook investigation into human nature, Gretchen Rubin realized that by asking the seemingly dry question “How do I respond to expectations?” we gain explosive self-knowledge. She discovered that based on their answer, people fit into Four Tendencies:
 
Upholders meet outer and inner expectations readily. “Discipline is my freedom.”
Questioners meet inner expectations, but meet outer expectations only if they make sense. “If you convince me why, I’ll comply.”
Obligers (the largest Tendency) meet outer expectations, but struggle to meet inner expectations—therefore, they need outer accountability to meet inner expectations. “You can count on me, and I’m counting on you to count on me.”
Rebels (the smallest group) resist all expectations, outer and inner alike. They do what they choose to do, when they choose to do it, and typically they don’t tell themselves what to do. “You can’t make me, and neither can I.”
 
Our Tendency shapes every aspect of our behavior, so using this framework allows us to make better decisions, meet deadlines, suffer less stress, and engage more effectively. It’s far easier to succeed when you know what works for you.
 
With sharp insight, compelling research, and hilarious examples,
The Four Tendencies will help you get happier, healthier, more productive, and more creative.
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Customer reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
3,027 global ratings

Customers say

Customers find the book insightful and informative. They describe it as a great, easy read with actionable steps. Readers praise the writing quality as well-written, colloquial, and talented. They also mention the book is fun to read and interesting.

AI-generated from the text of customer reviews

164 customers mention "Insight"160 positive4 negative

Customers find the book insightful, informative, and enjoyable. They say it helps them know and understand themselves better. Readers appreciate the well-researched examples of each tendency. They describe the book as a practical self-help resource that covers different ground in an introspective view.

"...there, but I think the point is that this book has the potential to really open your mind and get your thinking pretty deep about human behavior,..." Read more

"...That’s how it is with Gretchen Rubin’s books. Each one is distinctive and has a unique message, but when you read more than one, you understand that..." Read more

"This book has many good observations and points, but I’m not convinced that people can be pigeon-holed as neatly as Rubin does in this book...." Read more

"...As an obliger, I find this group very intriguing.This book adds great insight for me; I have fully enjoyed learning even more about the..." Read more

98 customers mention "Readability"98 positive0 negative

Customers find the book readable, insightful, and entertaining. They say it provides useful tools for people management and is well worth their time and investment.

"...In a nutshell ...it's definitely worth a read. It was money well spent and I highly recommend you picking up a copy, and I hope you enjoy it as..." Read more

"...This means she is equally able to meet a deadline as well as change a habit for herself like not eating sugar anymore...." Read more

"...I think that discovering these and explaining them in an easy-to-understand way is no less than pure genius!..." Read more

"...From that perspective this is a great book and is well worth your time and investment...." Read more

25 customers mention "Writing quality"25 positive0 negative

Customers find the book very well-written, easy to read, and warm. They say the author is talented and knows how to research, write, inspire, and inform. Readers also appreciate the clarity and descriptions of the principles.

"...This book is like Gretchen Rubin’s other books. It’s engaging, and well-written. It’s based on some unique research...." Read more

"...Her writing style speaks right to my core. This book is very well written with succinct explanations in common sense, general terms...." Read more

"I read the book over two afternoons. The text is easy to read & the hardcover has a nice quality to it, but I'm not judging it by its cover...." Read more

"...no interest in Personality Frameworks, Rubin's delightful storytelling voice will keep you engaged...." Read more

24 customers mention "Fun to read"21 positive3 negative

Customers find the book incredibly fun, insightful, and easy to read. They say it's a fast read for personality information and helps them laugh at themselves more.

"...best relate and thrive for the differing dynamics are practical and exciting...." Read more

"An enjoyable and informative read about the four tendencies which has given me some clarity into why I do certain things the way I do...." Read more

"...This book is incredibly fun, insightful, and easy to read. The strategies on how to work and deal with other tendencies are so helpful...." Read more

"...it's easy to read and fun to share.Additional life hack: find friends who exhibit different tendencies than you have to balance out the scales...." Read more

15 customers mention "Concept"15 positive0 negative

Customers find the concept great, well-thought-out, and helpful. They say it makes a good breakdown of what motivates people and how to do it. Readers also mention the book is easy to read, well-researched, and provocative. They appreciate the strong examples and organization.

