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Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience Paperback – May 30, 1986
| Erving Goffman (Author) Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author |
| Price | New from | Used from |
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- Print length600 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherNortheastern University Press
- Publication dateMay 30, 1986
- Dimensions5.52 x 1.45 x 8.22 inches
- ISBN-10093035091X
- ISBN-13978-0930350918
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Product details
- Publisher : Northeastern University Press; Later Reprint edition (May 30, 1986)
- Language : English
- Paperback : 600 pages
- ISBN-10 : 093035091X
- ISBN-13 : 978-0930350918
- Item Weight : 1.49 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.52 x 1.45 x 8.22 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #286,348 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #493 in General Anthropology
- #5,554 in Sociology (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Erving Goffman was Benjamin Franklin Professor of Anthropology and Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania until his death in 1982. He is recognized as one of the world's foremost social theorists and much of his work still remains in print. Among his classic books are The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life; Interaction Ritual; Stigma; Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity; and Frame Analysis. William B. Helmreich is a professor of sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center and City College. He has written Against All Odds, The Enduring Community, Saving Children, and The Things They Say Behind Your Back all available from Transaction.
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The way this topic is developed, however, is by an amazingly detailed discussion of example of incidents where people dramatically misunderstand the situations they find themselves in, either by mistake, or because they are induced into doing it by others who set out to con or fool them. One of the most fun things about this book is the sources of the examples. The most memorable are news clippings apt to be filed under "Odd News", with tales about con men, college activists, the royal family and such, which were obviously thrown into the paper for comic relief, and make the book enormous fun to grab and skim through just for the stories. Goffman's introduction goes as far to label his selection methodology, literally, as a mockery of representative sampling.
But there's a method here. The stories were newsworthy precisely because they were extraordinary ocurrences; and Goffman's approach is to iluminate normality by examining situations that depart dramatically from it. He develops a series of very technical concepts to analyse at great depth what's going on in these situations, the central ones being "frame", "keying", "fabrication". He applies these concepts to drama, conversation and deception, among other things.
The funniest thing about this book, however, is the contrast between Goffman's serious, academic tone and the silliness of a lot of the material he's covering. A contrast which one can tell he played up.
Frame Analysis is very long, dense and at times a rather trying and difficult read. Goffman employs a plethora of concepts couched within a multitude of frames from which the reader or `student' can view the ever complex and complicated social world. The most distinctive concepts (and important in terms of this text) however include the `frame,' `primary framework,' `keying,' and `fabrications.' Goffman defines a `frame' as, a collectivity of `definitions of situations' that together govern social events and our subjective involvement in them. A `primary framework' then provides meaning to events that would otherwise be meaningless and consists of two classes, "natural and social." The "natural" class concerns frames that are "purely physical" (e.g. Goffman provides "the state of weather as given in a report" as an example). "Social frameworks" on the other hand provide a basis for understanding events that include agency, aim, will, and controlling effort of human intelligence.
`Keying' consists of an "openly admitted" transformation of untransformed activity and concerns a systematic reworking of something that is already meaningful within the primary framework, therefore enabling social actors to determine what it is that they think is really going on (e.g., Goffman lists the following as basic keys employed in our society, `make-believe,' `contests,' `ceremonials,' `technical redoings,' and `regroupings'). For instance, style (an example of a keying): consists of features of particular social actors who then through "the maintenance of expressive identifiably" systematically transform or modify a strip of activity. `Fabrications,' like keying, consists of a reworking of something that is already meaningful within the primary framework but unlike keying concerns the intentional effort of one or more persons to manage activity so that one or more individuals will garner a false belief about the definition of the situation. A "strip of activity" then is perceived by social actors in terms of the rules of a primary framework (social or natural) and that the perception of such activity provides a model for two basic transformations (keying and/or fabrication). These organizational premises then sustained in both activity and the mind of the actor, collectively comprising what Goffman calls the "frame of the activity."
The "frame of activity" contains the subjective aspects of social life whereby human actors constantly adjust their behavior based on the actions (and subsequent interpretations) given off by other actors. An empirical examination of meaningful activities taking place within the frame of activity as outlined by Goffman in his nearly six hundred page masterpiece allows us to then develop a very basic understanding of the social production of reality. This book is not recommended for the novice sociologist but is geared for the more serious student (e.g. those considering graduate school or those in already in graduate school). A more suitable `beginners' Goffman book might be The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959) which provides a less systematic (and theoretical) approach toward the mundane interaction in everyday life.
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING
Blumer, Herbert. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Brissett, Dennis and Charles Edgle (eds). 1990. Life as Theater: A Dramaturgical Source Book. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York, NY:Doubleday Press.
Lofland, John (ed). 1978. Interaction in Everyday Life. Beverly Hills, CA: University of California Press.
Top reviews from other countries
It has a great introduction that allowed me to better understand Goffman's approach.
I had an impression that Erving Goffman was talking to me, with the abundance of footnotes to follow the author's thinking. Goffman acknowledges authors who influenced him and readily admits generalisations and unknowns in his concepts. His work, in turn, can be applied, reconsidered and developed in so many new ways.
I'd read several articles about Goffman's works, at first feeling lazy to read the original. Many of the articles and reviews were helpful but nothing compares with the original. The book inspired me beyond my dissertation, it offers an interesting perspective. Many examples in the book are from the 20th century but analogs of the events and situations can be found in our times.
Positive, bright yellow colour of the cover is cheerful. Cheerful is good (especially when writing dissertations).
The paperback format was lightweight, so I enjoyed carrying this book around ("Mum: How are you? I: Sitting in a cafe with Goffman. Mum: With Goffman whom?")
Overall, I'm happy to have this book at home and I recommend it to you.