"...It may be the most methodically structured book I’ve ever read, although I just finished a book where the author speaks through different people, so..." Read more

"...It’s well-organized, making it easy to look for specific information you want without having to read the whole thing...." Read more

"...- her advice is down to earth, thoughtful, well-reasoned, and the four tendencies are no different...." Read more

"...A wonderful book that helped me get along, work better, and use the right approach to gain cooperation.William Teh..." Read more

A great read for being more successful in managing yourself and others
5 out of 5 stars
A great read for being more successful in managing yourself and others
I am a big fan of Rubin's other books: The Happiness Project, Happier at Home and Better than Before. I'm also an avid listener of her podcast: Happier. Given how much she's discussed the four tendencies, I wasn't sure there would be anything new in this book, but I was pleasantly surprised.Even if you have no interest in Personality Frameworks, Rubin's delightful storytelling voice will keep you engaged. Even if you don't think the Four Tendencies is a valid framework, you'll learn easily usable ideas to help you get yourself to do things and make your life better.I find Rubin's insights to be immediately applicable, both in managing myself and in the variety of people I work with. Rubin doesn't frame any personality type as bad or wrong, but rather the book is filled with ways to harness your natural tendency and get what you want from your life. This book has already helped me appreciate that I can tailor my communication to better reach people and get the results I want from myself and my business!
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on November 30, 2017
I really enjoyed this book! I'm a fan of personality types. So this was very interesting to me.

I tested as a Rebel and I must say that the chapter on my tendency was quite accurate. There were many aspects of the tendency that nailed me. There were also some aspects that were a bit off the mark though.

There were aspects of other tendencies that I could relate very strongly to as well. For example, I can sometimes be a fierce researcher complete with spreadsheets and analytical data and I will take forever to make a decision. ...very typical behavior of the "Questioner" type. Also, I have an extreme difficulty with saying "no". ...very typical behavior of the "Obliger" type. Those are just 2 examples but suffice to say, I kind of was a bit all over the map to a degree. The only type I really didn't relate to at all was "Upholder". As for the other 3 types, it's all VERY situational for me.

I will admit that the Rebel tendency does fit me best though and quite a lot of the information was VERY helpful and eye opening for me. I do feel as though I am a Rebel first and foremost. I do still feel as though there is SOME crossover between the types though and the author does seem to acknowledge that. So I don't believe that I can say that I disagree with the author's point of view. It's funny too because I always saw myself as easy going but this book actually helped me see that I can actually be quite combative and resistant in my own very unique way. I also got a lot of great ideas on how to better deal with the things in my life that regularly trip me up. For example, I struggle with finding ways to get through mundane tasks at work and there are some really creative methods suggested for this and other typical Rebel difficulties. I got a lot of great suggestions to help me actually WANT to do the things I sometimes struggle to find the motivation to push through. So, in that regard it was very helpful and I'm excited to try some of these ideas out.

One interesting thing I want to share is how this book helped me pinpoint my older brother's type. He is clearly an Upholder. Him and I sometimes struggle to see eye to eye and this book really helped me see why. His Upholder tendencies and my Rebel tendencies cause us to drive each other crazy whenever we have to join together to accomplish a goal. We get along great when we're just having fun and this book really opened my eyes as to why these difficulties exist for the specific situations and why they do not apply for others. There is also an Upholder at work that just drives me absolutely nuts and I suspect that I do the same to him. This book helped open my eyes to that situation as well. So, I really feel as though the ideas behind these tendencies certainly have a lot of validity, value, and use in the real world.

Speaking of Upholders and Rebels, I have to applaud the author for taking the time and effort to understand the Rebels. That is likely a difficult feat, yet she was able to be open minded enough to see the value and motivations behind the Rebels in a positive light. I find it especially admirable knowing that the author herself is an Upholder and she was able to see the positive in the Rebels. I imagine us Rebels can be a pain in the butt from time to time. I know we can be difficult.... BUT, and I can't speak for all Rebels, I truly do mean well. I want to be responsible. I want to be reliable. I want to be agreeable. ...The key word is "want". I think that is the key for any Rebel. As the author says ...we do what we want. That may sound superficial or selfish out of context, but some of us Rebels want things that are bigger than ourselves. Some of us simply want those that we love to be happy, or we want to do some good in this world. I think the author did a pretty good job of conveying that deeper and rather hidden motivation that many of us Rebels feel passionately about. This sort of "want" may be why some of us Rebels can relate to the tendencies of other types such as the Obligers. Our "wants" may coincide with what other tendency's natural inclinations. ...at least that's my take on it all.

I think I went on a tangent there, but I think the point is that this book has the potential to really open your mind and get your thinking pretty deep about human behavior, motivations, and relationships with people that are important to you. In a nutshell ...it's definitely worth a read. It was money well spent and I highly recommend you picking up a copy, and I hope you enjoy it as much as I did!
88 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on January 31, 2018
Dave, Debbie, and Di are siblings. They each have their own unique appearance, but when you see them standing near each other, you know, instantly, that they belong together. That’s how it is with Gretchen Rubin’s books. Each one is distinctive and has a unique message, but when you read more than one, you understand that they all go together. The latest book in that collection is The Four Tendencies: The Indispensable Personality Profiles That Reveal How to Make Your Life Better (And Other People’s Lives Better, Too).

If you noted “personality types” in the title and figured this is yet another book about personality types that are based on Jungian psychology, you’re in luck. It’s not. In fact, I’m not sure that “personality types” is even the right description for what Gretchen Rubin calls “tendencies.” They don’t come from psychology at all. They grew out of an insightful answer to a puzzling question. Here’s how Rubin describes it in the book.

“And here was my crucial insight: Depending on a person’s response to outer and inner expectations, that person falls into one of four distinct types: Upholders respond readily to both outer expectations and inner expectations Questioners question all expectations; they meet an expectation only if they believe it’s justified, so in effect they respond only to inner expectations Obligers respond readily to outer expectations but struggle to meet inner expectations Rebels resist all expectations, outer and inner alike.”

The first part of the book describes how that insight came about and offers an overview of what she calls the four tendencies. Then, the bulk of the book is devoted to the four sections, one for each of the four tendencies. Each section has a chapter on understanding the tendency and one on dealing with it. Here’s a list of the tendencies, with Rubin’s catch-phrase for each one.

Upholder: “Discipline is my freedom”
Questioner: “I’ll comply – if you convince me why”
Obliger: “You can count on me, and I’m counting on you to count on me”
Rebel: “You can’t make me, and neither can I”

This book is like Gretchen Rubin’s other books. It’s engaging, and well-written. It’s based on some unique research. There’s a test where you can determine your own tendency. One option is to answer the questions as they appear in the book. The other option is to follow the link to the book website and take the test there. I recommend the latter. It will give you a good idea of where you fit as a primary tendency. Then, as you read the book, you’ll learn a bit about what other tendencies you lean toward.

You Probably Won’t Like This Book If…

You probably won’t like this book if you don’t like simplified presentations of complex subjects. Some people find these sorts of things, especially these 2x2 matrices, helpful. I’m one of them. But I know from talking to my friends and working with my clients that you and I may not see this issue the same way.

You probably won’t like this book if you’re searching for hard science of some kind. Yes, there is a large and well thought out survey that underlies the tendencies, but if you’re looking for several academic papers and lots of laboratory research to support what’s here, you’ll be disappointed.

You Probably Will Like This Book If…

You’ll probably like this book if you’ve liked Gretchen Rubin’s other books. There’s the same common sense melded with experiment and the same engaging writing style.

Obviously, you’ll also like this book if you enjoy simplified explanations of complex issues. Ditto if you like 2x2 matrices.

You will probably like this book if you try to put some of it to work. Reading some books is like studying history. You can read the book and get the points and increase your knowledge. But other books, and this is one of them, repay some personal real-world trials. In other words, it’s more like learning to swim than it is like learning history. Try out the ideas you get from the book to see if they work for you.

If You’re a Coach or Other Helping Professional…

If you’re a coach or other helping professional, you should try some things to see if they work for you and with your clients. I work with writers, and I coach people through the book-writing process. The book gave me several ways to help people achieve what they want to achieve. I now know that there are some people that don’t want me as an accountability partner and others who will really appreciate my ability to get projects on track. I’ve always known that there were those differences, but The Four Tendencies gives me a language for talking about them and a template for using them more effectively.

In A Nutshell

If you are a coach, or a consultant, or a medical professional, or anyone who helps people achieve things they want to achieve, The Four Tendencies should be on your shelf, but don’t just leave it there. Read it. Experiment with what you find. Put it to work.
223 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on June 1, 2023
This book has many good observations and points, but I’m not convinced that people can be pigeon-holed as neatly as Rubin does in this book. For example, she states that everyone falls under a “tendency” with influence by another tendency, yet when I took the quiz, I fell into three tendencies equally. The first part of the book (where she explained each tendency) was informative and interesting, but I felt that the latter part of the book was overly repetitive of points that had been made earlier.
4 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

Bluebell
5.0 out of 5 stars Helps me understand others
Reviewed in Canada on December 14, 2023
This is an amazing read with lots of real examples and helped me to understand myself and others.
Felipe C Oliveira
5.0 out of 5 stars Terrific Book
Reviewed in Brazil on August 21, 2023
What a book, after read it we start to see people in different way. I think that is a nice book to "intermediate" english students.
Ju
5.0 out of 5 stars Brilliant Book
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on May 30, 2024
It's the sort of book that when I read it, I found myself thinking, "That's me!"

It's fascinating. It's also quite an easy read.
iris
5.0 out of 5 stars Helps understand yourself and the others
Reviewed in Italy on March 16, 2021
I have always had some issues in understanding why some people are the way they are (myself included) and this book really gives some perspective on the topic. And also some useful tips on how to deal with different tendencies.
For myself (as a rebel) this book has been mind-blowing. I absolutely recommend it.
Kumar
5.0 out of 5 stars Very good.
Reviewed in India on January 1, 2020
Very good. Frankly am surprised how the author has been able to decode people in 4 categories, basis a single attribute of how they react to 'expectations', both inner and outer. I found this simple classification more useful and practical then the complex MBTI or the BIG 5 personality traits.
One can take the free quiz on author website and get a 4 page report for free. But for someone with just a wee more interest, I think the book provides some very good information , about the other tendencies, real life cases from 100's of readers. And how to guess and deal with people from other tendencies, as also understand self better. The author has an app too which is very active with members sharing insights, and seeking suggestions on issues.